Active encouragement of accessing archives: a prerequisite for democracy

Grut, Sara; Press, Maria

doi:https://doi.org/10.3828/comma.2015.2.3

Convention on the Rights of the Child. (1989, November 20). OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child

Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE). (n.d.). Union Europea. Retrieved January 17, 2023, from https://european-union.europa.eu/institutions-law-budget/institutions-and-bodies/institutions-and-bodies-profiles/court-justice-european-union-cjeu_es

United Nations: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. (1967). https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0002930000101204/type/journal_article

Abdelkader, E. (2017, September 20). The history of the persecution of Myanmar’s Rohingya. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/the-history-of-the-persecution-of-myanmars-rohingya-84040

Access Info Europe. (2016, September 28). Statement by European RTI Community on the world’s First Official Access to Information Day! Access Info Europe. https://www.access-info.org/2016-09-28/statement-by-european-rti-community-on-the-worlds-first-official-access-to-information-day/

Access Info Europe, & Centre for Law and Democracy. (n.d.). The RTI Rating - Global Right to Information Rating. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.rti-rating.org/

AFP. (n.d.). Macron advised to return looted African art treasures. Artdaily.Cc. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://artdaily.cc/news/109331/Macron-advised-to-return-looted-African-art-treasures#.Y7-fhezMJ3Q

Alikarami, L. (2016, December 5). Iran’s political paranoia includes children of foreign fathers. Al-Monitor.Com. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2016/12/iranian-mothers-foreign-fathers-children-citizenship-law.html

Alsharif, A. (2011, September 25). Saudi king gives women right to vote. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-king-women-idUSTRE78O10Y20110925

American Association for the Advancement of Science. (n.d.). AAAS Center for Scientific Responsibility and Justice. AAAS.Org. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.aaas.org/programs/scientific-responsibility-justice

Amnesty International. (2020, September 10). Myanmar: Military Ltd: The company financing human rights abuses in Myanmar. Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa16/2969/2020/en/

Anti-slavery. (2017). Slavery in India’s Brick Kilns & the Payment System. Anti-slavery. https://www.antislavery.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Slavery-In-Indias-Brick-Kilns-The-Payment-System.pdf

Arenas, N. R. (2017). La contratación de servicios de cloud computing: movimientos internacionales de datos y gestión de riesgos de privacidad y seguridad [Universidad Complutense de Madrid]. https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/41088/1/T38344.pdf

ARMA International. (n.d.). The Principles Maturity Model. Arma.Org. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.arma.org/page/PrinciplesMaturityModel

Article19. (2023, January 9). Brazil: Protect democracy and carry out a thorough investigation now. ARTICLE 19. https://www.article19.org/

Asamblea General. (2015). Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Naciones Unidas. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ares70d1_es.pdf

Atom. (n.d.). AtoM: Fourni “Access to memory” (accès à la mémoire) depuis 2007. accesstomemory.org. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.accesstomemory.org/fr/

Atom. (n.d.). Users - AtoM wiki. Accesstomemory.Org. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://wiki.accesstomemory.org/wiki/Community/Users

Bachelet, M. (2018, November 14). Human Rights in a New Era - The digital landscape of rights. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2018/11/human-rights-new-era

Bailey, P. (n.d.). The creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Univeralrights.Net. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from http://www.universalrights.net/main/creation.htm

Banisar, D. (2006). Freedom of Information Around the World 2006: A Global Survey of Access to Government Information Laws. Privacy International. http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=1707336

Barrera, G. (2020, February). El derecho al olvido en la jurisprudencia italiana y el Reglamento Europeo de Protección de Datos Personales. Función Pública, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. https://archiverosaefp.org/jornadas-y-congresos/

BBC News. (2004, March 3). French Senate backs headscarf ban. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3531151.stm

BBC News. (2018, December 3). Mexico missing students: New president creates truth commission. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46434700

Beaugé, P. F. (2006, May 29). La Ligue tunisienne des droits de l’homme interdite de tenir son congrès par la police. Le Monde.fr. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2006/05/29/la-ligue-tunisienne-des-droits-de-l-homme-interdite-de-tenir-son-congres-par-la-police_777216_3212.html

Belfiore, M. (2015, November 16). ¿Qué es la diligencia debida? Panorama. https://panorama.ridh.org/que-es-la-diligencia-debida/

Bellier, I. (2020). Peuples autochtones dans le monde. Les enjeux de la reconnaissance. L’Harmattan. https://hal.science/hal-02995655/document

BenarNews. (2017, December 10). Caught On Video, Muslim’s Gory Slaying Angers Indians. Eurasia Review. https://www.eurasiareview.com/10122017-caught-on-video-muslims-gory-slaying-angers-indians/

Beyko, H. (2012, September 19). Fowl Play? A Look into Recent Canadian Reform Efforts for Backyard Chicken Legislation. ABlawg. https://ablawg.ca/2012/09/19/fowl-play-a-look-into-recent-canadian-reform-efforts-for-backyard-chicken-legislation/

Bhattacharya, A., & Tandon, S. (2018, September 6). “History owes an apology”: The key quotes from India’s landmark ruling on gay rights. Quartz. https://qz.com/india/1381551/section-377-india-supreme-courts-judgment-on-gay-rights/

Bingham, L., Harrington Reddy, J., & Köhn, S. (2011). De Jure Statelessness in the Real World: Applying the Prato Summary Conclusions. Open Society Foundations. https://www.justiceinitiative.org/uploads/64e213b2-c15d-495b-bb3f-407e5d9bbebd/prato-statelessness-20110303.pdf

Boel, J., Canavaggio, P., & Quintana, A. G. (2021). Archives and Human Rights (1st edition). Routledge.

