¡Basta ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (¡Basta ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad, 2012)
El informe recoge las reflexiones más sobresalientes tras siete años de investigación en distintas regiones del país y la publicación de 20 informes sobre casos específicos. Es una apuesta narrativa con la que el Grupo pretende visibilizar las voces de las víctimas en la construcción de un relato nacional sobre la historia del conflicto.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Protocolo de gestión documental de los archivos referidos a las graves y manifiestas violaciones a los derechos humanos, e infracciones al derecho internacional humanitario, ocurridas con ocasión del conflicto armado interno - Archivo General De La Nación; Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (CENTRO NACIONAL DE MEMORIA HISTÓRICA, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

My Life as a Spy: Investigations in a Secret Police File - Verdery, Katherine (Duke Univ Pr, 2018)
As Katherine Verdery observes, "There's nothing like reading your secret police file to make you wonder who you really are." In 1973 Verdery began her doctoral fieldwork in the Transylvanian region of Romania, ruled at the time by communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. She returned several times over the next twenty-five years, during which time the secret police–the Securitate–compiled a massive surveillance file on her. Reading through its 2,781 pages, she learned that she was "actually" a spy, a CIA agent, a Hungarian agitator, and a friend of dissidents: in short, an enemy of Romania. In My Life as a Spy she analyzes her file alongside her original field notes and conversations with Securitate officers. Verdery also talks with some of the informers who were close friends, learning the complex circumstances that led them to report on her, and considers how fieldwork and spying can be easily confused. Part memoir, part detective story, part anthropological analysis, My Life as a Spy offers a personal account of how government surveillance worked during the Cold War and how Verdery experienced living under it.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Observers Observed: An Anthropologist under Surveillance - Verdery, Katherine (Anthropology Now, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Tismaneanu Report: Romania Revisits Its Past - Tanasoiu, Cosmina (Problems of Post-Communism, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Truth Commissions in Post-Communism: The Overlooked Solution? - Stan, Lavinia (The Open Political Science Journal, 2009)
Despite their increased popularity in Latin America, Africa and Asia, truth commissions have remained an overlooked solution to coming to terms with the recent human rights abuses perpetrated in communist Europe. Since the start of the democratization process in the early 1990s, only Germany, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and Romania have employed truth commissions as methods to reckon with communist crimes. These five commissions share important similarities and differences in terms of their organizational structure, goals, activity, and efficacy. The scarcity of truth commissions in post-communist Europe is explained by the nature of communist repression, the legitimacy of the communist regime as a home-grown versus an externally-imposed political set of institutions and practices, and the use of lustration and access to secret files as methods to obtain truth, justice and reconciliation in posttotalitarian times.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: Reckoning with the communist past - Stan, Lavinia (Routledge, 2010)
During the last two decades, the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have attempted to address the numerous human rights abuses that characterized the decades of communist rule. This book examines the main processes of transitional justice that permitted societies in those countries to come to terms with their recent past. It explores lustration, the banning of communist officials and secret political police officers and informers from post-communist politic, ordinary citizens’ access to the remaining archives compiled on them by the communist secret police, as well as trials and court proceedings launched against former communist officials and secret agents for their human rights trespasses. Individual chapters explore the progress of transitional justice in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Slovenia and the successor states of the former Soviet Union. The chapters explain why different countries have employed different models to come to terms with their communist past; assess each country’s relative successes and failures; and probe the efficacy of country-specific legislation to attain the transitional justice goals for which it was developed. The book draws together the country cases into a comprehensive comparative analysis of the determinants of post-communist transitional justice, that will be relevant not only to scholars of post-communist transition, but also to anyone interested in transitional justice in other contexts.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

German Comedy: Scenes of Life after the Wall - Schneider, Peter (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justice and Reconciliation: After the Violence - Rigby, Andrew (Lynne Rienner Pub, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Recuperative memory in Romanian post-Communist society - Mitroiu, Simona (Nationalities Papers, 2016)
This paper explores the idea of “recuperative memory” with respect to the process of coming to terms with the past after the fall of the Romanian Communist regime in 1989. Its method is to examine the mechanisms used by recuperative memory in order to re-appropriate the past and emphasize the inherently mediated and multifaceted nature of this process. Using various examples from oral testimonies, autobiographical writings, literary works, and cinema, the paper argues that the role of recuperative memory is not only to facilitate the process of coming to terms with the past, but also to offer the material necessary to sustain a viable politics of memory. This entails providing a platform for the intergenerational transmission of memory and knowledge for those who did not live under the Communist regime, filling in this way the intergenerational gap, despite the lack of political class engagement.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Ethics of Memory - Margalit, Avishai (Harvard University Press, 2004)
Much of the intense current interest in collective memory concerns the politics of memory. In a book that asks, "Is there an ethics of memory?" Avishai Margalit addresses a separate, perhaps more pressing, set of concerns. The idea he pursues is that the past, connecting people to each other, makes possible the kinds of "thick" relations we can call truly ethical. Thick relations, he argues, are those that we have with family and friends, lovers and neighbors, our tribe and our nation–and they are all dependent on shared memories. But we also have "thin" relations with total strangers, people with whom we have nothing in common except our common humanity. A central idea of the ethics of memory is that when radical evil attacks our shared humanity, we ought as human beings to remember the victims. Margalit's work offers a philosophy for our time, when, in the wake of overwhelming atrocities, memory can seem more crippling than liberating, a force more for revenge than for reconciliation. Morally powerful, deeply learned, and elegantly written, The Ethics of Memory draws on the resources of millennia of Western philosophy and religion to provide us with healing ideas that will engage all of us who care about the nature of our relations to others.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Romania: Bottom of the Heap - Judt, Tony (The New York Review, 2001)
The February 2000 issue of the Bucharest men's magazine Plai cu Boi features one Princess Brianna Caradja. Variously clad in leather or nothing much at
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Geyer, Michael (Princeton University Press, 2003)
Broken glass, twisted beams, piles of debris–these are the early memories of the children who grew up amidst the ruins of the Third Reich. More than five decades later, German youth inhabit manicured suburbs and stroll along prosperous pedestrian malls. Shattered Past is a bold reconsideration of the perplexing pattern of Germany's twentieth-century history. Konrad Jarausch and Michael Geyer explore the staggering gap between the country's role in the terrors of war and its subsequent success as a democracy. They argue that the collapse of Communism, national reunification, and the postmodern shift call for a new reading of the country's turbulent development, one that no longer suggests continuity but rupture and conflict. Comprising original essays, the book begins by reexamining the nationalist, socialist, and liberal master narratives that have dominated the presentation of German history but are now losing their hold. Treated next are major issues of recent debate that suggest how new kinds of German history might be written: annihilationist warfare, complicity with dictatorship, the taming of power, the impact of migration, the struggle over national identity, redefinitions of womanhood, and the development of consumption as well as popular culture. The concluding chapters reflect on the country's gradual transition from chaos to civility. This penetrating study will spark a fresh debate about the meaning of the German past during the last century. There is no single master narrative, no Weltgeist, to be discovered. But there is a fascinating story to be told in many different ways.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience - Ignatieff, Michael (Holt Paperbacks, 1998)
Since the early 1990s, Michael Ignatieff has traveled the world's war zones, from Bosnia to the West Bank, from Afghanistan to central Africa. The Warrior's Honor is a report and a reflection on what he has seen in the places where ethnic war has become a way of life. Ignatieff charts the rise of the new moral interventionists–the relief workers, reporters, delegates, and diplomats who believe that other people's misery is of concern to us all. And he brings us face-to-face with the new ethnic warriors–the warlords, gunmen, and paramilitaries–who have escalated postmodern war to an unprecedented level of savagery. Hard-hitting and passionate, The Warrior's Honor is a profound and searching exploration of the perils and obligations of moral citizenship in a world scarred by war and genocide.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Communist Regime in Romania: Interpretation or Condemnation? - Iacob, Bogdan C. (Sudosteuropa Mitteilungen, 2014)
The article analyses the second life of the concept of genocide In public, scholarly and legal post-2006 discourses about how to deal with the communist past In Romania. It counterpoises such problematic radical condemnations with recent developments In local historical studies. The contribution focuses on a new generation of historians (In their thirties and early forties), exemplifying these approaches by discussing novel studies about repression, Institutions and biographies. It argues that the employment of the term genocide on the one hand reflects specific traditions of public, scholarly and legal narratives about the communist regime. On the other hand, It highlights the ambiguity and misrepresentation of historical phenomena concerning the period from 1945 to 1989 in Romania. Such overbearing denunciatory attitudes potentially obfuscate the complexities and varieties of the past. Benefiting from a genuine archival revolution after 2007, young historians counterbalance opaque, uncritical narratives of victimization with a renewed will for Interpretation and revision. Adapted from the source document.
Num Pages: 18
Keywords: Attitudes; Communists; Genocide; Historians; Narratives; Radicalism; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Repression (Political); Revolutions; Romania

Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions? - Horne, Cynthia M. (Democratization, 2009)
In 2006, Poland and Romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes. These late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice. While early lustration measures targeted political elites, late lustration policies include public and private sector positions, such as journalists, academics, business leaders, and others in ‘positions of public trust’. Given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding lustration, why lustrate so late in the post-communist transition and why expand the policies? The dominant explanation is that lustration is a tool of party politics and is a threat to democratic consolidation. However, the late lustration programmes do not fit this hypothesis neatly. The new laws have been restructured and packaged with other reform programmes, specifically anticorruption programmes. Late lustration has evolved to include economic and social, as well as political concerns. As such, some post-communist governments in Central and Eastern Europe appear to be trying to use lustration as a way to further the democratic transitions by addressing remaining public concerns about corruption, distrust, and inequality.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340902732581
Keywords: Poland; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Romania; anticorruption; elites; lustration; transition; transitional justice

Political Forgiveness - Digeser, Peter (Cornell University Press, 2001)
What does forgiveness mean when it appears in politics, and what is its relationship to other ideas in political philosophy? In Political Forgiveness, P. E. Digeser defends a conception of forgiveness against those who are skeptical of its desirability as a political idea. While much of the previous work on forgiveness reflects theological or psychological perspectives, Digeser offers a concept of political forgiveness that is secular and public rather than religious or personal. It centers on the capacity of victims and creditors to release transgressors and debtors from their moral and financial debts. "If justice is a matter of receiving one's due", he says, "then political forgiveness entails releasing one's due". Nevertheless, political forgiveness remains connected to justice in important ways.Exploring the limits and possibilities of political forgiveness, Digeser considers not only its relationship to justice, but also such issues as who has authority to forgive, the connection between forgiveness and reconciliation, the meaning and scope of group responsibility, the idea of pardoning as a form of political forgiveness, and whether there is an obligation to forgive.
Google-Books-ID: lSfsKx5ZayoC
Keywords: Political Science / General; Political Science / History & Theory; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Essays in Understanding, 1930-1954: Formation, Exile, and Totalitarianism - Arendt, Hannah (Schocken, 2005)
Few thinkers have addressed the political horrors and ethical complexities of the twentieth century with the insight and passionate intellectual integrity of Hannah Arendt. She was irresistible drawn to the activity of understanding, in an effort to endow historic, political, and cultural events with meaning. Essays in Understanding assembles many of Arendt’s writings from the 1930s, 1940s, and into the 1950s. Included here are illuminating discussions of St. Augustine, existentialism, Kafka, and Kierkegaard: relatively early examinations of Nazism, responsibility and guilt, and the place of religion in the modern world: and her later investigations into the nature of totalitarianism that Arendt set down after The Origins of Totalitarianism was published in 1951. The body of work gathered in this volume gives us a remarkable portrait of Arendt’s developments as a thinker—and confirms why her ideas and judgments remain as provocative and seminal today as they were when she first set them down.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Mémoires, tome 2: Le Trouble et la Lumière - Vidal-Naquet, Pierre (SEUIL, 1998)
Le premier tome de ces Mémoires esquissait le portrait d’une enfance, d’une jeunesse dominée par la disparition à Auschwitz des parents, Margot et Lucien.Ce second volume raconte la vie d’un homme pleinement engagé dans ses travaux universitaires et dans l’actualité de son temps et de ses conflits.Voici le récit d’une quête acharnée et quotidienne de la clarté, d’une volonté permanente de chercher et de dire la vérité et la justice dans un monde trouble et confus. On verra ainsi défiler quelques épisodes célèbres de notre histoire contemporaine, de l’affaire Audin(1957) à l’affaire Faurisson (1980) dont l’auteur de ce livre ut l’un des protagonistes.Le récit lui-même fait l’objet d’une critique au fil de la plume, occasion pour pierre vidal-Naquet de dénoncer jusqu’à ses propres erreurs ou ses propres impécisions.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La Torture dans la République (1954-1962) - Vidal-Naquet, Pierre (Les Editions de minuit, 1972)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les disparus. Le cahier vert - Jacques, Vergès; Zavrian, Michel; Courrege, Maurice (La Cité-éditeur, 1959)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justice et droit d'exception en guerre d'Algérie (1954-1962) - Thénault, Sylvie (Les Cahiers de la Justice, 2013)
Résumé Pendant la guerre d'indépendance algérienne, la justice constitua une des armes du combat contre les nationalistes et ceux qui les soutenaient. Fondée sur des législations d'exception, cette intervention fut massive et impliqua d'emblée les tribunaux militaires. L'ensemble de la guerre fut d'ailleurs marqué par un processus de militarisation de la justice. Cette répression judiciaire eut pour principal effet la multiplication des peines capitales dont 200, environ, furent suivies d'exécution. La magistrature d'Algérie fut d'une certaine façon mobilisée contre l'ennemi algérien, dans un contexte où ces magistrats, issus de familles européennes, jouaient aussi leur sort personnel.
Place: Paris
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Une drôle de justice : Les magistrats dans la guerre d'algerie - Thénault, Sylvie (La Découverte, 2001)
De 1954 à 1962, au nom de la lutte contre la " subversion " du FLN, au nom du rattachement de l'Algérie à la France qui interdisait d'y appliquer le droit de la guerre et de considérer les nationalistes comme des combattants, la justice et son personnel prirent une part active à la guerre d'Algérie : instruction des affaires, condamnations par milliers infligées par les tribunaux correctionnels et militaires, rappel de magistrats sous les drapeaux, etc. Les seules condamnations à mort atteignirent les 1 500, dont près de 200 furent exécutées. Dans ce livre passionnant et très documenté, Sylvie Thénault montre que cette insertion de la justice dans un vaste système de répression la priva de fait de son droit de regard sur les arrestations, les gardes à vue, les détentions et les interrogatoires pratiqués par l'armée. S'appuyant sur des archives jusque-là inaccessibles de l'Armée de terre - instructions, directives, fiches de renseignements, etc. - et du ministère de la justice, notamment la correspondance entre les procureurs généraux d'Algérie et la Chancellerie parisienne, elle met au jour une justice amputée et réformée par les législations d'exception. Une " drôle de justice ", à l'image de la " drôle de guerre ", cette guerre qui n'en était pas vraiment une. Il est temps, aujourd'hui, que ce passé proche entre dans l'Histoire. Pour les magistrats qui l'ont vécue, appelés à jouer un rôle inédit, confrontés au partage de compétence avec la justice militaire et à la torture, la période reste douloureuse. C'est pour l'aborder sereinement, sans juger ni céder aux injonctions d'un " devoir de mémoire " culpabilisant, que l'auteur a écrit ce livre.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