Boel, J., & Sutton, D. C. (2018). Archives at risk: addressing a global concern. Comma, 2017(1), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.3828/comma.2017.9

Botero, C. (2013). INFORME ANUAL DE LA COMISIÓN INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS 2012 - Informe Anual 2013. Informe de la Relatoría Especial para la Libertad de Expresión (OEA/Ser.L/V/II.147). Organización de los Estados Americanos. https://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2014/9468.pdf

Callejas, J. T. F., & Dumitriu, P. (2019). Managing cloud computing services in the United Nations system (JIU/REP/2019/5). United Nations. https://www.unjiu.org/sites/www.unjiu.org/files/jiu_rep_2019_5_final.pdf

Camara De Diputados Del H. Congreso De La Union. (2010). Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares. Estados Unidos Mexicanos. https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFPDPPP.pdf

Cameron, D. (2018, February 8). Sacramento Bee Leaks 19.5 Million California Voter Records, Promptly Compromised by Hackers. Gizmodo. https://gizmodo.com/sacramento-bee-leaked-19-5-million-california-voter-rec-1822835127

Caswell, M. (2014). Defining human rights archives: introduction to the special double issue on archives and human rights. Archival Science, 14(3–4), 207–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-014-9226-0

Cesar, J., Grossi, P., Cerantola, A., & February 24 2019, L. D. (2019, February 24). 145 spies - The Secret History of Fiat Brazil’s Internal Espionage Network and Collaboration With the Military Dictatorship. The Intercept. https://theintercept.com/2019/02/25/fiat-brazil-spying-workers-collaborated-dictatorship/

Coker, M. (2018, June 22). How Guardianship Laws Still Control Saudi Women. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/22/world/middleeast/saudi-women-guardianship.html

Collier, P., Chauvet, L., Hegre, H., Elbadawi, I. A., & Mack, A. (2009). The security challenge in conflict-prone countries. In B. Lomborg (Ed.), Global Crises, Global Solutions (2nd ed., pp. 58–125). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807633.003

Conseil International Des Archives (Ed.). (2005). Les archives des ONG: une mémoire à partager. Guide pratique en 60 questions. Conseil International Des Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/ICA_Les-archives-des-ONG_FR.pdf

Consejo de Europa. (2022). La protección de los datos personales | Fichas temáticas sobre la Unión Europea | Parlamento Europeo. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/es/sheet/157/la-proteccion-de-los-datos-personales#:~:text=El%20Convenio%20n.%C2%BA%20108,de%20la%20protecci%C3%B3n%20de%20datos.

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. (2009). CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS CASO ESCHER Y OTROS VS. BRASIL SENTENCIA DE 20 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2009. Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. https://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_208_esp.pdf

Council of Europe. (1978). European convention on the legal status of children born out of wedlock. Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=treaty-detail&treatynum=085

Council of Europe. (2017, January 6). Full text of European Court of Human Rights Decision on the case Kolk and Kislyiy v. Estonia: Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to Crimes against Humanity. Derechos.Org. http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/impu/kolk.html

Deskaheh. (1923). The Redman’s appeal for justice. http://cendoc.docip.org/collect/deskaheh/index/assoc/HASH0102/5e23c4be.dir/R612-11-28075-30626-8.pdf

Dferriero. (2010, September 1). The Nuremberg Laws. National Archives. https://aotus.blogs.archives.gov/2010/09/01/the-nuremberg-laws/

Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea. (2013). Directiva 2013/34/UE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 26 de junio de 2013, sobre los estados financieros anuales, los estados financieros consolidados y otros informes afines de ciertos tipos de empresas, por la que se modifica la Directiva 2006/43/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo y se derogan las Directivas 78/660/CEE y 83/349/CEE del Consejo (Texto pertinente a efectos del EEE). Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea. https://www.boe.es/doue/2013/182/L00019-00076.pdf

Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea. (2014). DIRECTIVA 2014/95/UE DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO Y DEL CONSEJO - de 22 de octubre de 2014 - por la que se modifica la Directiva 2013/34/UE en lo que respecta a la divulgación de información no financiera e información sobre diversidad por parte de determinadas grandes empresas y determinados grupos. Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea. https://www.boe.es/doue/2014/330/L00001-00009.pdf

docip.org. (n.d.). Documents centraux et juridiques, conférences et formations. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://cendoc.docip.org/cgi-bin/library.cgi?e=d-00100-00---off-0cendocdo--00-2----0-10-0---0---0direct-10----4-------0-1l--10-fr-50---20-home-Jos%c3%a9+R%2e+MARTINEZ+%20COBO--00-3-1-00-10--4--0--0-0-01-10-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=cendocdo&cl=CL1.1.5

docip.org. (2022, June 13). Implication des jeunes autochtones et ateliers régionaux d’histoire orale - DOCIP. docip.org. https://www.docip.org/fr/histoire-orale-et-memoire/implication-des-jeunes/

docip.org. (2022, June 13). Information on the 11th UN Forum on Business and Human Rights. Docip.Org. https://www.docip.org/en/our-services-solutions/news/single-news/article/informations-sur-le-11e-forum-sur-les-entreprises-et-les-droits-de-lhomme/

docip.org. (n.d.). Instance permanente sur les questions autochtones - DOCIP. docip.org. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.docip.org/fr/peuples-autochtones-a-lonu/instance-permanente/

docip.org. (n.d.). Mécanisme d’experts sur les droits des peuples autochtones - DOCIP. docip.org. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.docip.org/fr/peuples-autochtones-a-lonu/mecanisme-dexperts/

Duggan, M. (2017, July 11). Online Harassment 2017. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/07/11/online-harassment-2017/

Engelhart, K. (2015, May 11). Exclusive: The UK Has Just Unearthed New “Top Secret” Colonial-Era Government Files. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/pa4e8v/exclusive-the-uk-has-just-unearthed-new-top-secret-colonial-era-government-files

Ernst, P. (1972). Archives in the Ancient World. Harvard University Press. http://files.archivists.org/pubs/free/ArchivesInTheAncientWorld-2003.pdf

ESCR-NET. (n.d.). Red-DESC. Red-DESC. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.escr-net.org/es/inicio

Farrell, B. (2008). Does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Implicitly Guarantee a Right to Habeas Corpus? Human Rights Brief, 16(1), 2–5. https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/vol16/iss1/1/

Feldman, D. (2018). Toward a History of the Term “Anti-Semitism.” The American Historical Review, 123(4), 1139–1150. https://doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhy029

Flores Callejas, J., & Dumitriu. (2019). Gestión de los servicios de computación en la nube en el sistema de las Naciones Unidas (JIU/REP/2019/5). Naciones Unidas. https://www.unjiu.org/sites/www.unjiu.org/files/jiu_rep_2019_5_spanish.pdf

Földes, M. E., & Covaci, A. (2012). Research on Roma health and access to healthcare: state of the art and future challenges. International Journal of Public Health, 57(1), 37–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0312-2

Fouad, A. (2015, August 26). Here comes the ... child bride? Despite legal restrictions, underage marriage persists in rural Egypt - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East. Al-Monitor.Com. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/08/egypt-underage-marriage-wedding-law-officiant-bribery.html

France-Presse, A. (2016, May 3). Saudi Arabia gives women the right to a copy of their marriage contract. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/03/saudi-arabia-gives-women-the-right-to-a-copy-of-their-marriage-contract

Gallagher, A. (2017, December 13). For captured ISIS fighters in Iraq, justice is swift and conviction certain. Yahoo!Life. https://ca.style.yahoo.com/captured-isis-fighters-iraq-justice-swift-conviction-certain-174952840.html

Gavison, R. (2005). Days of Worship and Days of Rest: A View from Israel. Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73357-7_11

Ghosh, P. R. (2012, August 6). Uganda: Forty Years After Idi Amin Expelled Asians. International Business Times. https://www.ibtimes.com/uganda-forty-years-after-idi-amin-expelled-asians-739228

Glendon, M. A. (2002). A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Random House Publishing Group.