L'affaire Papon - Slitinski, Michel (Editions Alain Moreau, 1983)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? - Association Maurice Audin; Association coloniale et postcoloniale (Association Maurice Audin et Association coloniale et postcoloniale, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Hommage à Brigitte Lainé (1942-2018) – Une juste parmi les justes - Mollier, Jean-Yves (Actualité du XIXe siècle, 2018)
Décédée le 2 novembre 2018, Brigitte Lainé n’était pas seulement l’archiviste en chef chargée du patrimoine aux Archives de Paris que beaucoup d’entre nous ont connue, mais une sorte d’Antigone des temps modernes. « Catho...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les Français disparus en Algérie dans les archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères - Georgeon-Liskenne, Anne (Gazette des archives, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Guerre d'Algérie : quand le secret défense entrave la mémoire - Leprince, Chloé (France Culture, 2019)
Comme Maurice Audin, des milliers d'Algériens disparaîtront du fait des forces de l'ordre françaises pendant la guerre d'Algérie. Emmanuel Macron a promis l'ouverture des archives pour sortir leur trace du brouillard du récit officiel et du refoulé. Historiens et familles l'attendent encore.
Section: Sciences et Savoirs
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Le Procès Papon, un journal d'audience - Conan, Eric (Gallimard, 1998)
Avant même l'ouverture du procès, la cause semble entendue : Maurice Papon, secrétaire général de la préfecture de la Gironde sous l'Occupation, est coupable. Mais, au fil des audiences, il devient bientôt clair que l'instruction, en quatorze ans, a été pour le moins mal faite ; que l'Histoire, celle des historiens cités à comparaître, est plus nuancée dans ses analyses des chaînes de responsabilité administrative ; que les témoignages des grands acteurs témoins de la Résistance divergent sensiblement d'un tableau en noir et blanc ; que la Mémoire des enfants et parents des victimes déportées doit se contenter d'obtenir réparation d'un fonctionnaire de rang moyen, alors que ses supérieurs hiérarchiques, jamais inquiétés, sont morts en toute quiétude au cours de l'instruction ; que nombre de parties civiles ont cru ne faire qu'une bouchée d'un accusé prompt à se défendre, vif à confondre de pseudo-témoins à charge, à nier ses responsabilités historiquement avérées mais judiciairement difficiles à établir cinquante-cinq ans après. Au terme d'un procès-fleuve, une peine de dix ans est prononcée qui ne satisfait ni le Droit, ni l'Histoire, ni la Mémoire. La Cour d'assises innocente Maurice Papon des faits de complicité d'assassinat retenus contre lui par l'instruction et l'arrêté de renvoi ; elle juge l'accusé coupable de complicité d'arrestation et de séquestration, ce qui est peu s'il s'est agi de juger Vichy et son administration ; elle introduit en France la gradation des peines en matière de crime contre l'humanité ; elle esquive, enfin, le grand débat juridique visant à définir ce crime suprême soit comme un crime de droit commun à évaluer selon les intentions présidant à chaque acte, soit comme un " crime de bureau ", s'insérant dans un processus génocidaire plus vaste, où la responsabilité se mesure à l'aune non plus seulement de l'acte de l'individu mais du rôle qu'il assume dans une chaîne criminelle de responsabilité. Le délitement du procès Papon, au fil des audiences, Eric Conan, l'un des rares journalistes à avoir assisté à toutes les audiences, nous le donne à lire dans ce Journal. Il note les propos de chacun, restitue l'atmosphère, tendue, pathétique ou cocasse, livre les moments et les discours clés. Le lecteur de ce document de référence découvre bientôt comment un procès, longtemps jugé improbable, se révéla progressivement un procès impossible.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La Guerre d'Algérie : une histoire apaisée ? - Branche, Raphaëlle (Seuil, 2005)
Guerre d'Algérie ici, guerre de libération nationale là-bas, quelle que soit la manière dont on le nomme, ce conflit a été, dès son origine, l'objet d'interprétations divergentes. Des hommes politiques construisaient la guerre par les mots quand d'autres la niaient. Les sociétés algérienne et française ont hérité de ces affrontements. Depuis 1962, les historiens ont dû travailler au milieu des affects, des tensions et des désirs contradictoires exprimés à l'égard de ce passé complexe et sensible. L'analyse des cinquante années écoulées depuis le déclenchement de l'insurrection fait également ressortir le poids du politique sur les conditions d'écriture de l'histoire, qu'il s'agisse de contrôler le récit sur le passé, de le surveiller, de l'interdire mais aussi de l'encourager ou de le faciliter. Ainsi, l'accès aux archives demeure, encore aujourd'hui, une question cruciale de part et d'autre de la Méditerranée. L'étude de l'historiographie française et étrangère révèle pourtant que la recherche avance. Mais un constat s'impose aussi : les voies pour une histoire sereine de la guerre ne se dégagent que lentement.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Handbuch Transitional Justice: Aufarbeitung von Unrecht - hin zur Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratie - Mihr, Anja; Pickel, Gert; Pickel, Susanne (Springer Fachmedien, 2018)
Dieses Handbuch ist eine systematische und methodische Einführung in das Thema Transitional Justice, das bislang vor allem durch Länderstudien zur
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Nach den Diktaturen: Der Umgang mit den Opfern in Europa - Heydemann, Günther; Vollnhals, Clemens; Goschler, Constantin; Scarano, Federico; Karner, Stefan; Richter, Heinz A.; Pinto, António Costa; Matthes, Claudia-Yvette; Ungváry, Krisztián; Vodička, Karel; Zhemkova, Elena Borisovna; Bernecker, Walther L.; et al. (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015)
Der Band untersucht erstmals in vergleichender Perspektive den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit den Opfern nach dem Fall der Diktaturen. Welche Entschädigungsleistungen erhielten die Opfer der faschistischen und der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur nach 1945 in Italien, in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Österreich? Wie gingen die Gesellschaften in Spanien, Portugal und Griechenland nach dem Fall der Militärdiktaturen in den 1970er Jahren mit den Opfern um? Was erreichten die Opfer kommunistischer Diktaturen nach 1989 im wiedervereinten Deutschland, in Tschechien, Polen, Ungarn, Lettland und Russland? Das gesellschaftspolitische Umfeld brachte für die Opfer zumeist nur geringe Empathie auf, dennoch gibt es beachtliche Unterschiede in der staatlichen Rehabilitierungs- und Entschädigungspolitik, die von ausgewiesenen Experten in 13 Beiträgen analysiert werden.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

"Es lag was in der Luft...": Die Besetzung der Bezirksverwaltungen des MfS/AfNS in Erfurt, Suhl und Gera - Veen, Hans-Joachim; Wurschi, Peter (Ettersberg, Stiftung, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Staatssicherheit am Ende. Warum es den Mächtigen nicht gelang, 1989 eine Revolution zu verhindern: Warum es den Mächtigen nicht gelang, 1989 eine Revolution zu verhinden - Süß, Walter (Ch. Links Verlag, 1999)
Die »Tschekisten« der DDR hatten geschworen, die SED-Herrschaft unter Einsatz ihres Lebens zu verteidigen. Doch statt ein letzte Schlacht zu schlagen, zogen sie sich im Herbst 1989 eher kopflos zurück und stellten sich wenig später geduldig um ihre Entlastungspapiere an. Was war mit ihnen geschehen? Wie haben die Offiziere die Situation damals wahrgenommen, welche Taktiken entwickelten sie und welche Aufgabe war den offiziellen Mitarbeitern in der Bürgerrechtsbewegung zugedacht? Walter Süß hat fünf Jahre lang die einschlägigen Akten ausgewertet und Zeitzeugen befragt. Minutiös rekonstruiert er den inneren Zerfallsprozeß des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit und die vielfätigen Ursachen dafür. Manche Legende von der Allmacht der SED-Geheimpolizei wird dabei demontiert. Geschildert werden die vergeblichen Versuche, den revolutionären Umbruch aufzuhalten, dann sich ihm anzupassen und schließlich von ihm zu profitieren.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archival Landscape: Archives and Human Rights - Stinnett, Graham (Progressive Librarian: A Journal for Critical Studies & Progressive Politics in Librarianship, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Post-Communist Transitional Justice: Lessons from Twenty-Five Years of Experience - Stan, Lavinia; Nedelsky, Nadya (Cambridge University Press, 2015)
Taking stock of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the collapse of the communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe, this volume explores the ways these societies have grappled with the serious human rights violations of past regimes. It focuses on the most important factors that have shaped the nature, speed, and sequence of transitional justice programs in the period spanning the tumultuous revolutions that brought about the collapse of the communist dictatorships and the consolidation of new democratic regimes. Contributors explain why leaders made certain choices, discuss the challenges they faced, and explore the role of under-studied actors and grassroots strategies. Written by recognized experts with an unparalleled grasp of the region's communist and post-communist reality, this volume addresses far-reaching reckoning, redress, and retribution policy choices. It is an engaging and carefully crafted volume, and it covers a wide variety of cases and discusses key transitional justice theories using both qualitative and quantitative research methods.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Strafverfahren wegen MfS-Unrechts : die Strafprozesse bundesdeutscher Gerichte gegen ehemalige Mitarbeiter des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR - Schißau, Roland (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Occasional Paper No. 1 Transitional Justice in Germany after 1945 and after 1990 - Romeike, Sanya (International Nuremberg Principles Academy, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State Security: A Reader on the GDR Secret Police - Münkel, Daniela (Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic, 2016)
Google-Books-ID: 39VjAQAACAAJ
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Judging the Past in Unified Germany - McAdams, A. James (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
In recent years, no modern democracy has taken more aggressive steps to come to terms with a legacy of dictatorship than has the Federal Republic of Germany with the crimes and injustices of Communist East Germany. In this book, A. James McAdams provides a comprehensive and engaging examination of the four most prominent instances of this policy: criminal trials for the killings at the Berlin Wall; the disqualification of administrative personnel for secret-police ties; parliamentary truth-telling commissions; and private property restitution. On the basis of extensive interviews in Bonn and Berlin over the 1990s, McAdams gives new insight into the difficulties German politicians, judges, bureaucrats, and public officials faced sitting in judgment on the affairs of another state. He argues provocatively that the success of their policies must be measured in terms of the way they used East German history to justify their actions. In 1997, A. James McAdams was awarded the DAAD Prize for Distinguished Scholarship in German Studies. He is Professor and Chair of the Department of Government and International Studies at University of Notre Dame, in Notre Dame, Indiana. He is the author of East Germany and Détente (Cambridge University Press, 1985), Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification (Princeton University Press, 1992), and co-author of Rebirth: A Political History of Europe Since World War II (Westview Press, 1999). McAdams is also editor of Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies (University of Notre Dame Press, 1997).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Strafverfolgung von DDR-Unrecht: Fakten und Zahlen - Marxen, Klaus; Werle, Gerhard; Schäfter, Petra (Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism and the End of East Germany - Maier, Professor Charles S. (Princeton University Press, 1999)
Against the backdrop of one of the great transformations of our century, the sudden and unexpected fall of communism as a ruling system, Charles Maier recounts the history and demise of East Germany. Dissolution is his poignant, analytically provocative account of the decline and fall of the late German Democratic Republic. This book explains the powerful causes for the disintegration of German communism as it constructs the complex history of the GDR. Maier looks at the turning points in East Germany's forty-year history and at the mix of coercion and consent by which the regime functioned. He analyzes the GDR as it evolved from the purges of the 1950s to the peace movements and emerging youth culture of the 1980s, and then turns his attention to charges of Stasi collaboration that surfaced after 1989. In the context of describing the larger collapse of communism, Maier analyzes German elements that had counterparts throughout the Soviet bloc, including its systemic and eventually terminal economic crisis, corruption and privilege in the SED, the influence of the Stasi and the plight of intellectuals and writers, and the slow loss of confidence on the part of the ruling elite. He then discusses the mass protests and proliferation of dissident groups in 1989, the collapse of the ruling party, and the troubled aftermath of unification. Dissolution is the first book that spans the communist collapse and the ensuing process of unification, and that draws on newly available archival documents from the last phases of the GDR, including Stasi reports, transcripts of Politburo and Central Committee debates, and papers from the Economic Planning Commission, the Council of Ministers, and the office files of key party officials. This book is further bolstered by Maier's extensive knowledge of European history and the Cold War, his personal observations and conversations with East Germans during the country's dramatic transition, and memoirs and other eyewitness accounts published during the four-decade history of the GDR.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