Glendon, M. A. (2004). The Rule of Law in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights, 2(1), 1–19. https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=njihr

Global Compact for Migration. (2018). Global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration - final draft. United Nations. https://www.un.org/pga/72/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2018/07/migration.pdf

Gorondi, P., & Testorides, K. (2018, November 20). Macedonia’s fugitive ex-PM says granted asylum in Hungary | AP News. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/europe-hungary-immigration-fugitives-viktor-orban-14572e87176f4bb98971a7cd77201ff3

Grinspan, M. C., Carpenter, M., Ehrt, J., Kara, S., Narrain, A., Patel, P., Sidoti, C., & Tabengwa, M. (2017). The Yogyakarta Principles plus 10: Additional principles and state obligations on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics to complement the Yogyakarta principles. yogyakartaprinciples.org. http://yogyakartaprinciples.org/principles-en/yp10/

Grupo de trabajo sobre el acceso. (2012). Principios de Acceso a los Archivos. Consejo International de Archivos. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/ICA_Access-principles_SP.pdf

Gurciullo, S. (2017, January 30). Safe Havens for Archives at Risk. Literary and Artistic Archives: The Blog of the Section on Literary and Artistic Archives of the International Council on Archives. https://literaryartisticarchives-ica.org/2017/01/30/safe-havens-for-archives-at-risk/

Harris, K. D. (2015). California Transparency in Supply Act. California Department of Justice. https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/sb657/resource-guide.pdf

Hazan, P. (2017, December 11). Was the destruction of Old Mostar Bridge a war crime? JusticeInfo.Net. https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/35714-was-the-destruction-of-old-mostar-bridge-a-war-crime.html

Hellen, C. W. and N. (2017, December 31). Mothers’ names put on wedding certificates. The Times. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mothers-names-put-on-wedding-certificates-g70nk2j2n

Henry, S. L., Abou-Zahra, S., & Brewer, J. (2014). The role of accessibility in a universal web. Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1145/2596695.2596719

Hermández Zubizarreta, J., & Carrión Rabasco, J. (2013). Las empresas transnacionales y los derechos humanos. Cambio social y cooperación en el siglo XXI, 2. http://biblio3.url.edu.gt/PubliED/CambioSyC/8-HernandezCarrion.pdf

Hobbins, A. J. (1995). On the Edge of Greatness, Volume I: The Diaries of John Humphrey, First Director of the United Nations Human Rights Division, Volume I. McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Hoyle, V., Shepherd, E., Flinn, A., & Lomas, E. (2018). Child Social-Care Recording and the Information Rights of Care-Experienced People: A Recordkeeping Perspective. The British Journal of Social Work, 49(7), 1856–1874. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcy115

Hoyle, V., Shepherd, E., Lomas, E., & Flinn, A. (2020). Recordkeeping and the life-long memory and identity needs of care-experienced children and young people. Child & Family Social Work, 25(4), 935–945. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12778

HRWG ICA (Human Rights Working Group - International Council on Archives). (2011, October 26). ICA Human Rights Archives Directory. Archivists Watch. https://thearchivistswatch.wordpress.com/2011/10/26/ica-human-rights-archives-directory/

HRWG ICA (Human Rights Working Group - International Council on Archives). (2016). Principios básicos sobre el papel de archiveros y gestores de documentos en la defensa de los derechos humanos: Documento de trabajo del Consejo Internacional de Archivos. International Council on Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/ICA-HRWG_PrincipiosB%C3%A1sicos_Espa%C3%B1ol_Documento-de-trabajo_Septiembre2016_Espanol.pdf

Human Rights Council. (2007). Resolution 6/36. Expert mechanism on the rights of indigenous peoples. http://cendoc.docip.org/collect/cendocdo/index/assoc/HASH3566/1c581d14.dir/ahrc_res636_all.pdf

Human Rights Defenders. (2010, March 23). Open letter to Spanish judiciary authorities in solidarity with Justice Baltasar Garzón. International Federation for Human Rights. https://www.fidh.org/en/region/europe-central-asia/spain/Open-letter-to-Spanish-judiciary

Human Rights Education Associates. (n.d.). Human Rights Education Associates. Human Rights Education Associates. Retrieved January 13, 2023, from https://hrea.org/

Human Rights First. (2018, December 20). Closing Guantanamo. Human Rights First. https://humanrightsfirst.org/library/closing-guantanamo/

Human Rights Watch. (2018, April 2). Indonesia: Four Arrested for Same-Sex Conduct. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/04/02/indonesia-four-arrested-same-sex-conduct

Human Rights Watch. (2005, October 19). Refworld | Families Torn Apart: The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions. Refworld. https://www.refworld.org/docid/45cb38452.html

Human Rights Watch. (2017, July 24). Thailand: Trafficking Convictions Important Step Forward. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/24/thailand-trafficking-convictions-important-step-forward

HUman Rights Working Group International Council on Archives. (2016). PRINCIPES DE BASE RELATIFS AU ROLE DES ARCHIVISTES ET DES GESTIONNAIRES DE DOCUMENTS POUR LA DEFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME. Conseil International Des Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/2016%2005%20Principes_base_Role_des_Archivistes%20sept%202016_French.pdf

IFLA-ICA. (n.d.). IFLA-ICA Statement on Privacy Legislation and Archiving. Retrieved January 16, 2023, from https://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-ica-statement-on-privacy-legislation-and-archiving/

inform’s blog. (2018, July 3). Case Law, Strasbourg: ML and WW v Germany, Article 8 right to be forgotten and the media – Hugh Tomlinson QC and Aidan Wills. Inforrm’s Blog. https://inforrm.org/2018/07/04/case-law-strasbourg-ml-and-ww-v-germany-article-8-right-to-be-forgotten-and-the-media-hugh-tomlinson-qc-and-aidan-wills/