NS-Verbrecher und Staatssicherheit: Die geheime Vergangenheitspolitik der DDR - Leide, Henry (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007)
Bis heute gilt die konsequente Verfolgung von NS-Ttern als "gute Seite" des Ministeriums f"r Staatssicherheit der DDR. Doch hinter der Fassade des antifaschistischen Musterstaats wurde ein sorgsam verh"lltes, doppeltes Spiel gespielt: SED und Staatssicherheit prangerten die Bundesrepublik an und lieferten Flle f"r Vorzeigeprozesse, aber zugleich stellten sie Ermittlungen gegen NS-Tter hintan, wenn sie dem Image der DDR zuwiderliefen. Henry Leide analysiert systematisch die Formen dieser Politik: Anwerbungen von fr"h amnestierten oder nie verurteilten NS-Verbrechern als Informanten und Agenten in Ost und West, mangelhafte Ermittlungen gegen Hunderte belastete DDR-B"rger, vereitelte Strafverfahren gegen angesehene DDR-rzte und verweigerte Rechtshilfe f"r die auslndische Justiz bei gleichzeitiger Monopolisierung vieler Akten durch die Geheimpolizei. In dieser Praxis entpuppt sich der DDR-Antifaschismus als instrumentelles Kampfprogramm in der deutsch-deutschen Systemkonkurrenz.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Genosse Judas: Die zwei Leben des Ibrahim Bohme (G - Lahann, Birgit (1992)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Der verratene Verräter: Wolfgang Schnur: Bürgerrechtsanwalt und Spitzenspitzel - Kobylinski, Alexander (Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 2015)
Kaum ein Protagonist der Umbruchszeit 1989/90 polarisiert bis heute so wie Wolfgang Schnur. Als Anwalt arbeitet Schnur (geb. 1944) in der DDR als Rechtsbeistand für Bürgerrechtler und Wehrdienstverweigerer. Nicht wenige sehen den Mitbegründer und Vorsitzenden des Demokratischen Aufbruchs als kommenden Wahlsieger bei den Volkskammerwahlen im März 1990 und damit als künftigen DDR-Ministerpräsidenten. Doch kurz vor der Wahl wird bekannt, dass Schnur seit den 1960er Jahren für die Stasi tätig war. Es beginnt ein langer Absturz mit dem Entzug der Anwaltszulassung 1993 und diversen Verurteilungen. Alexander Kobylinski, einst selbst Mandant von Schnur, folgt dessen Lebenslauf von der Jugend im Nachkriegsdeutschland, der Ausbildung zum Rechtsanwalt, seiner Anwerbung durch das MfS und der Tätigkeit als Spitzel bis zur Enttarnung 1990. Kobylinski zeigt, wie Schnur mit viel Geduld, aber äußerst zielstrebig vom MfS aufgebaut wurde und schließlich zu einer wichtigen Person in der Bürgerbewegung wurde. Und er lässt die »Einbrüche« in Schnurs Karriere erst richtig verstehen.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives Power: Memory, Accountability, and Social Justice - Jimerson, Randall C. (Amer Library Assn, 2009)
Grounded in historical and social theory, this analysis of the power of archives and the role of archivists in society calls for renewed emphasis on remembrance, evidence, and documentation as a means of securing open government, accountability, diversity, and social justice, within an archival ethics of professional and societal responsibility.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Ostermann, Christian F.; Etges, Andreas (Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives, 2017)
Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives was published in The Cold War on page 1.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

BETWEEN MYTH AND REALITY: THE STASI LEGACY IN GERMAN HISTORY - Jarausch, Konrad (GHI Bulletin Supplement, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Beyond the Obvious: The Stasi Records Archive as Transitional Justice Tool in an International Context - Hovestädt (ecpr.eu, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Deutschland seit 1990: Wege in die Vereinigungsgesellschaft - Großbölting, Thomas; Lorke, Christoph (Franz Steiner Verlag, 2017)
Der Fall der Berliner Mauer und die Wiedervereinigung beendeten vierzig Jahre Trennung von Bundesrepublik und DDR. Diese Ereignisse waren zweifelsohne von nationaler und internationaler Bedeutung. Die empathische Erinnerung daran markiert den Gründungsmythos eines wiedervereinigten Deutschlands wie auch den eines sich erweiternden Europas.Mit größer werdendem zeitlichem Abstand wird diese euphorische Lesart allerdings zunehmend blasser. Nicht nur die Verwerfungen der Banken- und Eurokrise seit 2008, sondern zahlreiche andere Prozesse und Ereignisse lassen die Ambivalenzen der Entwicklung seit Ende der 1980er Jahre deutlicher hervortreten. Aus der politikhistorisch so einschneidenden Zäsur wird in der Rückschau ein immer weicherer und mehrdeutiger Übergang. Was verband und verbindet die Deutschen in Ost und West vor und nach 1990? Welche Gemeinsamkeiten prägen die Vereinigungsgesellschaft, welche Trennlinien durchziehen sie bis heute? Diesen Fragen gehen die Autorinnen und Autoren in ihren Beiträgen nach und entwerfen auf diese Weise ein facettenreiches Bild der deutschen Geschichte der vergangenen drei Jahrzehnte.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The History of the Stasi: East Germany's Secret Police, 1945-1990 - Gieseke, Jens (Berghahn Books, 2015)
A well-balanced and detailed look at the East German Ministry for State Security, the secret police force more commonly known as the Stasi. “This is an excellent book, full of careful, balanced judgements and a wealth of concisely-communicated knowledge. It is also well written. Indeed, it is the best book yet published on the MfS.”―German History The Stasi stood for Stalinist oppression and all-encompassing surveillance. The “shield and sword of the party,” it secured the rule of the Communist Party for more than forty years, and by the 1980s it had become the largest secret-police apparatus in the world, per capita. Jens Gieseke tells the story of the Stasi, a feared secret-police force and a highly professional intelligence service. He inquires into the mechanisms of dictatorship and the day-to-day effects of surveillance and suspicion. Masterful and thorough at once, he takes the reader through this dark chapter of German postwar history, supplying key information on perpetrators, informers, and victims. In an assessment of post-communist memory politics, he critically discusses the consequences of opening the files and the outcomes of the Stasi debate in reunified Germany. A major guide for research on communist secret-police forces, this book is considered the standard reference work on the Stasi.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Erinnerungsorte der DDR - Sabrow, Martin (C.H.Beck, 2009)
Die DDR gibt es nicht mehr, aber im Gedächtnis lebt sie weiter, als Schreckensort einer Diktatur, in "ostalgischer" Verklärung und vor allem in Erinnerung an die Mühen um ein aufrechtes Leben in gedrückten Verhältnissen. Fünfzig Publizisten und Zeithistoriker präsentieren die wichtigsten Bezugspunkte der Erinnerung an ein untergegangenes Land.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

20 Jahre Stasi-Aufarbeitung: Vorbild oder Auslaufmodell? - Gieseke, Jens (bpb.de, 2009)
Ehemalige Mitarbeiter der Stasi wollen heutzutage nicht mehr genannt werden und berufen sich dazu auf ihr Persönlichkeitsrecht. Dem steht jedoch ein Aufklärungsinteresse entgegen. Ein Blick nach Osteuropa zeigt, dass in Deutschland breits einiges err
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz: Kommentar - Geiger, Hansjörg; Klinghardt, Heinz; Burth, Josephine; Budsinowski, Martin; Pietrkiewicz, Jörg; Rapp-Lücke, Juliane (Kohlhammer, 2006)
Das Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz, welches in den zurückliegenden Jahren verschiedentlich geändert wurde, steht weiterhin in öffentlichem Interesse und Diskussion. Die Neubearbeitung des Kommentars bringt das Praxiswissen zum StUG unter Beachtung der Rechtsprechung auf den aktuellen Stand. Neben der praxisnahen und allgemein verständlichen Kommentierung der Einzelvorschriften des Gesetzes enthält die Neuauflage einen einleitenden Überblick über Aufbau, Aufgaben und Methoden des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Stasi-Akten: Das unheimliche Erbe der DDR - Gauck, Joachim (Rowohlt Verlag GmbH, 1991)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. undefined
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Post‐totalitarian national identity: public memory in Germany and Russia - Forest, Benjamin; Johnson, Juliet; Till, Karen (Social & Cultural Geography, 2004)
Through a comparative analysis of Germany and Russia, this paper explores how participation in the memorialization process affects and reflects national identity formation in post‐totalitarian societies. These post‐totalitarian societies face the common problem of re‐presenting their national character as civic and democratic, in great part because their national identities were closely bound to oppressive regimes. Through a comparison of three memorial sites—Sachsenhausen concentration camp memorial in Germany, and Lubianka Square and the Park of Arts in Russia—we argue that even where dramatic reductions in state power and the opening of civil society have occurred, a simple elite–public dichotomy cannot adequately capture the nature of participation in the process of memory re‐formation. Rather, mutual interactions among multiple publics and elites, differing in kind and intensity across contexts, combine to form a complex pastiche of public memory that both interprets a nation's past and suggests desirable models for its future. The domination of a ‘Western’ style of memorialization in former East Germany illustrates how even relatively open debates can lead to the exclusion of certain representations of the nation. Nonetheless, Germany has had comparatively vigorous public debates about memorializing its totalitarian periods. In contrast, Russian elite groups have typically circumvented or manipulated participation in the memorialization process, reflecting both a reluctance to deal with Russia's totalitarian past and a emerging national identity less civic and democratic than in Germany.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1464936042000252778
Keywords: Germany; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Russia; monuments and memorials; politics of memory; public memory

Transitional Justice after German Reunification: Exposing Unofficial Collaborators - Espindola, Juan (Cambridge University Press, 2015)
How do societies transitioning from oppressive to democratic rule hold accountable those citizens who contributed to maintaining injustice in the ancient regime by secretly denouncing fellow citizens? Is their public identification a way of fulfilling respect for those who suffered harm as a result of their collaboration? And is public identification respectful of denunciators themselves? This book pursues these questions through a multidisciplinary investigation focusing on the denunciators for the East German secret police and the Ministry of State Security and the way in which they have been publicly unveiled in contemporary German society. The book evaluates the justifications that social actors offer to support or oppose public identifications; how targeted collaborators react to this social practice; and whether it achieves its intended purpose. At every stage, the book asks whether the motivations and the consequences of public identifications honor or undermine the value of respect for people.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Volkserhebung gegen den SED-Staat: eine Bestandsaufnahme zum 17. Juni 1953 - Engelmann, Roger; Kowalczuk, Ilko-Sascha (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005)
Der Aufstand vom 17. Juni 1953 ist eines der Schlüsselereignisse in der deutsch-deutschen Geschichte. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes berichten über den Verlauf des Aufstands und stellen die Bezüge zum kommunistischen Machtbereich her. Die Vorgänge im Repressionsapparat, die Gefangenenbefreiungen am 17. Juni, die Entwicklung der Strafpraxis sowie der Ausbau des repressiven Instrumentariums nach der Erhebung bilden einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Bandes. Abschließende Beiträge betrachten das 'doppelte' Juni-Trauma der Machthaber und der Opposition, die intellektuelle Bewältigung des Geschehens, die Stellung des 17. Juni im nationalen Gedächtnis der alten Bundesrepublik und das Verhältnis von Juni-Aufstand und friedlicher Revolution 1989.
Keywords: History / General; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Das MfS-Lexikon: Begriffe, Personen und Strukturen der Staatssicherheit der DDR - Engelmann, Roger; Florath, Bernd; Heidemeyer, Helge; Münkel, Daniela; Polzin, Arno; Süß, Walter (Ch. Links Verlag, 2011)
Zum Ministerium für Staatssicherheit gibt es zahlreiche Einzeluntersuchungen und einige Überblicksdarstellungen. Doch bisher fehlte ein kompaktes Nachschlagewerk, in dem man knapp und präzise alle wichtigen Informationen zum Thema findet. Das vorliegende Lexikon behandelt sowohl die entscheidenden Schlüsselbegriffe als auch die wichtigsten Akteure und die Organisationsstruktur. Dabei wird zugleich das politische Umfeld thematisiert, werden die Auftraggeber und Kooperationspartner genannt. Das Lexikon wurde bewusst für ein breites Publikum entwickelt. Es erschließt den Gegenstand in allgemeinverständlicher Weise und ist mit zahlreichen Querverweisen versehen. Die einzelnen Beiträge sind von Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde und anderen Fachleuten verfasst worden.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die herbeigeschriebene "Legitimationskrise" Anatomie einer Kampagne gegen die Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde - Engelmann, Roger (Deutschland Archiv, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Akteneinsicht. Von der revolutionären Aktion zum Gesetz - Bildung, Bundeszentrale für politische (bpb.de, 2017)
Was heute wie eine Selbstverständlichkeit wirkt – das Recht auf die Einsichtnahme in die eigene Stasi-Akte oder die Möglichkeit der Überprüfung politischer Mandatsträger auf eine mögliche Spitzeltätigkeit für das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit – wu
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Überlieferung der Diktaturen. Beiträge zum Umgang mit Archiven der Geheimpolizei in Polen und Deutschland nach 1989 - Beaupré, Nicolas; Dakowska, Dorota (Klartext Verlag, 2004)
Warum ist das Institut für Nationales Gedächtnis – IPN (das Pendant zur Gauck-Behörde) erst 1998 gegründet worden? Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen dem Verlauf der politischen Wende in Deutschland bzw. in Polen, der Entscheidung über die
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice - Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (United States Institute of Peace, 2007)
This report focuses on the often-ignored challenges faced by those seeking, through memorialization, to help repair societies that are emerging from violent conflict. The summary matrix at the end of this report provides recommendations to international actors interested in assisting in that process.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944-1956 - Applebaum, Anne (Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2013)
National Book Award Finalist TIME Magazine's #1 Nonfiction Book of 2012A New York Times Notable BookA Washington Post Top Ten Book of 2012Best Nonfiction of 2012: The Wall Street Journal, The Plain Dealer In the much-anticipated follow-up to her Pulitzer Prize-winning Gulag, acclaimed journalist Anne Applebaum delivers a groundbreaking history of how Communism took over Eastern Europe after World War II and transformed in frightening fashion the individuals who came under its sway. Iron Curtain describes how, spurred by Stalin and his secret police, the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe were created and what daily life was like once they were complete. Drawing on newly opened East European archives, interviews, and personal accounts translated for the first time, Applebaum portrays in chilling detail the dilemmas faced by millions of individuals trying to adjust to a way of life that challenged their every belief and took away everything they had accumulated. As a result the Soviet Bloc became a lost civilization, one whose cruelty, paranoia, bizarre morality, and strange aesthetics Applebaum captures in these electrifying pages.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Securing the Communist State: The Reconstruction of Coercive Institutions in the Soviet Zone of Germany and Romania, 1944–1948 - Van De Grift, Liesbeth (Lexington Books, 2011)
From Berlin to Bucharest, from Warsaw to Sofia, Soviet tanks crossed national borders across East Central Europe at the end of the Second World War. The arrival of the Red Army marked an important turn in history. Within only a few years, the often unpopular communist parties developed into political organizations with mass followings. They managed to seize power, eliminate political opposition to their rule, and purge the state apparatus of undesirable personnel. In Securing the Communist State, Liesbeth van de Grift provides a new understanding of these organizations using recently disclosed material from the communist archives in Berlin and Bucharest. She reveals how these communist parties gained control over the security apparatus after 1945 in East Central Europe from a transitional justice perspective, focusing on purges and personnel policies. This book shows that the personal break after 1945 was not as radical as is often thought.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Miecz i tarcza komunizmu. Historia aparatu bezpieczeństwa w Polsce 1944-1990 - Terlecki, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2013)
Pierwsza popularna książka o służbach specjalnych PRL. Efekt siedmioletniej pracy naukowej jednego z pierwszych pracowników IPN-u. Pełna wstrząsających faktów, przystępnie napisana, historia służb sp...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Prezentul trecutului recent: Lustraţie şi decomunizare în postcomunism - Stan, Lavinia (Curtea Veche, 2010)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. O lucrare de anvergura, volumul de fata examineaza modul in care toate tarile est europene pos…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La nación tras el diluvio. Una perspectiva germano-oriental. - Schultz, Helga (Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 2000)
Helga Schultz reconsidera la RDA y su forma nacional desde un punto de vista germano-oriental. Entiende la RDA como un intento de construir una peculiar nación socialista alemana, pero laimposibilidad de alcanzar esta aspiración es examinada junto con la sorprendente división entre ambas partes de la nueva Alemania «unida» y la nueva eínicizaci¿n de los alemanes del Este. El articulo revisa también la «sociedad obrera» socialista, como producto del socialismo real.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; historia; historia contemporánea; historia de España; historia universal; revista

Osočení – Pravdivé příběhy lidí z "Cibulkova seznamu" - Salivarová-Škvorecká, Zdena (Nakladatelství Host, 2000)
Publicistika.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A handbook of the communist security apparatus in East Central Europe 1944-1989 - Persak, Krzysztof; Kamiński, Łukasz (Institute of National Remembrance, 2005)
Keywords: Communism; Europe; Central; Europe; Eastern; History; Internal security; Political persecution; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Secret service; Soviet Union

‎Bastionul cruzimii. O istorie a Securitatii (1948-1964) - Oprea, Marius (Polirom, 2016)
O prima monografie a Securitatii in primele ei doua decenii de existenta volumul sintetizeaza cercetarile intreprinse de istoricul Marius Oprea specializat in investigarea activitatii fostei politii politice comuniste din Romania. Bastionul cruzimii prezinta intr-o riguroasa documentare stiintifica adevarata fata a Securitatii: de la organizarea interna la modul de derulare a anchetelor de la legislatia cu caracter represiv la torturile si crimele acesteia fara sa omita locul aparatului represiv in sistemul de putere comunist si faptul ca acesta a jucat rolul de „brat inarmat al partidului in lupta de clasa“. O lectura necesara atat pentru istorici si studentii la facultatile de profil cat si pentru toti cei interesati de istoria recenta a Romaniei.Cuprins: Politia politica – instrument al sovietizarii Romaniei Nasterea Securitatii Securistii lui Dej Bazele „muncii de Securitate“ Partidul si Securitatea Scrupule si epoleti: Securitatea in lupta pentru putere dintre liderii comunisti
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Prawdy jak chleba - Niezabitowska, Małgorzata (Prószyński, 2007)
Procesowy thriller, powieść kryminalna, poradnik jak radzić sobie w sytuacjach ekstremalnych, historia przygodowa stanu wojennego, opowieść o miłości i przyjaźni - książka Małgorzaty Niezabitowskiej ł...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Los orígenes del Partido del Socialismo Democrático (1989-1993): el ave fénix roja en Alemania - de la Guardia, Ricardo Martín (Ayer, 2005)
El Partido del Socialismo Democrático (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus), surgido de la descomposición interna del SED (Sozialistiscbe Einbeitspartei Deutschlands), es un caso relevante de adaptación de los partidos únicos en los regímenes comunistas a la democracia plurípar-tidista. Dadas las peculiaridades de la transición en la República Democrática de Alemania, acelerada por su rápida integración en la República Federal, el SED no tuvo la oportunidad de transformarse en una organización socialdemócrata como en la mayoría de los países del Este, pues ya existían el SPD y, a su izquierda, los Verdes. Este hecho explica la importancia histórica de seguirlo en sus primeros pasos para analizar las dificultades de pervivencia de la estructura del partido único y explicar de esta manera su inserción en el sistema de partidos alemán posterior a la Reunificación. Resulting from the decay of the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands), the Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus) typifies the adaptation of Eastern and Central European Communist state parties into multiparty democracy. Given the peculiarities of the GDR's political transition— a process which was accelerated by its rapid integration into the Federal Republic—, the SED had no chance to develop into a Social Democratic party as that political space was already occupied by the SPD and, further left, the Greens. Hence the importance of tracing the origins of the PDS, that is, the old party structure's struggle for survival and its inclusion in the post-unification German party system.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Wokół Jedwabnego, t. 1 Studia - Machcewicz, Paweł; Persak, Krzysztof (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2002)
pod red. Pawła Machcewicza i Krzysztofa Persaka, t.1 Studia Publikacja Wokół Jedwabnego, przygotowana przez Biuro Edukacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, prezentuje wyniki badań naukowych na...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Wenn wir unsere Akten lesen: Handbuch zum Umgang mit den Stasi-Unterlagen - Kukutz, Irena; Krone, Tina; Leide, Henry (BasisDruck, 1996)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die unterwanderte Republik. Stasi im Westen - Knabe, Hubertus (Propyläen, 1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Stasi und der Westen: Der Kurras-Komplex - Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (HOFFMANN UND CAMPE VERLAG GmbH, 2010)
Ein eher zufälliger Aktenfund aus dem Frühjahr 2009 zeigt: Die deutsch-deutsche Nachkriegsgeschichte birgt noch viele Geheimnisse. Ein Buch über die verschwiegenen Ostspitzel im Westen, einen verhängnisvollen Todesschuss und den stillen Krieg der DDR gegen die Bonner Republik.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Mielke-Konzern. Die Geschichte der Stasi 1945-1990 - Gieseke, Jens (DVA, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Las redes del terror: Las policías secretas comunistas y su legado - Faraldo, Jose Maria (Galaxia Gutenberg, 2018)
El libro LAS REDES DEL TERROR de JOSE MARIA FARALDO en Casa del Libro: ¡descubre las mejores ofertas y envíos gratis!
ISBN: 9788417088989
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ceausescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989 - Deletant, Dennis (Routledge, 1995)
First Published in 2017. This book contains Deletant's research and view that an inescapable feature of life in Romania under Ceausescu was the ubiquity of the Securitate or the security police, known officially for much of the period as the Department of State Security of the Ministry of the Interior. He seeks to right the omission in Romanian literature, until now, of the mechanism of terror which Stalin used in Romania to enforce his will and about the organisation of the Department of State Security.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Problem lustracji w Europie Środkowej i krajach bałtyckich - Opalińska, Agnieszka (IN GREMIUM, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

13 : L'ouverture des archives d'une police politique communiste : le cas tchèque, de Zdena Salivarová à Milan Kundera - Blaive, Muriel (Archives et histoire dans les sociétés postcommunistes, 2009)
Pendant soixante-dix ans, la recherche sur le monde soviétique s’est élaborée sans possibilité de recours aux sources primaires. « Discipline » à mi-chemin entre l’histoire immédiate et la science politique, la soviétologie, comme on l’appelait alors, était privée de l’outil traditionnel de l’historien : les archives. De ce fait, elle était d’autant plus perméable aux présupposés idéologiques. Bien que leur ouverture soit encore partielle et inégale selon les pays, les archives du monde communiste ont permis des avancées notables dans l’historiographie. Traduisant le rapport qu’entretiennent aujourd’hui les sociétés postcommunistes avec leur passé, leur usage public a encouragé le questionnement sur la centralité accordée aux dossiers des polices politiques. D’autres lectures des archives de la surveillance, d’autres champs de recherche ont pu être explorés, qu’il s’agisse des relations entre les dirigeants et entre les États, des rapports entre l’État-Parti et la société ou encore de l’approfondissement d’épisodes majeurs de l’histoire comme la Shoah à l’Est, longtemps négligée. Revers de la médaille, l’ouverture des archives et la dramaturgie autour de leurs révélations ont mis en relief un usage public du passé qui rappelle la fragilité de l’histoire comme discipline autonome. Issu d’un colloque organisé par la BDIC à l’université de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre, cet ouvrage collectif rassemble des travaux d’archivistes et d’historiens qui tentent ici un bilan, vingt ans après la chute du Mur de Berlin, de l’apport de l’archive à l’historiographie et à l’intelligibilité de l’expérience communiste.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Westpolitik der SED 1948/49–1961: "Arbeit nach Westdeutschland" durch die Nationale Front, das Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten und das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit - Amos, Heike (De Gruyter Akademie Forschung, 1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Informatorul. Studiu asupra colaborării cu Securitatea - Albu, Mihai (2008)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Fara aportul colaboratorilor, Securitatea nu ar fi putut exercita un control atit de strict as…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Los fondos documentales del franquismo en los archivos militares - Rial Quintela, María del Carmen (La alargada sombra del franquismo naturaleza, mecanismos de pervivencia y huellas de la dictadura, 2019)
Section: La alargada sombra del franquismo: naturaleza, mecanismos de pervivencia y huellas de la dictadura
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Un archivo vivo de la guerra civil española. El auténtico archivo de la guerra - Núñez, Guillermo Pastor (Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural., 2019)
La movilización de todos los recursos durante la Guerra Civil Española alcanzó también el ámbito de la Cultura y la Gestión del Patrimonio. Si bien son más conocidas iniciativas relacionadas con el Museo del Prado o la Biblioteca Nacional, desde el principio se tuvo en cuenta la creación de un Archivo de la Guerra, donde se reunirían todos los testimonios escritos de todas aquellas unidades militares o asociaciones políticas que lucharon en defensa de la República. Este archivo, después de la guerra, fue incautado y perdió su carácter, pero los documentos que lo compusieron pasaron a formar parte de otros centros de conservación, donde se difunden bajo otro contexto. Con estas referencias ahora fragmentadas se ha podido reconstruir su historia y deducir su destino una vez terminada la Guerra Civil. Del mismo modo, esta reconstrucción histórica permite recuperar el sentido y la naturaleza de esta iniciativa archivística que, como un elemento de lucha y propaganda, supo sacar provecho de los archivos y ser narrador de la movilización social en defensa de la República. Recientemente, y de forma espontánea, han tenido lugar iniciativas que podrían emparentar con este archivo de la guerra, fórmulas para convertir los archivos en instrumentos vivos con una función social y reivindicativa de clase.
Number: 14
Keywords: Archival Science; Archives; Archivística; Community Archives; Documentary Heritage; Gestión del Patrimonio; Guerra Civil Española; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Spanish Civil War; clase obrera; cultura obrera; working class