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. (n.d.). American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. CIDH.OAS.Org. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.cidh.oas.org/Basicos/English/Basic2.American%20Declaration.htm

International Council on Archives. (n.d.). About CITRA. International Council on Archives. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.ica.org/en/about-citra-0

International Council on Archives. (n.d.). Archives are Accessible - Search the Map. International Council on Archives. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.ica.org/en/what-archive/archives-are-accessible-search-the-map

International Council on Archives. (2016). Basic Principles on the role of Archivists and Records Managers in support of Human Rights. International Council on Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/ICA%20HRWG%20Basic%20Principles_endorsed%20by%20PCOM_2016_Sept_English.pdf

International Council on Archives. (1996). Code of Ethics. International Council on Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/ICA_1996-09-06_code%20of%20ethics_EN.pdf

International Council on Archives. (2019). Guiding Principles for Safe Havens for Archives at Risk. International Council on Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/guiding_principles_for_safe_havens_for_archives_at_risk_copyright_creative_commons_cc_by_nc_4.0_ica.pdf

International Council on Archives. (2012). Principles of Access to Archives. International Council on Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/ICA_Access-principles_EN.pdf

International Council on Archives. (n.d.). The Archives and Records are Accessible. International Council on Archives. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.ica.org/en/the-archives-and-records-are-accessible

International Council on Archives. (n.d.). Who is an archivist? Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.ica.org/en/discover-archives-and-our-profession

International Council on Human Rights. (1999). Taking Duties Seriously: Individual Duties in International Human Rights Law. International Council on Human Rights. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/taking-duties-seriously-individual-duties-international-human-rights-law

International Criminal Court. (n.d.). Al Mahdi Case - The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi ICC-01/12-01/15. International Criminal Court. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.icc-cpi.int/mali/al-mahdi

International Federation for Human Rights. (2010). Women’s Rights in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). International Federation for Human Rights. https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/UAE_summaryreport_for_CEDAW.pdf

International Institute of Social History. (n.d.). International Institute of Social History. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://iisg.amsterdam/en

International Labour Office. (1920). The Labour Provisions of the Peace Treaties. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1920/20B09_18_engl.pdf

Internet Rights & Principles Coalition. (2022). Internet Rights and Principles Dynamic Coalition (UN Internet Governance Forum). Internet Rights and Principles Coalition. https://internetrightsandprinciples.org/

Iqbal, S. (2018). Women, Business and the Law 2018 (No. 125804). World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/926401524803880673/women-business-and-the-law-2018

ISO. (2010, February). ISO/TS 21547:2010 - Health informatics — Security requirements for archiving of electronic health records — Principles. ISO. https://www.iso.org/standard/44479.html

Judt, T. (2006). Postguerra: Una historia de Europa desde 1945. Taurus. https://www.academia.edu/41138038/JUDT_Tony_P%C3%B3s_guerra_uma_hist%C3%B3ria_da_europa_desde_1945_pdf

Kapferer, S. (2008). Article 14(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Exclusion from International Refugee Protection. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 27(3), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdn045

Kara, S. (2018, September 18). To anyone who uses a smartphone, drives an electric car or flies on a plane. News.Trust.Org. https://news.trust.org/item/20180918134734-kqc8m/

Kershner, I. (2011, May 3). Property Lost in Holocaust Is Cataloged Online. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/03/world/middleeast/03holocaust.html

Khashoggi, J. (2019, December 2). Jamal Khashoggi case: All the latest updates. Aljazeera.Com. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/2/12/jamal-khashoggi-case-all-the-latest-updates

KL News Network. (2017, April 7). Jammu Chamber to launch ‘Identify & Kill’ campaign against Rohingya refugees. Kashmir Life. https://kashmirlife.net/jammu-chamber-to-launch-identify-kill-campaign-against-rohingya-refugees-137095/

Lanza, E. (2017). Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2016 - Informe Anual 2016 (OEA/Ser.L/V/II). OAS. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/expression/docs/reports/annual/AnnualReport2016RELE.pdf

Lasco, C. (2002). Virginity Testing in Turkey: A Violation of Women’s Human Rights. Human Rights Brief, 9(3), 10–13.

Lauren, P. G. (2011). The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen (3rd ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46nqdn

Le Monde. (2004, June 22). Les archives contre l’oubli, par Perrine Canavaggio et Louis Joinet. Le Monde.fr. https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/2004/06/22/les-archives-contre-l-oubli-par-perrine-canavaggio-et-louis-joinet_369987_1819218.html

Lühe, U., & Ledauphin, R. (2020). From the forerunners of document collection to the trial of Klaus Barbie and beyond: the transitional justice journey of the Izieu telegram. The International Journal of Human Rights, 2021(3), 440–466. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/13642987.2020.1794842?needAccess=true&role=button

Maifeld, S. (2019, May 21). Adventures in archives: An interview with Trudy Huskamp Peterson. Link Magazine. https://link.las.iastate.edu/2019/05/21/adventures-in-archives/

Malik, H. C. (2000). The Challenge of Human Rights – CHARLES MALIK and the Universal Declaration. The Centre for Lebanese Studies and I B Tauris & Co Ltd. https://lebanesestudies.com/publications/the-challenge-of-human-rights-charles-malik-and-the-universal-declaration/

Marino, C. B. (2010). Annual report of the Inter-American commission on human rights 2009. Report of the special rapporteur for freedom of expression. (OEA/Ser.L/V/II). Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. http://www.cidh.org/pdf%20files/Annual%20Report%202009.pdf

Marks, S. P. (1998). From the “Single Confused Page” to the “Decalogue for Six Billion Persons”: The Roots of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the French Revolution. Human Rights Quarterly, 20(3), 459–514. https://www.jstor.org/stable/762777

Mehra, A. (2015). Más allá del comienzo: el movimiento por los Planes Nacionales de Acción en materia de empresas y derechos humanos. Aportes DHLF, 20(8). https://www.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r35398.pdf

Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. (n.d.). Plan national d’action pour la mise en œuvre des principes directeurs des Nations unies relatifs aux droits de l’Homme et aux entreprises. France Diplomatie - Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/politique-etrangere-de-la-france/droits-de-l-homme/entreprises-et-droits-de-l-homme/article/plan-national-d-action-pour-la-mise-en-oeuvre-des-principes-directeurs-des