EL ARCHIVO DE GUERRA CIVIL DE SALAMANCA. DE LA CAMPAÑA A LA TRANSICIÓN - Romero, Jesús ESPINOSA; López, Sofía RODRÍGUEZ (Paseo documental por el Madrid de antaño, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Los archivos españoles en el siglo XX: políticas archivísticas y producción bibliográfica - Alonso, Vicenta Cortés; Gómez, Pedro López; Quintana, Antonio González (ANABAD, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Puig Antich: La Transición inacabada - Bravo, Gutmaro Gómez (2014)
Una exhaustiva investigación del caso Puig Antich para cuestionar la imperfecta transición española.Los detalles del proceso contra el anarquista Salvador Puig Antich, último ejecutado por garrote vil en España hace cuarenta años, son aún hoy materia reservada. Solo gracias a la revisión del caso, que sigue abierto en Argentina, y a la documentación que se conserva en archivos de todo el mundo, ha sido posible desmentir una serie de tópicos de un episodio que marcó la hoja de ruta del final de una dictadura, incapaz ya de mantenerse sin el uso de la fuerza.La causa 106, dirigida por un juzgado militar de Barcelona entre octubre de 1973 y marzo de 1974, significó mucho más que una simple venganza por el atentado contra el presidente del Gobierno Carrero Blanco. Se cruzó con la primera crisis de su sucesor, Arias Navarro, abierta por la decisión de endurecer a toda costa la política represiva y terminar con cualquier experimento reformista. Tal y como revelan los informes de la embajada estadounidense, el principal interés del gobierno al retomar la pena de muerte era terminar con el malestar presente en los sectores más inmovilistas, especialmente entre el Ejército y la policía política. El caso se adentra así en un mundo que, a pesar de sufrir una serie de cambios, lógicos a lo largo de casi cuatro décadas de existencia, supuso la principal fuente de estabilidad de un régimen que comenzaba a resquebrajarse, seriamente, en ese mismo período.Puig Antich. La transición inacabada conduce, por último, al camino recorrido por una democracia que no ha invalidado las sentencias de los tribunales militares de la guerra y la dictadura. Y es una reflexión sobre cómo se ha ido fraguando una realidad de memorias enfrentadas, tan compleja como contradictoria, que muestra todavía hoy los efectos de la que fuese la dictadura más larga de Europa occidental.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Act 52 of 2007 - Medical care availability and reduction of error (MCARE) act. Chapter 4. Health care-associated infections - health.pa.gov (2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ley 46/1977, de 15 de octubre, de Amnistía - Jefatura del Estado (1977)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The making of the "Rape of Nanking": History and Memory in Japan, China, and the United States (A Study of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University) - Orr, James (Pacific Affairs, 2007)
In Japan's case, there was hardly any awareness of the Nanjing atrocities in wartime, such sensibilities being deprived of fuel by censorship and overwhelmed by popular war fever and the desire to see Japan as the champion of international justice. The civil war with the Nationalists and the ensuing Cold War meant that PRC propaganda regarding Nanjing focused on Nationalist incompetence and US dastardliness, as in purported ulterior motives behind the establishment of the Nanjing safety zone for civilian Chinese.
Num Pages: 3 Place: Vancouver, Canada
Keywords: Atrocities; Business And Economics; Cold War; Consciousness; History–History Of Asia; Political Science; Political Science–International Relations; Rape; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works

Identity Politics and the East China Sea: China as Japan's ‘Other’ - Yennie Lindgren, Wrenn; Lindgren, Petter Y. (Asian Politics & Policy, 2017)
This article contributes to the relational IR literature on identity politics and Sino-Japanese relations. Theoretically, we develop Rumelili's framework for studying modes of differentiation by incorporating the sectoral characteristics of key discourse signs. Empirically, we apply this framework to the construction of Self and Other in the official Japanese security discourse regarding the Senkaku Islands dispute from 2010–2014, a period of dispute climax that is meaningful for studying the (re)production of Japan's understanding of China. The inclusiveness of the discourse signs that Japan uses to construct China possibly opens up for a positive evolution of Sino-Japanese relations, as there is space for progress if China's behavior—and Japan's interpretation of it—proves to be more peaceful, transparent, and law-abiding. The findings also suggest, however, that the strong sense of superiority in Japan (and China) vis-à-vis a subordinate Other may not bode well for Sino-Japanese relations.
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/aspp.12332
Keywords: East China Sea; Japan; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; constructivism; identity; security policy; 东海; 关键词: 日本; 安全政策; 建构主义; 认同

Japanese Apologies for World War II: A Rhetorical Study: A Rhetorical Study - Yamazaki, Jane (Routledge, 2005)
Post-war Japan offers a compelling case study of national apologies for past wrongdoings. Actions of the Japanese Army and government during the Second World War caused enormous suffering and distress throughout Asia, leaving a legacy of resentment and distrust. Beginning in the mid-1980s, apology for wartime actions became a recurring issue for Japan. Repeated calls for apology from various quarters as well as repeated apologies by Japanese officials provide a rich source for the study of national apology and how public apology discourse develops over time. Unlike most rhetorical studies that focus on apologia in the broad sense, this study concentrates on the strategy of the ‘true apology.’ The study combines rhetorical, sociological and historical approaches to address multiple examples of Japanese apology during the period 1984 to 1995. The author suggests that motive is more complex than the ‘image restoration’ theory that is prevalent in rhetorical theory. More specifically, this study emphasizes repair of relationships, self-reflection leading to a ‘new’ improved identity and affirmation of moral principle as reasons for apology.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

China hails UNESCO listing of Nanjing massacre files - Xinhua (China.org.cn, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

UNESCO listing of Nanjing massacre shows global consensus- China.org.cn - Xinhua (China.org.cn, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Terms of Reference: Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on the Examination of the Most Appropriate Legal Framework for the Memory of the World (MoW) Programme - Unesco; Memory of the World (Unesco, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Yasukuni Shrine: History, Memory, and Japan’s Unending Postwar - Takenaka, Akiko (University of Hawai'i Press, 2015)
This is the first extensive English-language study of Yasukuni Shrine as a war memorial. It explores the controversial shrine's role in waging war, promoting peace, honoring the dead, and, in particular, building Japan's modern national identity. It traces Yasukuni's history from its conceptualization in the final years of the Tokugawa period and Japan's wars of imperialism to the present. Author Akiko Takenaka departs from existing scholarship on Yasukuni by considering various themes important to the study of war and its legacies through a chronological and thematic survey of the shrine, emphasizing the spatial practices that took place both at the shrine and at regional sites associated with it over the last 150 years. Rather than treat Yasukuni as a single, unchanging ideological entity, she takes into account the social and political milieu, maps out gradual transformations in both its events and rituals, and explicates the ideas that the shrine symbolizes. Takenaka illuminates the ways the shrine's spaces were used during wartime, most notably in her reconstructions, based on primary sources, of visits by war-bereaved military families to the shrine during the Asia-Pacific War. She also traces important episodes in Yasukuni's postwar history, including the filing of lawsuits against the shrine and recent attempts to reinvent it for the twenty-first century. Through a careful analysis of the shrine's history over one and a half centuries, her work views the making and unmaking of a modern militaristic Japan through the lens of Yasukuni Shrine. Yasukuni Shrine: History, Memory, and Japan's Unending Postwar is a skilled and innovative examination of modern and contemporary Japan's engagement with the critical issues of war, empire, and memory. It will be of particular interest to readers of Japanese history and culture as well as those who follow current affairs and foreign relations in East Asia. Its discussion of spatial practices in the life of monuments and the political use of images, media, and museum exhibits will find a welcome audience among those engaged in memory, visual culture, and media studies.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Towards a ‘common’ view of difficult past? The representation of atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in trilateral teaching materials - Szczepanska, Kamila (Journal of Peace Education, 2017)
The centrality of atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japanese collective memory has been often perceived by the country’s neighbours, i.e. the People’s Republic of China and South Korea, as a pillar of the country’s (alleged) ‘victim consciousness’ and amnesia in regard to the suffering inflicted on others. For this reason, the matter of how Hiroshima and Nagasaki’s fate is discussed on the pages of joint teaching materials is an interesting puzzle. The article uses two supplementary history teaching materials published within a framework of trilateral cooperation between non-governmental actors from the PRC, South Korea and Japan (History that Opens the Future [Mirai o hiraku rekishi] and The New Modern and Contemporary History of East Asia [Atarashi Higashi Ajia no kingendaishi]) as case studies to investigate how the fate and meaning of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are represented in the above-mentioned books. The article discusses traces of contestation and negotiation over the representation of the atomic bombings emerging from relevant descriptions, and the extent to which the narrative on Japanese wartime suffering is included in these materials. The findings concerning the atomic bombings are discussed in relation to broader topic of reconciliation and alleviating the burden of wartime past in East Asia for the purpose of building peaceful future.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The importance of ‘Othering’ in China's national identity: Sino-Japanese relations as a stage of identity conflicts - Suzuki, Shogo (The Pacific Review, 2007)
Recent studies have increasingly argued that the Chinese leadership uses Japan’s imperialistic past as a tool for domestic and political bargaining. However, this argument fails to appreciate the embedded nature of negative memories within China. This article forwards an alternative argument by situating Japanese militaristic history within Chinese national identity. By examining a wide range of Chinese primary sources often underutilized by International Relations (IR) analysts, it moves beyond narrow, elite-centred explanations. The article argues that modern China’s national identity has been characterized by an acute sense of ‘victimhood’ arising from its turbulent interactions with International Society, and that Japan plays an important role as an ‘Other’ which enhances China’s self-image as a ‘victim’. Furthermore, it claims that Japan’s emergence as an ‘Other’ in China’s national identity is a by-product of China’s attempts to regain its social and moral legitimacy within a post-Cold War International Society increasingly dominated by the Western powers. By highlighting the deeply entrenched nature of Japanese imperialist history in China’s national identity, the article also shows that history is more than just part of a ‘toolkit’ that can be rationally utilized by the political elite, and that states are moral agents that are deeply affected by history.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 27, 2017 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 14, 2016 (PM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary June 3, 2016 (PM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary November 9, 2015 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 13, 2015 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary Wednesday, June 11, 2014 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

History textbooks and the wars in Asia: divided memories - Shin, Gi-Wook; Sneider, Daniel C. (Routledge, 2011)
OCLC: ocn651914367
Keywords: 20th century; East Asia; Historiography; History; Military Historiography; History; Military Study and teaching (Secondary); History; Military Textbooks; Nationalism and education; Nationalism and historiography; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Social aspects

Mediated Massacre: Digital Nationalism and History Discourse on China's Web - Schneider, Florian (The Journal of Asian Studies, 2018)
On China's web, networked actors ranging from state agencies to private Internet users engage in highly active online discourse. Yet as diverse as this discourse may be, political content remains highly regulated, particularly on issues that affect the legitimacy of the ruling party. A prominent issue in this regard has been modern Chinese history, particularly the "national humiliation" that Japan inflicted on China's populace during events like the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. This article asks how the discourse on this particular event is structured on China's web, and what such practices of digital "remembering" can tell us about nationalism in the information age. Combining content analysis and digital tools, the article shows how the mass-media model that the Chinese authorities and various commercial actors apply to the web ultimately reproduces the very logic of "imagined communities" that makes reconciliation of historical disputes in East Asia so protracted.
Num Pages: 24 Place: Ann Arbor, United Kingdom
Keywords: Asian Studies; Asian history; Chinese languages; Collective memory; Communication; Content analysis; Cultural heritage; Digital broadcasting; Digital media; Discourse; Disputes; Encyclopedias; Government agencies; Historiography; Humiliation; Information sources; International relations; Internet; Knowledge; Legitimacy; Literature; Mass media; Mass murders; Massacres; Memory; Modern history; Narratives; Nation states; National reconciliation; Nationalism; Political Science–International Relations; Political discourse; Political power; Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works; Social networks

The History Problem: The Politics of War Commemoration in East Asia - Saito, Hiro (University of Hawaii Press, 2016)
Seventy years have passed since the end of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains embroiled in controversy with its neighbors over the war’s commemoration. Among the many points of contention between Japan, China, and South Korea are interpretations of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and compensation for foreign victims of Japanese aggression, prime ministerial visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the war’s portrayal in textbooks. Collectively, these controversies have come to be called the “history problem.” But why has the problem become so intractable? Can it ever be resolved, and if so, how? To answer these questions author Hiro Saito mobilizes the sociology of collective memory and social movements, political theories of apology and reconciliation, psychological research on intergroup conflict, and philosophical reflections on memory and history. The history problem, he argues, is essentially a relational phenomenon caused when nations publicly showcase self-serving versions of the past at key ceremonies and events: Japan, South Korea, and China all focus on what happened to their own citizens with little regard for foreign others. Saito goes on to explore the emergence of a cosmopolitan form of commemoration taking humanity, rather than nationality, as its primary frame of reference, an approach increasingly used by a transnational network of advocacy NGOs, victims of Japan’s past wrongdoings, historians, and educators. When cosmopolitan commemoration is practiced as a collective endeavor by both perpetrators and victims, Saito argues, a resolution of the history problem—and eventual reconciliation—will finally become possible.The History Problem examines a vast corpus of historical material in both English and Japanese, offering provocative findings that challenge orthodox explanations. Written in clear and accessible prose, this uniquely interdisciplinary book will appeal to sociologists, political scientists, and historians researching collective memory, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, and international relations—and to anyone interested in the commemoration of historical wrongs.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? - Rose, Caroline (Routledge, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 13, 2017 (AM) | Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet - Nogami, Kotaro (2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A failure of global documentary heritage? UNESCO's ‘memory of the world’ and heritage dissonance in East Asia - Nakano, Ryoko (Contemporary Politics, 2018)
UNESCO’s ‘Memory of the World’ Programme promotes the preservation, universal access and public awareness of the world’s signiﬁcant documents as the common heritage of all humankind. The inscription of the ‘Documents of Nanjing Massacre’ into the ‘Memory of the World’ Register in 2015 reﬂects an increasingly globalised concern in the post–Cold War era over the remembrance of war and atrocity. Yet it has reignited the tension between Japan and China, resulting in strong pressure on UNESCO to reform its selection process for contested heritage. This paper addresses the limitations encountered by UNESCO in pursuing the promotion of global documentary heritage from an English School perspective. The 2015 controversy is relevant and indicative to an important question of International Relations on an inherent tension between the solidarist forces of promoting a normative agenda on human rights and common heritage and the pluralist pull of maintaining sovereignty and bringing heritage back to the hands of states.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics - Lind, Jennifer (Cornell University Press, 2010)
Governments increasingly offer or demand apologies for past human rights abuses, and it is widely believed that such expressions of contrition are necessary to promote reconciliation between former adversaries. The post-World War II experiences of Japan and Germany suggest that international apologies have powerful healing effects when they are offered, and poisonous effects when withheld. West Germany made extensive efforts to atone for wartime crimes-formal apologies, monuments to victims of the Nazis, and candid history textbooks; Bonn successfully reconciled with its wartime enemies. By contrast, Tokyo has made few and unsatisfying apologies and approves school textbooks that whitewash wartime atrocities. Japanese leaders worship at the Yasukuni Shrine, which honors war criminals among Japan's war dead. Relations between Japan and its neighbors remain tense.Examining the cases of South Korean relations with Japan and of French relations with Germany, Jennifer Lind demonstrates that denials of past atrocities fuel distrust and inhibit international reconciliation. In Sorry States, she argues that a country's acknowledgment of past misdeeds is essential for promoting trust and reconciliation after war. However, Lind challenges the conventional wisdom by showing that many countries have been able to reconcile without much in the way of apologies or reparations. Contrition can be highly controversial and is likely to cause a domestic backlash that alarms?rather than assuages?outside observers. Apologies and other such polarizing gestures are thus unlikely to soothe relations after conflict, Lind finds, and remembrance that is less accusatory-conducted bilaterally or in multilateral settings-holds the most promise for international reconciliation.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

On the Persistence of the Japanese History Problem: Historicism and the International Politics of History - Koyama, Hitomi (Routledge, 2018)
In Japan, people often refer to August 15, 1945 as the end of
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

New inscriptions on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register (Statement by Foreign Press Secretary Yasuhisa Kawamura) - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives for a Peaceful Future: A Guidance Note for Working with the Archives of Truth Commissions in Dealing with the Past - Rubli, Sandra (Swisspeace, 2013)
Google-Books-ID: CisEswEACAAJ
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

38th session of the General Conference of UNESCO Speech by the head of the Japanese delegation - Hase, Hiroshi (Unesco, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Sino-Japanese battle for soft power: pitfalls and promises - Hagström, Linus (Global Affairs, 2015)
Beijing and Tokyo are currently involved in a zero-sum battle for soft power. Both governments are actively trying to shape how third party actors understand contested matters in their bilateral relationship. The dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands is the most obvious flashpoint in this ongoing struggle for hearts and minds. A soft power battle might seem like an innocent endeavour, but by entrenching enmity and legitimizing armed conflict, it might actually translate into one where hard power takes centre stage. Indeed, that the dissemination and entrenchment of affective identity narrative make violence seem normal, natural, realistic or perhaps even inevitable is the greatest danger associated with the ongoing Sino-Japanese dispute. However, if both parties were to agree to let the International Court of Justice settle their discord, the islands dispute could provide them with a chance to boost their respective soft power and lay the groundwork for a more peaceful order in East Asia. The article thus argues that the Sino-Japanese soft power battle contains both well-known pitfalls and a less well-known promise.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2015.990798
Keywords: China; Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands; Japan; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; identity; narrative; soft power

Temporal othering, de-securitisation and apologies: understanding Japanese security policy change - Gustafsson, Karl (Journal of International Relations and Development, 2020)
For several decades, Japan kept in place significant self-imposed constraints on its security policy even as its economy grew tremendously. While it has been argued that Japan refrained from enacting security policy change because of strong domestic pacifist or anti-militarist sentiments, recently, radical policy changes have nonetheless taken place. How can these changes be understood? The existing explanations typically see them as a response to objectively existing or constructed external threats. Such threat constructions might have contributed to the policy changes, but do not fully account for how the conditions that previously limited similar changes have altered. This article combines temporal othering and de-securitisation theory to account more fully for the policy changes. It shows that during the post-war period, Japan’s temporal other, that is its wartime self, was securitised within Japan, limiting changes in security policy. More recently, however, a de-securitisation of the Japanese temporal other has taken place, which has enabled more far-reaching policy change. Apologies have played a key role in this de-securitisation process by repeating and strengthening an identity narrative about how fundamentally different Japan has become from its past wartime self.
Num Pages: 511-534 Place: London, United Kingdom
Keywords: Apology; De-securitisation; Japan; Re-articulation; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Security; Temporal othering

Routinised recognition and anxiety: Understanding the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Review of International Studies, 2016)
Why do interstate relations deteriorate and become conflictual, even under conditions where one might expect improved ties? The article seeks an answer to this question through a case study of the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations in the twenty-first century, which took place despite the existence of several factors that might be thought likely to have led to an improvement. Existing theoretical approaches cannot fully explain this puzzle. The article argues that such deteriorations can result from disruptions to states' reciprocally performed routinised recognition, and identifies three mechanisms through which these can occur. To facilitate this argument, the article draws on scholarship on relational identity, recognition, and ontological security to develop a theory of identity construction that takes account of how self and other routinise the ways in which they recognise each other and how they react to the other's representational practices.
Num Pages: 21 Place: London, United Kingdom
Keywords: 21st century; Anxiety; Case studies; Identity; International relations; Ontology; Political Science–International Relations; Political theory; Power; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Scholarship

How to make former aggressors repent through shaming and praising: the case of Sino-Japanese relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Global Affairs, 2015)
The past wrongdoings of states have received increased attention in recent years, resulting in calls for contrition and apologies. Most commentary has provided policy advice primarily on how former aggressors should handle such “history problems”. The present article, by contrast, draws on insights from research on recognition and ontological security to construct a framework for how external actors can use shaming and praising to influence the ways in which former aggressors deal with the past. The framework is illustrated in a brief case study of Sino-Japanese relations. Three main policy prescriptions are presented: (1) denial of the former aggressor's identity should be avoided; (2) shaming should instead take the form of suggesting that the former aggressor's behaviour is not in accordance with its self-identity; and (3) such shaming is likely to be more successful if it is accompanied by praise for the target.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2015.1048625
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Sino-Japanese relations; apologies; history problems; ontological security; recognition; shaming

Identity and recognition: remembering and forgetting the post-war in Sino-Japanese relations - Gustafsson, Karl (The Pacific Review, 2015)
In the 1990s, Japanese views of China were relatively positive. In the 2000s, however, views of China have deteriorated markedly and China has increasingly come to be seen as ‘anti-Japanese’. How can these developments, which took place despite increased economic interdependence, be understood? One seemingly obvious explanation is the occurrence of ‘anti-Japanese’ incidents in China since the mid-2000s. I suggest that these incidents per se do not fully explain the puzzle. Protests against other countries occasionally occur and may influence public opinion. Nonetheless, the interpretation of such events arguably determines their significance. Demonstrations may be seen as legitimate or spontaneous. If understood as denying recognition of an actor's self-identity, the causes of such incidents are likely to have considerably deeper and more severe consequences than what would otherwise be the case. Through an analysis of Japanese parliamentary debates and newspaper editorials, the paper demonstrates that the Chinese government has come to be seen as denying Japan's self-identity as a peaceful state that has provided China with substantial amounts of official development aid (ODA) during the post-war era. This is mainly because China teaches patriotic education, which is viewed as the root cause of ‘anti-Japanese’ incidents. China, then, is not regarded as ‘anti-Japanese’ merely because of protests against Japan and attacks on Japanese material interests but for denying a key component of Japan's self-image. Moreover, the analysis shows that explicit Chinese statements recognising Japan's self-identity have been highly praised in Japan. The article concludes that if China recognises Japan's self-understanding of its identity as peaceful, Japan is more likely to stick to this identity and act accordingly whereas Chinese denials of it might empower Japanese actors who seek to move away from this identity and ‘normalise’ Japan, for example, by revising the pacifist Article Nine of the Japanese constitution.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2014.970053
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Sino-Japanese relations; anti-Japanism; identity; ontological security; recognition

Memory Politics and Ontological Security in Sino-Japanese Relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Asian Studies Review, 2014)
Most international relations (IR) research on the role of collective memory and representations of the past gives the impression that these primarily matter for states constrained internationally by their history as aggressors, such as Japan. How former perpetrator states represent the past is seen as important for bilateral relations because it may affect perceptions in previously victimised states. Representations of the past in the victimised states are seldom dealt with. This article argues that war memory in victimised states is also highly relevant for bilateral relations, since it is closely connected to “ontological security”, or the “security of identity”. By analysing Chinese ofﬁcial documents and Japanese parliamentary debates the article shows how the Chinese government has used representations of the past for ontological security purposes, and how in response Japanese political actors have politicised exhibits at Chinese war museums that are seen as a threat to Japanese identity and interests.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Is China's Discursive Power Increasing? The "Power of the Past" in Sino-Japanese Relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Asian Perspective, 2014)
The idea that China's rise, and more specifically its increased material capabilities, are about to produce a power shift in East Asia raises the question whether the Chinese government's ability to produce effects through discursive power has also increased. The government's use of discourses about China's war against Japan is a conspicuous example of attempts to exercise discursive power. Has China's ability to use the past for political purposes increased as its material capabilities have grown? To answer this question, I theorize on the use of discourses about the past on three levels-domestic, bilateral, and international. My analysis demonstrates that notwithstanding its increased material capabilities, the Chinese government's discursive power has actually decreased.
Num Pages: 23 Place: Seoul, United States
Keywords: Collective memory; Economic growth; Identity; International relations; Ontology; Political Science; Political Science–International Relations; Political power; Politics; Power; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Studies

NARRATIVES AND BILATERAL RELATIONS: RETHINKING THE “HISTORY ISSUE” IN SINO- JAPANESE RELATIONS - Gustafsson, Karl (Stockholm University, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

ARCHIVAL POLICIES IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Quintana, Antonio González (International Council on Archives, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

China to set up database for Nanjing Massacre files after UNESCO listing - Global Times - Xinhua Published (Global Times, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Japanese history textbook controversy at a crossroads?: joint history research, politicization of textbook adoption process, and apology fatigue in Japan - Fukuoka, Kazuya (Global Change, Peace & Security, 2018)
Japan’s kyōkasho mondai (history textbook controversy) is at a crossroads. This article tries to exemplify it through the analysis of three issue areas at three levels (international, domestic, and societal). Internationally, the study looks into the failure of much anticipated joint history writing projects with China (2006–2010) and South Korea (2002–2005, 2007–2010). Domestically, this study problematises the recent politicisation of the textbook adoption system through the analysis of the Yokohama and Tokyo cases. The article also discusses the role of Nippon Kaigi (The Japan Conference), an influential rightist lobbying group, in this process. In this conjunction, at the societal level, there seems to have been the growing sense of frustration and resignation with China / South Korea among the Japanese public (i.e. apology fatigue). All these suggest that there has been an underlying change in the landscape of history textbook controversy in Japan, which also cogently shows the on-going practical difficulty in building trustworthy relationships between Japan and China / South Korea. This study tries to offer a contextual understanding about the underlying conditions for (and, hence, the changing societal expectations about) textbook production, content and reception.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2018.1501012
Keywords: Correction; History textbook controversy; Japan; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; apology fatigue; joint history textbook research; securitization; textbook adoption process

The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography - Maier, Charles S. (University of California Press, 2000)
The Rape of Nanjing was one of the worst atrocities committed during World War II. On December 13, 1937, the Japanese army captured the city of Nanjing, then the capital of wartime China. According to the International Military Tribunal, during the ensuing massacre 20,000 Chinese men of military age were killed and approximately 20,000 cases of rape occurred; in all, the total number of people killed in and around the city of Nanjing was about 200,000. This carefully researched, intelligent collection of original essays considers the post-World War II treatment in China of the Nanjing Massacre and Japan. The book examines how the issue has developed as a political and diplomatic controversy in the five decades since World War II.In his introduction, Joshua A. Fogel raises the significant moral and historiographical issues that frame the other essays. Mark Eykholt then provides an account of postwar Chinese responses to the massacre. Takashi Yoshida assesses the attempts to downplay the incident and its effects, providing a revealing analysis of Japanese debates over Japan's role in the world and the continuing ambivalence of many Japanese toward their defeat in World War II. In the concluding essay, Daqing Yang widens the scope of the discussion by comparing the Nanjing historiographic debates to similar debates in Germany over the nature of the Holocaust.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Contested Memories in Chinese and Japanese Foreign Policy - Dian, Matteo (Chandos Publishing, 2017)
Contested Memories in Chinese and Japanese Foreign Policy explores the issue of memory and lack of reconciliation in East Asia. As main East Asian nations have never achieved a common memory of their pasts, in particular, the events of the Second World War and Sino-Japanese War, this book locates the issue of memory within International Relations theory, exploring the theoretical and practical link between the construction of a country’s identity and the formation and contestation of its historical memory and foreign policy.Provides an innovative theoretical frameworkDraws connections between the role of memory and foreign policyUses the interpretative theory of international relationsGives comparative perspective using the cases of China and JapanPresents in-depth analysis of the construction and contestation of national memory in China and Japan
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Nanjing Massacre memorial sees record visitors on Tomb-Sweeping Day - China - Chinadaily.com.cn - Xinhua (China daily, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Political Survival and Yasukuni in Japan's Relations with China - Cheung, Mong (Routledge, 2018)
What role does the political survival of prime ministers play in Japan’s relations with China over the Yasukuni issue? Three Japanese prime ministers, including Nakasone Yasuhiro, Hashimoto Ryutaro and Abe Shinzo, complied with China’s demands and stopped visiting the controversial Shrine in 1986, 1997 and 2007, respectively. By contrast, the Yasukuni controversy intensified between 2001 and 2006 when a popular Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro was determined to pay regular homage to the Yasukuni Shrine annually. Prime Minister Abe, who previously demonstrated restraint over the issue in his first term between 2006 and 2007, visited the Yasukuni unexpectedly in 2013 but not in 2014 or 2015. To explain this variation, this book presents an alternative interpretation of Japan’s official responses toward China’s pressure over the Yasukuni issue between 1985 and 2015 by applying a political survival approach that highlights the domestic political legitimacy of the Japanese prime minister or the ruling party.This book will be of great interest to students and researchers of Sino-Japanese relations, Japan’s foreign policy and international relations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Nomination Form - International Memory of the World Register - Documents of Nanjing Massacre - Central Archives of China; The Second Historical Archives of China; Liaoning Provincial Archives, China; Jilin Provincial Archives, China; Shanghai Municipal Archives, China; Nanjing Municipal Archives, China; The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders (UNESCO)
UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It seeks to build peace through international cooperation in education, the sciences, culture and communication. UNESCO’s programmes contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals defined in Agenda 2030, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015. Serving as a laboratory of ideas, UNESCO helps countries adopt international standards and manages programmes that foster the free flow of ideas and knowledge sharing. In this spirit, it develops educational tools to help people live as global citizens free of hate and intolerance. UNESCO works so that each child and citizen has access to quality education. By promoting cultural heritage and the equal dignity of all cultures, it strengthens bonds among nations. UNESCO fosters scientific programmes and policies that support development and cooperation. UNESCO stands up for freedom of expression, as a fundamental right and a key condition for democracy and development.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