Ministerio de Cultura. (2002). Directrices para proyectos de digitalización de colecciones y fondos de dominio público, en particular para aquellos custodiados en bibliotecas y archivos. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. https://www.ifla.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/assets/preservation-and-conservation/publications/digitization-projects-guidelines-es.pdf

Moore, H., & Frey, L. (2018, July 13). Anti-fascists won’t let Germany return to normal after weak verdict in neo-Nazi trial. Waging Nonviolence. https://wagingnonviolence.org/2018/07/anti-fascists-germany-neo-nazi-nsu-trial/

Morsink, J. (2018). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Challenge of Religion. University of Missouri Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csy009

Morsink, J. (1999). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and Intent. University of Pennsylvania Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhrpm

Mugo, J. (2010, July 19). Can labour officials seize records from your office? Business Daily. https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/can-labour-officials-seize-records-from-your-office--1966122

Mute, L. M. (2019). Declaration of principles on freedom of expression and access to Information in Africa. African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. https://www.achpr.org/public/Document/file/English/Declaration%20of%20Principles%20on%20Freedom%20of%20Expression_ENG_2019.pdf

N.C. Justice for Sterilization. (2010). JFS Brochure. N.C. Justice for Sterilization. https://files.nc.gov/ncdoa/JSV/JS-brochure.pdf

Naciones Unidas. (1946). Prerrogativas e Inmunidades de las Naciones Unidas. Naciones Unidas. https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2022-09/convencion_sobre_prerrogativas_e_inmunidades_naciones_unidas_1946.pdf

Naciones Unidas. (1947). Privilegios e Inmunidades de los Organismos Especializados. Naciones Unidas. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/legprot/en/f?p=2200:52:6363661931588::NO:52:P52_CONTENT_REPOSITORY_ID,P52_FORMAT:102102,BINARY:NO#:~:text=Los%20organismos%20especializados%20tendr%C3%A1n%20derecho,co%2D%20%D0%9Feos%20y%20valijas%20diplom%C3%A1ticos.

Naciones Unidas Derechos Humanos. (2011). Principios Rectores Sobre las Empresas y los Derechos Humanos: Puesta en Práctica del marco de las Naciones Unidas para “proteger, Respetar y Remediar.” United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/3b7fe68b-es

Nader, Z., & Mashal, M. (2017, January 6). Despite Ban, Invasive Virginity Tests Remain Prevalent in Afghanistan [Newspaper]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/world/asia/despite-ban-invasive-virginity-tests-remain-prevalent-in-afghanistan.html

National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. (n.d.). TRC Website. NCTR.Ca. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://nctr.ca/about/history-of-the-trc/trc-website/, https://nctr.ca/about/history-of-the-trc/trc-website/

National Security Archive. (2018, December 21). The Chiquita 13: Profiles of Banana Officials Accused of Crimes Against Humanity. National Security Archive. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/colombia-chiquita-papers/2018-12-21/chiquita-13-profiles-banana-officials-accused-crimes-against-humanity

Nations Unies. (n.d.). Droits d’auteur © Organisation des Nations Unies. UN.org. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.un.org/fr/about-us/copyright

Nations Unies. (2005). Le droit à la vérité - Résolution de la Commission des droits de l’homme 2005/66. Nations Unies.

Nations Unies. (2011). Principes directeurs relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l’homme: Mise en oeuvre du cadre de référence “Protéger, Respecter et Réparer” des Nations Unies. Nations Unies. https://doi.org/10.18356/0a3891d9-fr

Necessary & Proportionate. (2013). International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance. Necessary & Proportionate. https://www.eff.org/files/necessaryandproportionatefinal.pdf

News Wires. (2018, October 23). UN panel condemns French ban on full-face veils as violation of human rights. France 24. https://www.france24.com/en/20181023-france-un-ban-full-veil-human-rights

News24. (2018, November 13). German bank caught in DRC colonial land dispute. News24. https://www.news24.com/news24/german-bank-caught-in-drc-colonial-land-dispute-20181112

Newshub. (2018, August 31). Revealed: The New Zealand employers caught exploiting workers. Newshub. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2018/08/revealed-the-new-zealand-employers-caught-exploiting-workers.html

Nobelprize.org. (n.d.). The Nobel Peace Prize 2018. NobelPrize.Org. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2018/murad/facts/

Normand, R., & Zaidi, S. (2008). Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice. Indiana University Press.

OECD. (2013). Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264202436-es

OEIGWG. (2021). Legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/LBI3rdDRAFT.pdf

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2000). Establishment of a Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/22. United Nations. http://cendoc.docip.org/collect/cendocdo/index/assoc/HASH5c04.dir/eres_0022_all.pdf

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2018, November 9). Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 70: 30 Articles on 30 Articles. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/11/universal-declaration-human-rights-70-30-articles-30-articles

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (Ed.). (2008). The Right to Health. World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004502758_044

OHCHR. (n.d.). El Consejo de Derechos Humanos. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/AboutUs/CivilSociety/Chapter_5_sp.pdf

OHCHR. (n.d.). National action plans on business and human rights. OHCHR. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/wg-business/national-action-plans-business-and-human-rights

OHCHR. (2007). UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/en/indigenous-peoples/un-declaration-rights-indigenous-peoples

Orentlicher, D. (2005). Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (Report of the Independent Expert to Update the Set of Principles to Combat Impunity E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1). United Nations - Economic and Social Council.

Organisation Internationale du Travail. (1957). Convention C107 - Convention (n° 107) relative aux populations aborigènes et tribales, 1957. ilo.org. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/fr/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C107

Organisation Internationale du Travail. (1989). Convention C169 - Convention (n° 169) relative aux peuples indigènes et tribaux, 1989. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/fr/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C169

Osterath, O. (2017, February 5). Identifying Nazi victims from brain slides. Dw.Com. https://www.dw.com/en/german-research-organization-to-identify-nazi-victims-that-ended-up-as-brain-slides/a-38664332

Outright International. (n.d.). Our Purpose - Outright International. Outrightinternational.Org. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://outrightinternational.org/about-us/our-purpose

overcomingapartheid.msu.edu. (n.d.). South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/multimedia.php?id=65-259-3.102

Parliament of Australia. (n.d.). Home - Parliament of Australia. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.aph.gov.au/

PBS News Hour. (2014, April 29). Who owns the Jewish treasures that were hidden in Saddam Hussein’s basement? PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/stolen-treasures-iraqi-jewish-community

Pearson, A. (2017, November 16). Court rules airline can ban Israeli passengers. Dw.Com. https://www.dw.com/en/kuwait-airways-can-bar-israeli-passengers-german-court-rules/a-41414435

Peterson, T. H. (2018). Proof. Informatio, 23(1), 6–33.

Peterson, T. H. (2013). Securing Police Archives. A Guide for Practitioners. Swisspeace. https://www.swisspeace.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Media/Publications/Essentials/Essential_2_2013_Peterson_Securing_Police_Archives_A_Guide_for_Practitioners_2013.pdf

Peterson, T. H. (2018). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: An archival commentary. International Council on Archives – Human Rights Working Group. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/the_universal_declaration_of_human_rights_an_archival_commentary.pdf

Peterson, T. H. (n.d.). Trudy Huskamp Peterson. Trudy Huskamp Peterson. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.trudypeterson.com

Peterson, T. H., & Baumgartner, E. (2017). Mapping Archives for Dealing with the Past Processes. Swisspeace. https://www.swisspeace.ch/assets/publications/downloads/Essentials/aa575a6037/Mapping-Archives-for-Dealing-with-the-Past-Processes-Essential-17-swisspeace.pdf

Pretel, G. B. (2018). La gestión del documento electrónico. Wolters Kluwer. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=730005

Property Rights Alliance. (n.d.). International Property Rights Index 2022. Property Rights Alliance. Retrieved January 13, 2023, from http://www.internationalpropertyrightsindex.org

Publico. (2013, May 10). Ya son más de mil los muertos por el derrumbe de Bangladesh. publico.es. https://www.publico.es/internacional/ya-son-mas-mil-muertos.html

Putinja, I. (2018, June 29). How Tunisia is finally embracing its Berber culture. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/africa/tunisia-berber-villages-heritage-traditional-culture-tamezret-toujane-a8417791.html

Quintana, A. G. (1997). Archives of the security services of former repressive regimes - UNESCO Digital Library. Unesco. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000140074

Quintana, A. G. (1999). Los archivos de la seguridad del Estado de los desaparecidos regímenes. foroporlamemoria.info. https://www.foroporlamemoria.info/excavaciones/archivos_represion.htm

Quintana, A. G. (2008). POLÍTICAS ARCHIVÍSTICAS PARA LA DEFENSA DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS. Consejo Internacional de Archivos. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/politicas_archivisticas_para_la_defensa_de_los_derechos_humanos_0.pdf

Quintana, A. G. (2009). POLITIQUES ARCHIVISTIQUES POUR LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME. Conseil International des Archives. https://www.ica.org/sites/default/files/Politique_defense_droit_de_homme_FR.pdf

Quintana, A. G., Palacios, B. B., Serrano, F. V., & Hernández, L. B. (2018). Los archivos en los Principios Ruggie y otros instrumentos internacionales contra las violaciones de derechos humanos en el mundo de los negocios. Informatio. Revista del Instituto de Información de la Facultad de Información y Comunicación, 23(1), 34–80. https://informatio.fic.edu.uy/index.php/informatio/article/view/205

Ramadani, D., & Morina, D. (2018, October 25). Kosovo Courts Try 111 War Suspects Since 1999. Balkan Insight. https://balkaninsight.com/2018/10/25/111-accused-for-war-crimes-in-kosovo-during-1999-2018-10-25-2018/

Red de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información. (n.d.). Red de transparencia y acceso a la información. Red de transparencia y acceso a la información. Retrieved January 17, 2023, from https://redrta.org/

Refugees, U. N. H. C. for. (2018). The global compact on refugees: UNHCR Quick Guide. The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR). https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/5b6d574a7/global-compact-refugees-unhcr-quick-guide.html

Reuters. (2018, August 23). European rights court says Hungary must feed asylum seekers on border. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-hungary-food-idUSKCN1L81R8

Rodriguez, M. A., & García, R. (2013). First, Do No Harm: The US Sexually Transmitted Disease Experiments in Guatemala. American Journal of Public Health, 103(12), 2122–2126. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301520

ROMEA. (2018, March 8). Czech and Slovak Victims of Coercive Sterilization Await Justice. Romea.Cz - Vše o Romech Na Jednom Místě. https://romea.cz/en/world/czech-and-slovak-victims-of-coercive-sterilization-await-justice/

Roston, E. (2018, November 27). Climate Change Deniers Are Blocking Progress, UN Report Suggests for First Time. Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-27/climate-change-deniers-are-blocking-progress-un-report-suggests

Roth, H. I. (2016). P. C. Chang and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. University of Pennsylvania Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv16t6jq2

Ryan, E. M. (2014). Identifying Culturally Sensitive American Indian Material in a Non-tribal Institution. Society of American Archivists.

Schengenvisa. (n.d.). The Schengen Agreement. SchengenVisaInfo.Com. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/schengen-agreement/

Schreck, A. (2016, July 17). Bahrain court orders main Shiite opposition group dissolved. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/37086300d45e4e3aa3995e651d3c290b

Schreck, A., & Tang, D. (2017, July 18). Wife of Princeton researcher held in Iran urges his release. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/18cbfc7bf38d4890bccdddce7fc490b2

Shepherd, E., Hoyle, V., Lomas, E., Flinn, A., & Sexton, A. (2020). Towards a human-centred participatory approach to child social care recordkeeping. Archival Science, 20(4), 307–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-020-09338-9

Srivastava, R. (2017, October 10). Indian child brides sold in “package deals” to Gulf men. News.Trust.Org. https://news.trust.org/item/20171010114553-kz0cq/

Sterritt, A., & Dufresne, M. (2018, February 1). “Canadians would be shocked”: Survivors describe treatment at Nanaimo Indian Hospita. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/canadians-would-be-shocked-survivors-lawyers-describe-treatment-at-nanaimo-indian-hospital-1.4513476

Suri, M. (2018, September 26). Aadhaar: India Supreme Court upholds controversial biometric database | CNN. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/26/asia/india-aadhaar-ruling-intl/index.html

Sutton, D. (2018, March 3). ICARUS and EURBICA joint conference, Trogir, Croatia. Literary and Artistic Archives: The Blog of the Section on Literary and Artistic Archives of the International Council on Archives. https://literaryartisticarchives-ica.org/2018/03/03/icarus-and-eurbica-joint-conference/

Swisspeace. (2012). A Conceptual Framework for Dealing with the Past - Holism in Principle and Practice. Swisspeace. https://www.swisspeace.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Media/Publications/DwP_Conceptual_Framework_October2012.pdf

Swisspeace. (n.d.). Archives & Dealing with the Past. Archives and Dealing with the Past. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.archives.swisspeace.ch/en/

swisspeace.ch. (n.d.). Safe Havens for Archives at Risk Initiative. Swisspeace.Ch. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.swisspeace.ch/projects/mandate/safe-havens-for-archives-at-risk

swisspeace.ch. (n.d.). Swiss Peace. Swisspeace. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.swisspeace.ch/

Tawfeek, F. (2018, November 21). Child marriage in Egypt reaches 117,000 children: CAPMAS. Egypt Independent. https://egyptindependent.com/child-marriage-in-egypt-reaches-117000-children-capmas/

Taylor, H. R. (2018, July 31). US court hears case against Germany over Namibia genocide. Aljazeera.Com. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/7/31/us-court-hears-case-against-germany-over-namibia-genocide

Tchekmedyian, A. (2018, January 27). These twins were born 4 minutes apart. But only one is a U.S. citizen. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-twins-citizenship-20180127-story.html

Telesurenglish.net. (2018, July 14). Chile: Investigators Pursue Sexual Abuse Cases in Rectory Raids. Telesurenglish.Net. https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Chile-Investigators-Pursue-Sexual-Abuse-Cases-in-Rectory-Raids-20180714-0014.html

The Associated Press. (1992, September 13). World Court Settles a Latin Border Dispute. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/13/world/world-court-settles-a-latin-border-dispute.html

The Dag Hammarskjold Library of the United Nations. (n.d.). Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved January 10, 2023, from https://research.un.org/en/undhr/draftingcommittee

The Economist. (2018, November 8). A scientist makes the case for the power of DNA. The Economist. https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2018/11/08/a-scientist-makes-the-case-for-the-power-of-dna

The Economist. (2015, September 29). Why trade unions are declining. The Economist. https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2015/09/29/why-trade-unions-are-declining

The Herald. (2010, January 1). Unearthed: journal gives eye witness account of slavery. HeraldScotland. https://www.heraldscotland.com/default_content/12605819.unearthed-journal-gives-eye-witness-account-slavery/

The National Archives of Finland. (2018, December 14). The Executive Board of the ICA endorsed “Guiding Principles for Safe Havens for Archives at Risk” - National Archives of Finland. Arkisto.Fi. https://arkisto.fi/news/2266/3728/The-Executive-Board-of-the-ICA-endorsed-Guiding-Principles-for-Safe-Havens-for-Archives-at-Risk/d,ajankohtaista-en

The Parliament of the United Kingdom. (2015). Modern Slavery Act 2015. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/101872/122969/F-582414503/GBR101872.pdf

The UN Refugee Agency. (2022, June 16). Figures at a Glance. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html

U.H.Rights Law. (n.d.). U.H.Rights Law. U.H.Rights. Retrieved January 13, 2023, from https://www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/

UN Environment programme. (2018, November 27). Nations must triple efforts to reach 2°C target, concludes annual review of global emissions, climate action. UN Environment. http://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/nations-must-triple-efforts-reach-2degc-target-concludes-annual

UN Women. (n.d.). Women’s Land & Property Rights. UN Women – Asia-Pacific. Retrieved January 13, 2023, from https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/focus-areas/women-poverty-economics/women-s-land-property-rights

UNDP. (n.d.). Los ODS en Acción. ¿Qué son los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible? UNDP. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.undp.org/es/sustainable-development-goals

Unesco. (2017). Commission suisse pour l’UNESCO. UNESCO. https://www.unesco.ch/fr/comunication/memoire-du-monde/francais-declarations-faites-par-les-peuples-autochtones-aux-nations-unies/

Unesco. (1999). Guide to the archives of intergovernmental organizations. Unesco. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000115937

Unesco. (2020, February 28). La Décennie des langues autochtones 2022-2032 sera axée sur les droits fondamentaux de leurs utilisateurs. UNESCO. https://fr.unesco.org/news/decennie-langues-autochtones-2022-2032-sera-axee-droits-fondamentaux-leurs-utilisateurs

Unesco. (n.d.). Mémoire du monde. Unesco. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.unesco.org/fr/memory-world

Unesco. (n.d.). Right to Information. Unesco. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.unesco.org/en/right-information

Unesco. (2017, March 24). UN Security Council adopts historic resolution for the protection of heritage. UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/news/security-council-adopts-historic-resolution-protection-heritage

UNHabitat. (n.d.). The Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements: From the report of Habitat - United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, Vancouver, Canada, 31 May to 11 June 1976 | UN-Habitat. Unhabitat.Org. Retrieved January 13, 2023, from https://unhabitat.org/the-vancouver-declaration-on-human-settlements-from-the-report-of-habitat-united-nations-conference-on-human-settlements-vancouver-canada-31-may-to-11-june-1976

Unicef. (n.d.). Birth registration. UNICEF DATA. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/birth-registration/

United Nations. (1987, June 26). Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-against-torture-and-other-cruel-inhuman-or-degrading

United Nations. (1962, November 7). Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-consent-marriage-minimum-age-marriage-and

United Nations. (1979, December 18). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women New York, 18 December 1979. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women

United Nations. (1957). Convention on the Nationality of Married Women. United Nations. https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1958/08/19580811%2001-34%20AM/Ch_XVI_2p.pdf

United Nations. (2006, December 13). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-persons-disabilities

United Nations. (2022, May 6). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). United Nations. https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html

United Nations. (1992, December 18). Declaration on the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/declaration-protection-all-persons-enforced-disappearance

United Nations. (n.d.). El Pacto Mundial de la ONU: La Búsqueda de Soluciones para Retos Globales. United Nations. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.un.org/es/cr%C3%B3nica-onu/el-pacto-mundial-de-la-onu-la-b%C3%BAsqueda-de-soluciones-para-retos-globales

United Nations. (2016, April 27). General comment No. 23 (2016) on the right to just and favourable conditions of work (article 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights). OHCHR. https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1a0Szab0oXTdImnsJZZVQfoUYY19kME5pOqRbao%2BukB1Kzn1MMnQL24FFvtIIdk%2F%2FR%2FF0GthE%2BTiGSATb%2BUa3WMs0%2F%2BfVfQFg02%2BY%2FTVuqU

United Nations. (n.d.). General Comment on the right to recognition as a person before the law in the context of enforced disappearances. OHCHR. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/declaration-protection-all-persons-enforced-disappearance

United Nations. (2010, December 23). International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-convention-protection-all-persons-enforced

United Nations. (1990, December 18). International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-convention-protection-rights-all-migrant-workers

United Nations. (1966, December 16). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights

United Nations. (1966, December 16). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. OHCHR. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights

United Nations. (2013). Judgement Volume 2 of 6. United Nations. https://www.icty.org/x/cases/prlic/tjug/en/130529-2.pdf

United Nations. (n.d.). Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General. United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved January 11, 2023, from https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ParticipationStatus.aspx?clang=_en

United Nations. (2003). Responsabilidad de las empresas transnacionales y otras empresas comerciales en la esfera de los derechos humanos. United Nations. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2003/12/Rev.2 Disponible en. http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/S/SUBCOM/resolutions/ E-CN_4-SUB_2-RES-2003-16.doc

United Nations. (1949). Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Questions. In Yearbook of the United Nations 1948-49 (pp. 524–665). United Nations.

United Nations. (n.d.). Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery. OHCHR. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-slavery

United Nations. (n.d.). Special Rapporteur on the right to education. OHCHR. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-education

United Nations. (n.d.). The United Nations and Decolonization. United Nations. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en

United Nations. (2018, December 3). UN: War’s Impact on People with Disabilities. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/12/03/un-wars-impact-people-disabilities

United Nations. (n.d.). UN Web TV. Media.Un.Org. Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://media.un.org/en/webtv/

United Nations. (1948, December 10). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

United Nations. (2018). Women who shaped the Universal Declaration. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/events/humanrightsday/women-who-shaped-the-universal-declaration.shtml

United Nations Association of Philadelphia. (n.d.). The Sustainable Development Goals 2015 – 2030. United Nations Association of Philadelphia. Retrieved January 13, 2023, from https://una-gp.org/the-sustainable-development-goals-2015-2030/

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (1993). CCPR General Comment No. 22: Article 18 (Freedom of Thought, Conscience or Religion). UN Human Rights Committee (HRC). https://www.refworld.org/docid/453883fb22.html

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2010). Expert Meeting - The Concept of Stateless Persons under International Law - Summary Conclusions. United Nations. https://www.unhcr.org/4cb2fe326.pdf

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2002). Montréal Principles on Women’s Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. International Federation for Human Rights. https://www.refworld.org/docid/46f1462e0.html

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2016). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 September 2016 (A/RES/71/1). United Nations. https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/57e39d987/new-york-declaration-refugees-migrants.html

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2022, October). Rohingya emergency. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/rohingya-emergency.html

United Nations Human Rights. (2010). Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/Minorities/Booklet_Minorities_English.pdf

United Nations Human Rights. (2011). Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/GuidingPrinciplesBusinessHR_EN.pdf

United Nations Human Rights. (2013). Human Rights Indicators: A Guide to Measurement and Implementation. United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/58576336-en

United Nations Human Rights. (n.d.). Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression. OHCHR. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-freedom-of-opinion-and-expression

United Nations Human Rights. (n.d.). Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances. OHCHR. Retrieved January 12, 2023, from https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/wg-disappearances

United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. (2003, December 3). Three Media Leaders convicted for Genocide. United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals. https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/three-media-leaders-convicted-genocide

United Nations Peacekeeping. (n.d.). Where we operate. United Nations Peacekeeping. Retrieved January 14, 2023, from https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/where-we-operate

United Nations Population Fund. (2018, January). About us. United Nations Population Fund. https://www.unfpa.org/about-us

United Organisation for Batwa Development in Uganda, Mount Elgon Benet Indigenous Ogiek Group, Coalition of Pastoralist Civil Society Organisations, & The Forest Peoples Programme. (2015). Indigenous peoples in Uganda: a review of the human rights situation of the Batwa People, the Benet People and Pastoralist Communities [Submitted to the 55th session of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]. United Organisation for Batwa Development in Uganda (UOBDU). http://www.forestpeoples.org/sites/fpp/files/publication/2015/05/080515-alternative-ngo-report-cescr-uganda.pdf

United States Court of Appeals. (2014). UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT - Docket No. 14‐42‐cv ACLU v. Clapper. United States Court of Appeals. https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/field_document/clapper-ca2-opinion.pdf

Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities. (1999). Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities. Universaldeclarationofhumanresponsibilities.Info. http://www.universaldeclarationofhumanresponsibilities.info/

Valencia, F., & Milenio, T. (2002). DECLARATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND HUMAN DUTIES. Globalization.Icaap.Org. https://globalization.icaap.org/content/v2.2/declare.html

Veen, C. van. (2018, May 18). Artificial Intelligence: What’s Human Rights Got To Do With It? Medium. https://points.datasociety.net/artificial-intelligence-whats-human-rights-got-to-do-with-it-4622ec1566d5

Villarino Marzo, J. (2017). La privacidad en el entorno del Cloud computing. Universitat Abat Oliba CEU. https://www.tesisenred.net/bitstream/handle/10803/456904/Tjvm.pdf

Vlajin, B. (2018, May 18). What You Need To Know About Cloud Laws and Regulations. Cloudwards. https://www.cloudwards.net/what-you-need-to-know-about-cloud-laws-regulations/

Walne, P. (1988). Dictionary of archival terminology: English and French, with equivalents in Dutch/German/Italian/Russian and Spanish (2nd ed.). International Council on Archives. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000061646

Waltz, S. (2001). Universalizing Human Rights: The Role of Small States in the Construction of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human Rights Quarterly, 23(1), 44–72. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4489323

Willcox, S. (2012). A Rising Tide: The Implications of Climate Change Inundation for Human Rights and State Sovereignty. Essex Human Rights Review, 9(1). https://biblioteca.corteidh.or.cr/tablas/r29029.pdf

Winter, J., & Prost, A. (2013). René Cassin and Human Rights: From the Great War to the Universal Declaration (2nd ed. edition). Cambridge University Press.

Wyman, M. (1998). DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons, 1945–51. Cornell University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctvrf8cc9

Yale Law School. (1789, August 26). Avalon Project - Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/rightsof.asp

yria Justice and Accountability Centre. (2018). Return is a Dream: Options for Post-Conflict Property Restitution in Syria, Washington. yria Justice and Accountability Centre. https://syriaaccountability.org/return-is-a-dream-options-for-post-conflict-property-restitution-in-syria/