China: The Pessoptimist Nation - Callahan, William A. (Oxford University Press, 2012)
The rise of China presents a long-term challenge to the world not only economically, but politically and culturally. Callahan meets this challenge in China: The Pessoptimist Nation by using new Chinese sources and innovative analysis to see how Chinese people understand their new place in the world.To chart the trajectory of its rise, the book shifts from examining China's national interests to exploring its national aesthetic. Rather than answering the standard social science question "what is China?" with statistics of economic and military power, this book asks "when, where, and who is China?" to explore the soft power dynamics of China's identity politics.China: The Pessoptimist Nation shows how the heart of Chinese foreign policy is not a security dilemma, but an identity dilemma. Through careful analysis, Callahan charts how Chinese identity emerges through the interplay of positive and negative feelings in a dynamic that intertwines China's domestic and international politics. China thus is the pessoptimist nation where national security is closely linked to nationalist insecurities.Callahan concludes that this interactive view of China's pessoptimist identity means that we need to rethink the role of the state and public opinion in Beijing's foreign policy-making.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

国会会議録検索システム - kokkai.ndl.go.jp (kokkai.ndl.go.jp)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Encoded Archival Description (EAD) - Society of American Archivists (Society of American Archivists, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

ISDF International Standard for Describing Functions - Committee on Best Practices and Standards (International Council on Archives, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

ISAD(G): General international standard archival description; adopted by the Committee on Descriptive Standards, Stockholm, Sweden, 19-22 Sept. 1999 - International Council of Archives (International Council on Archives, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Gacaca Courts, Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Justice without Lawyers - Clark, Phil (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
This is a timely empirical study and review of the Gacaca Courts which were established in 2001 in Rwanda as an attempt to prosecute suspects involved in the 1994 genocide. Based on the author's original field work which began in 2003 in Rwanda and which has been updated to the end of 2009, it includes responses from within the Rwandan population. Dr. Clark argues that, despite widespread international scepticism, the Gacaca process has achieved remarkable results in terms of justice and reconciliation, although this has often come at a price, especially the re-traumatisation of many Rwandans who have participated firsthand in hearings. This book will appeal to a wide global readership crossing human rights, transitional justice and African studies for its combination of original empirical data with a socio-legal analysis.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State Coordinated Violence in Chad under Hissène Habré - Silva, Romesh; Klingner, Jeff; Weikart, Scott (Human Rights Data Analysis Group, 2010)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La Plaine des Morts - Le Tchad de Hissène Habré, 1982-1990 - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2013)
Cet ouvrage de 714 pages, intitulé La Plaine des Morts, se base sur treize années de recherches pour démontrer que Habré était personnellement impliqué dans les abus perpétrés lorsqu’il était au pouvoir de 1982 à 1990, essentiellement par le biais du contrôle étroit qu’il exerçait sur sa redoutée police politique, la Direction de la Documentation et de la Sécurité (DDS).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les crimes et détournements de l'ex-président Habré et de ses complices: Rapport de la Commission d'enquête nationale, Ministère tchadien de la justice - Chad Ministère de la Justice (L'Harmattan, 1993)
Les crimes et détournements de l'ex-président Habré et de ses complices (rapport).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Œuvres complètes - Camus, Albert (La Pléiade, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Chronique d'une enquête criminelle nationale: Le cas du régime de Hissein Habré, 1982-1990 - Abakar, Mahamat Hassan (Editions L'Harmattan, 2007)
Le 29 décembre 1990, très peu de temps après la prise du pouvoir par Idriss Déby, est créée une commission d'enquête chargée de faire la lumière sur les crimes et détournements commis par Hissein Habré et son gouvernement. L'auteur a été président de cette commission. Le rapport final est remis en 1992 et fait état de 40000 victimes, plus de 80000 orphelins, plus de 30000 veuves... Aucune des quatorze recommandations concluant ce rapport n'a été mise à exécution et la plupart des bourreaux d'hier ont été réhabilités et sévissent dans les services sécuritaires du nouveau gouvernement...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Supported by France, Convicted by Africa France-Chad Relations during the Hissène Habré’s Rule (1982-1990) - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Allié de la France, condamné par l’Afrique - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
Le rapport décrit comment la France a apporté une aide cruciale à Hissène Habré dans sa prise de pouvoir au Tchad, alors même qu’il était déjà évident qu’il utilisait des méthodes d'une extrême brutalité.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

US, France Backed Convicted Chad Dictator - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
The United States and France were well aware of Hissène Habré’s brutal record, and yet continued to support him throughout his rule. Both countries should examine how and why they supported a man convicted of crimes against humanity.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal) - International Court of Justice (icj-cij.org, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

UNESCO Women in Africa History - Unesco (Unesco, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

TALKING ABOUT ROSE, PRISONER OF HISSÈNE HABRÉ. English subtitles - Miss Wasabi Films (2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Trial of Hissène Habré - A Senegalese Merchant Testifies - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Enabling a Dictator: the United States and Chad's Hissène Habré 1982-1990 - Human Rights Watch (Organization) (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
"The report, 'Enabling a Dictator: The United States and Chad's Hissène Habré 1982-1990s,' describes how France, and especially the United States, were pivotal in bringing Habré to power, although signs of his brutality were already evident. The two countries saw Habré as a bulwark against the expansionist designs of Libyas Muammar Gaddafi, whose forces were occupying northern Chad. Human Rights Watch details how both the United States and France continued to provide Habrés government with critical support, even as it committed widespread and systematic human rights violations"–Publisher's description
OCLC: ocn953209701
Keywords: 1900-1999; 20th century; Atrocities; Chad; Crimes against humanity; Genocide; Habré; Hissein; Human rights; Politics and government; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Social conditions; War criminals

Benetech and Human Rights - Benetech (Benetech | Software for Social Good)
Over the years, Benetech has provided human rights organizations with purpose built software, as well as technology training and research. Explore some of our past projects: JusticeAI – Ethical Artificial Intelligence for Human Rights Defenders Smartphones and other digital technology has enabled more and more people to bear witness to their own history, testifying digitally against the perpetrators of […]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Patrick Ball, PhD - Human Rights Data Analysis Group (HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group)
Patrick Ball has spent thirty years doing quantitative analysis for truth commissions, non-governmental organizations, international criminal tribunals, and United Nations missions. His work has been conducted in El Salvador, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Haiti, South Africa, Chad, Sri Lanka, East Timor, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Kosovo, Liberia, Perú, ...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Chasseur de dictateurs - Vidéo Dailymotion - Hazan, Pierre (2007)
De 1982 à 1990, Hissène Habré a fait peser une dictature sanglante sur le Tchad. Renversé en 1990, il s'est réfugié au Sénégal. Reed Brody, l'un des dirigeants de l'association Human Rights Watch, le traque avec le droit comme arme. En voir plus sur : http://www.vodeo.tv/5-31-2044-chasseur-de-dictateurs.html?PARTID=9084
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Hissène Habré : le jour où nous sommes tombés sur les documents de la terreur - Le Monde (Le Monde.fr, 2015)
Le procès de l’ex-dictateur tchadien s’ouvre ce lundi au Sénégal. Le spécialiste Pierre Hazan raconte comment il a pénétré, avec un représentant de Human Rights Watch, dans le QG de l’ex-police politique et découvert un trésor de documents
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Jugement de la Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d’Assises - Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire D'assises (2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Senegal: Obama Backs Hissène Habré Court - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2013)
President Barack Obama’s endorsement of Senegal’sefforts to bring to book the former Chadiandictator Hissène Habré is a recognition of the case’s importance for African justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

When Tyrants Tremble: The Pinochet Report - Human Rights Watch (1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La vulnérabilité du monde: Démocraties et violences à l’heure de la globalisation - Ruiz, Leopoldo Múnera; Nanteuil, Matthieu de (Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2021)
La chute du mur de Berlin ne comportait-elle pas la promesse d’une paix durable ? Ce livre analyse la perpétuation de violences de toutes sortes dans un monde dont le totalitarisme ne constitue plus la référence centrale. À l’heure de la globalisation, il montre que ces violences relèvent de dynamiques hétérogènes : conflits armés, mais aussi arbitraire étatique, brutalités du capitalisme, exclusions physiques ou symboliques. Parallèlement, il souligne combien les sociétés résistent à de telles violences, en faisant usage du droit, des politiques publiques, des leviers socio-économiques, des pratiques artistiques. Scandant les différentes parties du livre, trois études manifestent, photos à l’appui, la fonction éthique et politique de l’art. En contrepoint de la barbarie, l’aspiration à la beauté déstabilise la rhétorique de l’oubli, favorise le travail critique et le retour sur soi. Toute la force du livre tient dans le dévoilement de ces poussées contradictoires. Quelle en sera l’issue ? Nul ne le sait. Alors que les interdépendances techniques et économiques n’ont jamais été aussi fortes, notre monde est traversé par des divisions profondes. Le sens commun est en crise. Le projet démocratique y survivra-t-il ? Fruit d’une collaboration pluriannuelle entre l’Université catholique de Louvain et l’Université nationale de Colombie, ce livre réunit les contributions de nombreux spécialistes à travers le monde, issus de disciplines variées (philosophie, droit, sciences politiques, histoire, sociologie, psychologie). Parti d’un intérêt croisé pour un pays - la Colombie - où la violence apparaît comme une caractéristique structurelle, mais qui dispose de l’une des constitutions démocratiques les plus avancées de la région, il étend son champ de préoccupations à l’Amérique latine (Mexique, Pérou, Chili), à l’Afrique (Tunisie, Rwanda), à l’Asie du Sud-Est et à l’Europe.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Politiques du pardon - Lefranc, Sandrine (Presses Universitaires France, 2002)
Dans de nombreuses démocraties ayant récemment succédé à des régimes autoritaires, bourreaux et victimes continuent de coexister. La haine est toujours présente malgré la mise en place de processus de "réconciliation" par les gouvernements actuels en Amérique du Sud comme en Afrique du Sud. Des réparations et l'établissement de la vérité sur les crimes commis devaient pallier l'absence de poursuites judiciaires, des lois d'amnistie devaient également représenter une première étape vers le pardon et la réconciliation. Faut-il pardonner aux agents d'un régime autoritaire qui ont torturé et fait disparaître des opposants par milliers ? Un pardon politique est-il possible ?Collection : La collection « Fondements de la politique », dirigée par Yves-Charles Zarka, Directeur de recherche au CNRS, accueille, dune part, des éditions de textes importants où les concepts fondamentaux de la politique peuvent être ressaisis dans leurs moments doctrinaux de formation, dinfléchissement ou de crise, dautre part, des travaux de recherche sur les auteurs ou les uvres de philosophie politique, enfin, des essais visant à renouveler la pensée politique contemporaine.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Final Comprehensive Report - Truth & Dignity Commission (The Final Comprehensive Report, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tunisia Truth Commission report (Part II): Justice and prisons, tools of oppression - Belhassine, Olfa (JusticeInfo.net, 2019)
Among the mechanisms on which the Bourguiba and Ben Ali regimes relied was the justice system which became a tool of government, and prisons, where all manner of violence and abuse took place. In its section on the mechanisms of systemic crimes, the report of the Truth and Dignity Commission (IVD) dissects these two tools […]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Grandeurs et misère de la Révolution tunisienne - Bedoui, Abdelmajid (Harmattan, 2014)
Ce livre analyse la dynamique qui s'est emparée de la Tunisie lors de la révolution des "Jasmins". Un vent de liberté souffle sur le pays. Mais l'extrémisme religieux et la violence perturbent cet élan vers la démocratie. L'histoire multimillénaire du pays, son esprit laïc et le statut de la femme tunisienne expliquent que ce pays n'ait pas sombré dans le chaos comme l'Egypte ou la Libye. En citant Mandela, Sade et d'autres acteurs de la révolution française, il fait un parallèle avec les acteurs de la révolution tunisienne pour permettre une meilleure compréhension des faits et donner des perspectives sur l'avenir du pays.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

L'archive sensible: mémoires, intimité et domination : Afrique, Amérique latine, Péninsule ibérique - Basto, Maria-Benedita; Marcilhacy, David (Editions Hispaniques, 2017)
Cet ouvrage s’interroge sur les relations entre mémoire, intimité et historiographie dans le contexte particulier des expériences de domination – colonialisme et dictatures – qui ont affecté les espaces (ex)impériaux des mondes ibériques contemporains. En s’appuyant sur différents cas d’étude (Afrique, Amérique latine, Péninsule ibérique), les chapitres qui composent ce volume explorent le double mouvement de domination et de subversion au prisme de ce que nous appelons l’archive sensible. Ce concept permet d’envisager des archives relevant de mémoires intimes, familiales, domestiques, individuelles ou collectives, et qui en ce sens, se confrontent avec des vécus émotionnels comme sources de savoir. En croisant questions théoriques et résultats de travaux de terrain, le volume contribue ainsi à penser l’apport et le rapport de ces sources à l’historiographie, tout en proposant une réflexion sur le concept même d’archive, qui l’ouvre à de nouveaux usages. (4e de couv.)
Google-Books-ID: oy3ctAEACAAJ
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

JUSTICE TRANSITIONNELLE DE L'AFRIQUE DU SUD AU RWANDA - Andrieu, Kora (Gallimard, 2012)
Justice transitionnelle ? Connais pas. Pourtant c'est désormais, dans les relations internationales, une "recette" devenue comme une norme qui s'appliquerait à tout pays sortant d'une dictature ou d'une guerre et aspirant à une vie politique et civique pacifiée. Les pays concernés sont aujourd'hui légion : Afrique du Sud, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Ouganda, Libye, Côte d'Ivoire, Égypte, Tunisie, Guinée, Maroc, sans oublier nombre de pays latino-américains et européens - ceux autrefois dominés à l'Est par les régimes communistes, ou l'Espagne hantée par les fosses communes du régime franquiste. Dans tous les cas, il a été question de "commissions Vérité et Réconciliation", de guérison des atrocités du passé par l'expression publique des victimes et d'éventuelles réparations financières ou symboliques, voire de la "fonction sociale" des procès de dictateurs et de tortionnaires. Or la culture démocratique ne se forge pas d'emblée dans ces normes cathartiques et la démocratie politique ne peut surgir de situations d'inégalités sociales et économiques iniques (l'Afrique du Sud et le Maroc le prouvent à l'envi). La justice transitionnelle n'a de chance de devenir réalité que si, au-delà de l'expression publique, trop souvent contrôlée, des victimes, celles-ci se transforment en authentiques acteurs de la démocratie grâce à la satisfaction de normes et d'attentes que sont la reconnaissance, la dignité, la tolérance, la confiance et l'autonomie. Voici la philosophie politique mise au défi de la réalité la plus crue, partout, maintenant.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tunisie - Une démocratisation au-dessus de tout soupçon ? - Geisser, Vincent; Allal, Amin (CNRS Editions, 2018)
Tunisie - Une démocratisation au-dessus de tout soupçon ? (EAN13 : 9782271118073) édité par CNRS Editions - Premières élections pluralistes, nouvelle constitution, multiplication des partis et des associations, montée des revendications des minorités sexuelles, régionales et religieuses, recomposition du personnel politico-administratif, explosion des conflits autour de la question sociale…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tutu and his role in the Truth & Reconciliation Commission | South African History Online - South African History Online: Towards a People’s History (sahistory.org.za)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Rainbow People of God: The Making of a Peaceful Revolution - Tutu, Desmond (Image, 1996)
The Rainbow People Of God traces South Africa's glorious victory over apartheid in the writings and speeches of one its central figures, Archbishop Desmond Tutu. From the graveside of Steven Biko to the triumphant inauguration of Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa, Tutu's words and presence helped shape events and led South Africa toward justice and freedom. This astonishing tapestry of narrative is not only a valuable historical document of those significant events, but it also showcases the unique sense of spirit of one of the foremost spiritual leaders in the world. Tested through the greatest adversity, these writings will endure for generations to come by their truly powerful combination of compassion and strength.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ahmed Timol: the quest for justice for people murdered in apartheid's jails - Thomas, Kylie (The Conversation, 2019)
In South Africa’s criminal justice system post-1994, the Timol case is the first to enact what can be properly understood as restorative justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Overview: South African Human Rights Commission: PAIA 2011/12 annual report - Parliament of the Republic of South Africa (Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Accounting and reconciling in the balance sheet of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Rousseau, Nicky; Fullard, Madeleine (Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 2009)
A body of critical academic literature has characterized the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as a nation-building enterprise with reconciliation as its core. Although this literature is especially influential within South African scholarship, the association of the TRC with reconciliation has become a far wider orthodoxy. An engagement with the full range of the TRC's hearings, its institutional practice and its seven-volume report demonstrates a more contested perspective, involving a wider range of actors, and contending directions, most notably a drive to establish accountability for human rights’ abuse.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17447140802393313
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission; accountability and human rights' abuse; nation-building; reconciliation; transitional justice; truth commissions

Public Access to Information for Development: A Guide to the Effective Implementation of Right to Information Laws - Lemieux, Victoria L.; Trapnell, Stephanie E. (The World Bank, 2016)
ISBN: 9781464808791
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict - Bien, William J.; Bouckaert, Peter; Hanson, Alan; Khachikian, Arthur; King, Kevin; Laudy, Mark; Levy, Tali; Messing, Barbara; Stettenheim, Joel; Tang, Rock; Weinthal, Erika (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999)
The international community can creatively and aggressively address deadly conflict through mediation, arbitration, and the development of international institutions to promote reconciliation. The editors of this book designed a systematic framework with which contributors compare third party intervention in twelve conflicts of the postDCold War period. They examine the role of international organizations_the United Nations, international development banks, and international law institutions_and they analyze the tools and forms of leverage in successful and unsuccessful mediations. Based on the case studies, the editors identify the most effective institutions, make recommendations for improving interventions, and elucidate several important insights into the mediation process and the role of the international community in dispute resolution.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Overcoming the apartheid legacy: the special case of the Freedom Charter - Dominy, Graham (Archival Science, 2013)
This paper outlines the construction of the ‘‘ofﬁcial’’ archives of the South African apartheid state and the distorted view they contain concerning social and political realities. Therefore, the colonial and apartheid legacies are examined in a broader context as an oppressive social and political system, as well as in the more speciﬁc context of how their legacy is reﬂected in the ofﬁcial archives. The development and popular endorsement of the Freedom Charter of 1955 was a seminal moment of challenge to the increasing oppression of the apartheid state. In later decades, the Freedom Charter became an iconic reference point in the antiapartheid struggle and the inspiration for the construction of a constitutional democracy in the 1990s. The process of its creation stands in stark contrast to the processes of creation of ofﬁcial records and archives. The paper also examines the survival of the Freedom Charter and the struggle to save it from auction in London and secure its safe passage to the National Archives of South Africa. Finally, questions of meaning and ideological signiﬁcance are asked in relation to the role of a National Archives in the current dominant historical narrative.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa [No. 108 of 1996] - STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA-CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA-CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, 1996)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Why the past matters : studying public administration in South Africa - Chipkin, I.; Meny-Gibert, S. (Journal of Public Administration, 2012)
The state of the public sector in South Africa is heavily influenced by particular histories of state administration related to the legacy of apartheid and the nature of the political transition to democracy. We suggest, however, that there is a paucity of scholarly work in the discipline of Public Administration which takes into account this legacy and the manner in which the public sector is embedded in broader social, political and economic relations. This has had significant consequences for the particular models of public administration adopted. In making our case for the importance of applying a historical lens to the study of the public sector, we draw on research on the incorporation of the former Bantustans into provincial government administration in South Africa.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Paper Wars: Access to Information in South Africa - Allan, Kate (Wits University Press, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State of the Archives: An Analysis of South Africa’s National Archival System, 2014 - The Archival Platform (The Archival Platform, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The odd couple: why an apartheid activist joined forces with a murderer - Leun, Justine van der (The Guardian, 2015)
Madeleine Fullard leads a team of investigators searching South Africa for the remains of murdered activists. Eugene de Kock led the police squad that killed dozens of them. Could the two of them work together to solve the mystery of apartheid’s disappeared?
Keywords: ANC (African National Congress); Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; South Africa

How South Africa can do better at reversing apartheid's legacies - Oosthuizen, Marius (The Conversation, 2019)
In matters of policy-making and governing, understanding the systemic complexity of interrelated forces is crucial to avoiding failure.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa report - Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Netherlands Found Partially Liable for Srebrenica Deaths - BIRN (Balkan Insight, 2017)
A Dutch appeals court found the Netherlands partially liable for the deaths of around 300 Bosniaks from Srebrenica who were killed after being expelled from a Dutch UN peacekeepers’ base in 1995.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Agreement between the United States of America and France, Claims and Dispute Resolution, TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 15-1101 - Department of State - United States of America (Department of State - United States of America, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Accountability, Transparency and Access to Information - Claude, Roberto (International Council on Archives)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada - Government of Canada (canada.ca, 2021)
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) supports Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) and Northerners in their efforts to improve social well-being and economic prosperity; develop healthier, more sustainable communities and participate more fully in Canada's political, social and economic development – to the benefit of all Canadians.
Last Modified: 2021-06-17
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape - Callimachi, Rukmini (The New York Times, 2015)
Claiming the Quran’s support, the Islamic State codifies sex slavery in conquered regions of Iraq and Syria and uses the practice as a recruiting tool.
Keywords: Human Rights Watch; Human Rights and Human Rights Violations; Human Trafficking; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS); Mosul (Iraq); References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Series; Sex Crimes; Sinjar (Iraq); Syria; Tal Afar (Iraq); Terrorism; Women and Girls; Yazidi (Religious Sect)

ICRC collects DNA to identify Lebanon's civil war dead - AFP (Yahoo!News, 2016)
The International Committee of the Red Cross has started collecting DNA samples to help identify thousands of people who disappeared during Lebanon's 1975-1990 civil war, the ICRC said Friday. The ICRC called on the Lebanese authorities to create a "national mechanism" to help match victims' bodies with their families. "It is more than 40 years since the events took place and we are still asking ourselves how we are going to give answers to the families," said Fabrizzio Carboni, the ICRC's chief in Lebanon.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Chile: ICRC stores DNA in search for missing persons - ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2015)
Alicia and Lorena are looking for answers. Some of their family went missing in Chile between 1973 and 1990 under the military regime. They are just two of the many people still struggling to find out what happened to relatives. As they search for truth and justice, they've given blood samples to help trace their missing relatives. The inclusion of DNA analyses in forensic practice means that their blood samples might help to find out what has happened to some of the disappeared.
Archive Location: The Americas/Chile
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Where is my name? Afghan women fight for their own identity - Joya, Bahaar (Reuters, 2017)
In Afghanistan's patriarchal society, a woman's name should not be revealed, even on her grave.
Keywords: AFGHANISTAN; Afghanistan; Asia; Belief; Civil Liberties; Civil Rights; Fundamental Rights; Human Rights; Internet; NAME; Pacific; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Religion; Science; Social Media; Technology; US; WOMEN; Women's Issues; World Wide Web

Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Scaling Up Investment Plan 2015-2024 - The World Bank (World Bank)
Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Scaling Up Investment Plan 2015-2024
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Trust Fund Unveils Reparations Plan for Katanga Victims - Wakabi, Wairagala (International Justice Monitor, 2017)
The International Criminal Court's (ICC's) Trust Fund for Victims (TFV) has published a plan for implementing reparation awards to 297 victims of crimes committed by former Congolese militia leader German Katanga. According to an order by ICC judges, each victim will receive an individual symbolic c
Section: Germain Katanga & Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Compact of Free Association Act of 1985 - Office of Insular Affairs (doi.gov, 2015)
U.S. PUBLIC LAW 99-239 - JAN. 14, 1986[courtesy of RMI Government]U.S. Public Law 99-23999th CongressJoint ResolutionTo approve the "Compact of Free Association", and for other purposes.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Appendix A to Part 74 - Declarations of Eligibility by Persons Identified by the Office of Redress Administration and Requests for Documentation - Code of Federal Regulations (govinfo.gov, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Public Law 100–383 - 100th Congress (1988)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Truth-Justice-Reparations Interaction Effects in Transitional Justice Practice: The Case of the ‘Valech Commission’ in Chile - Collins, Cath (Journal of Latin American Studies, 2016)
Recent thinking and practice in transitional justice suggest that victims and societies hold indivisible, perhaps even simultaneous, rights to truth, justice and reparations after gross human rights violations. This article analyses the advantages and drawbacks of such holistic approaches to transitional justice, through a case study of Chile’s second oﬃcial truth commission, the ‘Valech Commission’. The article illustrates the politics of ongoing contestation about authoritarian era crimes in Latin America, showing how and why the commission was designed to deliver on certain truth-and-reparations obligations towards survivors of past state repression, while attempting to explicitly decouple truth revelations from judicial consequences. It also discusses the implications of associating truth-telling and reparations in a single instance, and in doing so contributes to debates about the potentially contradictory or counterproductive outcomes that may arise from the yoking together of truth, justice and reparations functions in transitional justice policy design.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Comissão de Anistia (Ministério dos Direitos Humanos e da Cidadania)
A Comissão de Anistia, criada pela Lei nº 10.559/2002, é órgão de assessoramento direto e imediato do Ministro de Estado da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos, tendo por finalidade específica analisar os requerimentos de anistia que tenham comprovação inequívoca dos fatos relativos à perseguição sofrida, de caráter exclusivamente política, bem como emitir parecer opinativo sobre os requerimentos de anistia, no sentido de assessorar o Ministro de Estado em suas decisões. Os requerimentos são analisados observando ordem cronológica de protocolo, aplicando-se requisitos específicos de prioridade como idade, doença, desemprego e renda inferior a cinco salários mínimos.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes, Volume III: Laws, Rulings, and Reports - Kritz, Neil J. (United States Institute of Peace, 1995)
Includes over 100 laws, regulations and decrees, constitutional provisions, judicial decisions, reports of official, commissions of inquiry, and treaty excerpts from 28 countries and from international organizations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos - Inicio - corteidh.or.cr (Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos - Inicio)
Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos - Inicio
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

American Convention on Human Rights - Inter-American Specialized Conference on Human Rights (CIDH.OAS.org, 1969)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights