Benetech and Human Rights - Benetech (Benetech | Software for Social Good)
Over the years, Benetech has provided human rights organizations with purpose built software, as well as technology training and research. Explore some of our past projects: JusticeAI – Ethical Artificial Intelligence for Human Rights Defenders Smartphones and other digital technology has enabled more and more people to bear witness to their own history, testifying digitally against the perpetrators of […]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Patrick Ball, PhD - Human Rights Data Analysis Group (HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group)
Patrick Ball has spent thirty years doing quantitative analysis for truth commissions, non-governmental organizations, international criminal tribunals, and United Nations missions. His work has been conducted in El Salvador, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Haiti, South Africa, Chad, Sri Lanka, East Timor, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Kosovo, Liberia, Perú, ...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Senegal: Obama Backs Hissène Habré Court - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2013)
President Barack Obama’s endorsement of Senegal’sefforts to bring to book the former Chadiandictator Hissène Habré is a recognition of the case’s importance for African justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

When Tyrants Tremble: The Pinochet Report - Human Rights Watch (1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Final Comprehensive Report - Truth & Dignity Commission (The Final Comprehensive Report, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tunisia Truth Commission report (Part II): Justice and prisons, tools of oppression - Belhassine, Olfa (JusticeInfo.net, 2019)
Among the mechanisms on which the Bourguiba and Ben Ali regimes relied was the justice system which became a tool of government, and prisons, where all manner of violence and abuse took place. In its section on the mechanisms of systemic crimes, the report of the Truth and Dignity Commission (IVD) dissects these two tools […]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tutu and his role in the Truth & Reconciliation Commission | South African History Online - South African History Online: Towards a People’s History (sahistory.org.za)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ahmed Timol: the quest for justice for people murdered in apartheid's jails - Thomas, Kylie (The Conversation, 2019)
In South Africa’s criminal justice system post-1994, the Timol case is the first to enact what can be properly understood as restorative justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Overview: South African Human Rights Commission: PAIA 2011/12 annual report - Parliament of the Republic of South Africa (Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Accounting and reconciling in the balance sheet of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Rousseau, Nicky; Fullard, Madeleine (Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 2009)
A body of critical academic literature has characterized the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as a nation-building enterprise with reconciliation as its core. Although this literature is especially influential within South African scholarship, the association of the TRC with reconciliation has become a far wider orthodoxy. An engagement with the full range of the TRC's hearings, its institutional practice and its seven-volume report demonstrates a more contested perspective, involving a wider range of actors, and contending directions, most notably a drive to establish accountability for human rights’ abuse.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17447140802393313
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission; accountability and human rights' abuse; nation-building; reconciliation; transitional justice; truth commissions

Public Access to Information for Development: A Guide to the Effective Implementation of Right to Information Laws - Lemieux, Victoria L.; Trapnell, Stephanie E. (The World Bank, 2016)
ISBN: 9781464808791
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Overcoming the apartheid legacy: the special case of the Freedom Charter - Dominy, Graham (Archival Science, 2013)
This paper outlines the construction of the ‘‘ofﬁcial’’ archives of the South African apartheid state and the distorted view they contain concerning social and political realities. Therefore, the colonial and apartheid legacies are examined in a broader context as an oppressive social and political system, as well as in the more speciﬁc context of how their legacy is reﬂected in the ofﬁcial archives. The development and popular endorsement of the Freedom Charter of 1955 was a seminal moment of challenge to the increasing oppression of the apartheid state. In later decades, the Freedom Charter became an iconic reference point in the antiapartheid struggle and the inspiration for the construction of a constitutional democracy in the 1990s. The process of its creation stands in stark contrast to the processes of creation of ofﬁcial records and archives. The paper also examines the survival of the Freedom Charter and the struggle to save it from auction in London and secure its safe passage to the National Archives of South Africa. Finally, questions of meaning and ideological signiﬁcance are asked in relation to the role of a National Archives in the current dominant historical narrative.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa [No. 108 of 1996] - STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA-CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA-CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, 1996)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Why the past matters : studying public administration in South Africa - Chipkin, I.; Meny-Gibert, S. (Journal of Public Administration, 2012)
The state of the public sector in South Africa is heavily influenced by particular histories of state administration related to the legacy of apartheid and the nature of the political transition to democracy. We suggest, however, that there is a paucity of scholarly work in the discipline of Public Administration which takes into account this legacy and the manner in which the public sector is embedded in broader social, political and economic relations. This has had significant consequences for the particular models of public administration adopted. In making our case for the importance of applying a historical lens to the study of the public sector, we draw on research on the incorporation of the former Bantustans into provincial government administration in South Africa.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Paper Wars: Access to Information in South Africa - Allan, Kate (Wits University Press, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State of the Archives: An Analysis of South Africa’s National Archival System, 2014 - The Archival Platform (The Archival Platform, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The odd couple: why an apartheid activist joined forces with a murderer - Leun, Justine van der (The Guardian, 2015)
Madeleine Fullard leads a team of investigators searching South Africa for the remains of murdered activists. Eugene de Kock led the police squad that killed dozens of them. Could the two of them work together to solve the mystery of apartheid’s disappeared?
Keywords: ANC (African National Congress); Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; South Africa

How South Africa can do better at reversing apartheid's legacies - Oosthuizen, Marius (The Conversation, 2019)
In matters of policy-making and governing, understanding the systemic complexity of interrelated forces is crucial to avoiding failure.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa report - Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Netherlands Found Partially Liable for Srebrenica Deaths - BIRN (Balkan Insight, 2017)
A Dutch appeals court found the Netherlands partially liable for the deaths of around 300 Bosniaks from Srebrenica who were killed after being expelled from a Dutch UN peacekeepers’ base in 1995.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Agreement between the United States of America and France, Claims and Dispute Resolution, TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 15-1101 - Department of State - United States of America (Department of State - United States of America, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Accountability, Transparency and Access to Information - Claude, Roberto (International Council on Archives)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada - Government of Canada (canada.ca, 2021)
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) supports Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) and Northerners in their efforts to improve social well-being and economic prosperity; develop healthier, more sustainable communities and participate more fully in Canada's political, social and economic development – to the benefit of all Canadians.
Last Modified: 2021-06-17
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape - Callimachi, Rukmini (The New York Times, 2015)
Claiming the Quran’s support, the Islamic State codifies sex slavery in conquered regions of Iraq and Syria and uses the practice as a recruiting tool.
Keywords: Human Rights Watch; Human Rights and Human Rights Violations; Human Trafficking; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS); Mosul (Iraq); References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Series; Sex Crimes; Sinjar (Iraq); Syria; Tal Afar (Iraq); Terrorism; Women and Girls; Yazidi (Religious Sect)

ICRC collects DNA to identify Lebanon's civil war dead - AFP (Yahoo!News, 2016)
The International Committee of the Red Cross has started collecting DNA samples to help identify thousands of people who disappeared during Lebanon's 1975-1990 civil war, the ICRC said Friday. The ICRC called on the Lebanese authorities to create a "national mechanism" to help match victims' bodies with their families. "It is more than 40 years since the events took place and we are still asking ourselves how we are going to give answers to the families," said Fabrizzio Carboni, the ICRC's chief in Lebanon.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Chile: ICRC stores DNA in search for missing persons - ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2015)
Alicia and Lorena are looking for answers. Some of their family went missing in Chile between 1973 and 1990 under the military regime. They are just two of the many people still struggling to find out what happened to relatives. As they search for truth and justice, they've given blood samples to help trace their missing relatives. The inclusion of DNA analyses in forensic practice means that their blood samples might help to find out what has happened to some of the disappeared.
Archive Location: The Americas/Chile
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Where is my name? Afghan women fight for their own identity - Joya, Bahaar (Reuters, 2017)
In Afghanistan's patriarchal society, a woman's name should not be revealed, even on her grave.
Keywords: AFGHANISTAN; Afghanistan; Asia; Belief; Civil Liberties; Civil Rights; Fundamental Rights; Human Rights; Internet; NAME; Pacific; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Religion; Science; Social Media; Technology; US; WOMEN; Women's Issues; World Wide Web

Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Scaling Up Investment Plan 2015-2024 - The World Bank (World Bank)
Global Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Scaling Up Investment Plan 2015-2024
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Trust Fund Unveils Reparations Plan for Katanga Victims - Wakabi, Wairagala (International Justice Monitor, 2017)
The International Criminal Court's (ICC's) Trust Fund for Victims (TFV) has published a plan for implementing reparation awards to 297 victims of crimes committed by former Congolese militia leader German Katanga. According to an order by ICC judges, each victim will receive an individual symbolic c
Section: Germain Katanga & Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Compact of Free Association Act of 1985 - Office of Insular Affairs (doi.gov, 2015)
U.S. PUBLIC LAW 99-239 - JAN. 14, 1986[courtesy of RMI Government]U.S. Public Law 99-23999th CongressJoint ResolutionTo approve the "Compact of Free Association", and for other purposes.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Appendix A to Part 74 - Declarations of Eligibility by Persons Identified by the Office of Redress Administration and Requests for Documentation - Code of Federal Regulations (govinfo.gov, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Public Law 100–383 - 100th Congress (1988)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Truth-Justice-Reparations Interaction Effects in Transitional Justice Practice: The Case of the ‘Valech Commission’ in Chile - Collins, Cath (Journal of Latin American Studies, 2016)
Recent thinking and practice in transitional justice suggest that victims and societies hold indivisible, perhaps even simultaneous, rights to truth, justice and reparations after gross human rights violations. This article analyses the advantages and drawbacks of such holistic approaches to transitional justice, through a case study of Chile’s second oﬃcial truth commission, the ‘Valech Commission’. The article illustrates the politics of ongoing contestation about authoritarian era crimes in Latin America, showing how and why the commission was designed to deliver on certain truth-and-reparations obligations towards survivors of past state repression, while attempting to explicitly decouple truth revelations from judicial consequences. It also discusses the implications of associating truth-telling and reparations in a single instance, and in doing so contributes to debates about the potentially contradictory or counterproductive outcomes that may arise from the yoking together of truth, justice and reparations functions in transitional justice policy design.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

American Convention on Human Rights - Inter-American Specialized Conference on Human Rights (CIDH.OAS.org, 1969)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

General Comment No. 31 [80] The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant Adopted on 29 March 2004 (2187th meeting) - United Nations Human Rights Committee (United Nations, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Question of the impunity of perpetrators of human rights violations (civil and political): Revised final report prepared by Mr. Joinet pursuant to Sub-Commission decision 1996/119 - Joinet, Louis (UN,, 1997)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study concerning the right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms : - Boven, Theodoor C. van (UN,, 1990)
Study concerning the right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms : preliminary report / submitted by Theo van Boven, Special Rapporteur.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power - General Assembly resolution 40/34 (OHCHR, 1985)
A. Victims of crime 1. "Victims" means persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member States, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

United Nations Congresses on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. 60 years of achievement - United Nations (United Nations, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 (A/RES/194 20(III)) - United Nations (United Nations, 1948)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Jewish Claims against East Germany: Moral Obligations and Pragmatic Policy - Timm, Angelika (Central European University Press, 1997)
This is the first comprehensive history of Jewish negotiations with East Germany regarding restitution and reparations for Nazi war crimes. Angelika Timm analyzes the politics of old and new anti-Semitism and the context in which they grew under the officially propagated ideology of antifascism. Investigating the mass of unpublished, newly available archival data from the United States, Israel, and the former German Democratic Republic, and more than forty personal interviews, Timm fills a critical gap in the scholarship on postwar Germany. She analyzes the role of the Holocaust and the image of Jews in the historical consciousness and political culture of East Germany and chronicles the efforts of Jewish organizations, especially the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, to negotiate reparations with the East German state. The unique relationship between ideology and Realpolitik defined the manner in which East Germany confronted the crimes of its past and allowed anti-Semitism to reemerge.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

German Reparations to the Jews after World War II: A Turning Point in the History of Reparations - Colonomos, Ariel; Armstrong, Andrea (The Handbook of Reparations, 2006)
The post-world war II German-Israeli reparations program is the largest, most comprehensive reparations program ever implemented. Traditionally, reparations were supported by the vanquished and were designed to compensate the victor for the damages caused during the war. The Wiedergutmachung (literally “making the good again”) program as it is called in Germany, or Shilumim (the payments) as Israelis usually prefer to refer to it, innovates in many areas and goes beyond this interstate framework. Jewish leaders participated in the Luxembourg negotiations that led to the signature of the 1952 treaty, and community networks played a crucial role in the distribution of the money to the victims. Civil society groups played an instrumental role in the United States as plans for reparations were being discussed during the war. Neither the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) nor Israel existed during the war. Reparations have been paid to the state of Israel and were paid to Jewish Holocaust survivors regardless of their nationality. The FRG benefited politically and economically from this treaty. It was able to enter the international arena and establish diplomatic relations with Israel, whose economy greatly benefited from the money it received.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, The Conference of Berlin (The Potsdam Conference), 1945, Volume II - Office of the Historian (history.state.gov, 1945)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Factory at Chorzów (Merits), Judgment, 13 Sept 1928 - PCIJ Series A. No 17 (1927)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907. - ICRC (ihl-databases.icrc.org, 1910)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Caribbean Nations to Seek Reparations, Putting Price on Damage of Slavery - Castle, Stephen (The New York Times, 2013)
Fourteen countries plan to compile an inventory of the harm caused by the slave trade and then demand an apology and reparations from the former colonial powers Britain, France and the Netherlands.
Keywords: Antigua and Barbuda; Caribbean Area; Castle; Stephen; France; Great Britain; Haiti; Netherlands; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Reparations; Slavery

Guam World War II War Claims: A Legislative History - Guampedia.com (2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

UK to compensate Kenya's Mau Mau torture victims - Press Association (The Guardian, 2013)
William Hague says payments totalling £19.9m represent 'full and final settlement' of action brought by five victims of torture
Keywords: Africa; Foreign policy; Kenya; Law; Mau Mau; Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Torture; UK news; William Hague; World news

History - The Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany (Claims Conference, 2011)
A history of the Claims Conference since its founding in 1951 and the formation of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study concerning the right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms - Boven, Theodoor C. van (UN,, 1993)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies : - United Nations (UN,, 2004)
DAA Highlights key issues and lessons learned from the Organization's experiences in the promotion of justice and the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies. Provides details on i) strengthening the rule of law and transitional justice in the wake of conflict; ii) articulating a common language of justice for UN; iii) basing assistance on international norms and standards; iv) identifying the role of UN peace operations; v) assessing national needs and capacities; vi) supporting domestic reform constituencies; vii) recognizing the political context; viii) embracing integrated and complementary approaches; ix) filling a rule of law vacuum; x) developing national justice systems; xi) learning lessons from the ad hoc criminal tribunals; xii) supporting the role of the International Criminal Court; xiii) facilitating truth telling; xiv) vetting the public service; xv) delivering reparations; xvi) coordinating our efforts; and xvii) building our roster of experts. Also includes recommendations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Rule-of-law tools for post-conflict states: archives (United Nations, 2015)
OCLC: ocn906197697
Keywords: Archival resources; Archives; Crimes against humanity; Law and legislation; Postwar reconstruction; Public records; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Rule of law; Transitional justice

Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecution Initiatives - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal: Nuremberg, 14 November 1945 - 1 October 1946 - International Military Tribunal Nuremberg (International Military Tribunal Nuremberg, 1947)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archiving Challenges in Africa: The Case of Post-Conflict Liberia - Proscovia, Svärz (IASA Journal: International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives, records, and power: The making of modern memory - Schwartz, Joan M.; Cook, Terry (Archival Science, 2002)
This article serves as the general introduction by the guest editors to the first of two thematic issues of Archival Science that will explore the theme, "archives, records, and power." Archives as institutions and records as documents are generally seen by academic and other users, and by society generally, as passive resources to be .exploited for various historical and cultural purposes. Historians since the mid-nineteenth century, in pursuing the new scientific history, needed an archive that was a neutral repositories of facts. Until very recently, archivists obliged by extolling their own professional myth of impartiality, neutrality, and objectivity. Yet archives are established by the powerful to protect or enhance their position in society. Through archives, the past is controlled. Certain stories are privileged and others marginalized. And archivists are an integral part of this story-telling. In the design of record-keeping systems, in the appraisal and selection of a tiny fragment of all possible records to enter the archive, in approaches to subsequent and ever-changing description and preservation of the archive, and in its patterns of communication and use, archivists continually reshape, reinterpret, and reinvent the archive. This represents enormous power over memory and identity, over the fundamental ways in which society seeks evidence of what its core values are and have been, where it has come from, and where it is going. Archives, then, are not passive storehouses of old stuff', but active sites where social power is negotiated, contested, confirmed. The power of archives, records, and archivists should no longer remain naturalized or denied, but opened to vital debate and transparent accountability.
Keywords: Archival theory; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; archives and power relationships; identity formation; representation and reality; social memory

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory - Sanford, George (Routledge, 2005)
The Soviet massacre of Polish prisoners of war at Katyn and in other camps in 1940 was one of the most notorious incidents of the Second World War. The truth about the massacres was long suppressed, both by the Soviet Union, and also by the United States and Britain who wished to hold together their wartime alliance with the Soviet Union. This informative book examines the details of this often overlooked event, shedding light on what took place especially in relation to the massacres at l
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2005 - Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law - United Nations (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Report of the Special Representative of the SecretaryGeneral on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises - Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework - Ruggie, John (United Nations, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Housing and property restitution in the context of the return of refugees and internally displaced persons - Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio (United Nations, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Mechanisms complementing prosecution - Olson, Laura (Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross (IRRC), 2002)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The advance of universal justice - Ollé Sesé, Manuel (International Federation for Human Rights, 2009)
The road map for limiting the practice of universal justice in Spain is a sad reality. The Spanish Congress has just approved a proposal to reduce universal justice to cases where the people presumed responsible are on Spanish soil or there are Spanish victims, and either way, only when an international court or the country where the crime was committed are not
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Touchstones: Considering the Relationship between Memory and Archives - Millar, Laura (Archivaria, 2006)
This paper considers the relationship between memory and archives by exploring the concepts of individual and collective memory and by examining the processes involved with creating, capturing, storing, and retrieving memories. The author considers the metaphor of archives as memory and relates our perception of memory to our understanding of the creation, preservation, and use of records and archives. She demonstrates that individual and collective memory represent only a fragment of life events and she reflects on the emotional, temporal, and political realities that affect what we remember and how. She concludes that records and archives are not in themselves “memories” but only touchstones upon which memories may be retrieved, preserved, and articulated. RÉSUMÉCe texte examine le lien entre la mémoire et les archives en explorant les concepts de la mémoire individuelle et collective et en analysant les processus associés à la création, la saisie, la sauvegarde et le repérage des souvenirs. L’auteure sonde la métaphore des archives comme mémoire, puis elle lie notre perception de la mémoire à une connaissance de la création, de la préservation et de l’usage des documents et des archives. Elle montre que la mémoire individuelle et collective ne représente qu’un fragment des événements d’une vie donnée et elle considère les réalités émotives, temporelles et politiques qui influent sur ce dont on se souvient et comment l’on y parvient. Elle conclue que les documents et les archives ne sont pas d’euxmêmes des « souvenirs », mais qu’ils sont plutôt des balises sur lesquels l’on peut retrouver, préserver et articuler des souvenirs.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Teaching an Old Genre New Tricks: The Diary on the Internet - Mcneill, Laurie (Biography, 2003)
This article examines the diary's transformation from print culture practice to online phenomenon, considering the implications of this change for the diary as a literary genre and as life writing. This discussion explores the challenges the online diary represents to traditional concepts of the genre as private and monologic, investigating the ways in which online diarists attract readers, build communities, and create identities in cyberspace.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Arresting Nazi spies in Vichy France (1940–42) - Kitson, Simon (Intelligence and National Security, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives - Ketelaar, Eric (Archival Science, 2001)
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian. Sociologists and anthropologists see "the archive" also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents, archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the meanings of archives.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives of the People, by the People, for the People - Evans, Max (The American Archivist, 2007)
Archivists today are caught between an expanding volume of records and a growing public expectation that every page in every document is online and indexed. With so many records and so few resources to provide on-demand access to them, the problem seems intractable. More money alone is not the answer; larger appropriations or donations cannot solve this problem. Instead, archivists must fundamentally shift the way they think about their roles and develop alternative means and methods for doing archival work.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Access to archives - A handbook of guidelines for implementation of Recommendation No R(2000)13 on a European policy on access to archives - Kecskeméti, Charles; Székely, Iván (Council of Europe, 2005)
In the early 1990s, when Europe ceased to be divided in opposing political blocs, the Council of Europe concluded that access to archives was one of the key issues to be addressed in. order to fortify democracy throughout the continent. Intensive, in-depth preparation led to the drafting of Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Policy on Access to Archives, the first intergovernmental standard in this field.The recommendation is motivated by the ethical conviction that knowledge of the past constitutes a human right and that in a democracy citizens are entitled to access to an unbiased presentation of their history based on authentic sources preserved in archives.This handbook explains the principles that should govern access policy and practice in the 21st century, summarises the main findings of a pan-European survey on the situation regarding access to archives and formulates a set of guidelines for the implementation of the recommendation intended for civil servants and decision makers, archival authorities and archivists, the scholarly community and civil organizations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archiving justice: conceptualizing the archives of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia - Kaye, David (Archival Science, 2014)
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) will complete its proceedings over the coming years, leaving behind an enormous collection of records. The ICTY archive provides a record of conviction and acquittal, prosecution case and defense response – a vast series of contested facts and arguments. The ICTY winds down with a decidedly mixed reputation, especially among the communities of the Balkans, doing damage to the already-discredited idea of a Tribunal capable of aiding the processes of reconciliation. And yet the UN still speaks of the reconciliatory purposes the ICTY archives may serve. Pursuing reconciliation, however, sets up the archive for failure. It would be better for those establishing the archives to focus on other, attainable goals, taking into account Martha Minow’s caution against judicial records that merely “speak for themselves” (1998). This essay provides historical context for the development of the ICTY archives, outlining its two decades of work, and emphasizes the political context from and into which the archives will emerge.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Balkans; International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY); International criminal courts; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Truth and reconciliation

Records Management Code of Practice 2021 - A guide to the management of health and care records - NHS England (NHS England, 2021)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Is There Room for Archives in the Postmodern World? - Heald, Carolyn (The American Archivist, 1996)
This extended think-piece begins by exploring the late twentieth-century philosophical trend of postmodernism, and what its fragmented, decontextualized world-view means for archives. Such a position, as taken up by some historians, posits the absence of coherence, the death of grand historical narratives, and the supremacy of relativity. Consideration of the postmodern serves as a jumping-off point for an exploration of the nature of records, and the mission of the archival profession to furnish an understanding of the documentary evidence of past societies. The discussion leads full circle to situating archivists within their own (postmodern) society and explores how current trends in appraisal and description reflect present societal concerns. Ultimately, the article concludes that there is room for archives and archivists in the postmodern world, and that archivists, with their unique perspective on reading/deconstructing the documentary traces of society, are ideally suited to make sense of it.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Claiming Less, Delivering More: A Critique of Positivist Formulations on Archives in South Africa - Harris, Verne (Archivaria, 1997)
Num Pages: 132-141 Place: Ottawa, Canada
Keywords: 19th century; Apartheid; Archivists; Government archives; History–History of North And South America; Library And Information Sciences; Philosophy; Positivism; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Society

To Remember and Forget: Archives, Memory, and Culture - Foote, Kenneth E. (The American Archivist, 1990)
The idea of archives as collective memory is sometimes employed as a metaphor for discussing the social and cultural role of archives. It is argued here that the idea is more than a metaphor and is supported by theories that would view collections of documents and material artifacts as means of extending the temporal and spatial range of communication. Archives, along with other communicational resources such as oral and ritual tradition, help to transfer information–and thereby sustain memory–from generation to generation. Two examples illustrate the interrelationship of archives and memory within this broadened view of communication and culture. The first arises from attempts to find ways to warn future generations of the location of radioactive waste repositories. The second revolves around pressure to efface from cultural landscapes evidence of tragic events that people wish to forget.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The "European Network of Official Authorities in Charge of the Secret Police Files”: A Reader on the Legal Foundations, Structures and Activities (BStU, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Obstacles to the access, use and transfer of information from archives: a RAMP study - UNESCO Digital Library - Duchein, Michel (Unesco, 1983)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Death Squad Diary: Looking into the Secret Archives of Guatemala’s Bureaucracy of Murder - Doyle, Kate (Harper’s Magazine, 1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence - de Greiff, Pablo (United Nations, 2014)
The Spanish Civil War and the 40 years of dictatorship that followed left a colossal aftermath in terms of victims of serious human rights and humanitarian law violations, including executions, torture, arbitrary detentions, disappearances, forced labour for prisoners and exile.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Chapter 2 - Archival institutions - Cunningham, Adrian (Archives: Recordkeeping in Society Topics in Australasian Library and Information Studies, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Selected Themes in the Literature on Memory and Their Pertinence to Archives - Craig, Barbara L. (The American Archivist, 2002)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

What is Past is Prologue: A History of Archival Ideas Since 1898, and the Future Paradigm Shift - Cook, Terry (Archivaria, 1997)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Past That Archives Keep: Memory, History, and the Preservation of Archival Records - Brothman, Brien (Archivaria, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Limits of Limits: Derridean Deconstruction and the Archival Institution - Brothman, Brien (Archivaria, 1993)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transformation: the Czech experience - People in Need (Organization) (People in Need, 2006)
OCLC: ocn269412888
Keywords: 1989-1992; 1993-; Czech Republic; Czechoslovakia; Democratization; Economic policy; Politics and government; Post-communism; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms : - Bassiouni, M. Cherif (UN,, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Conference ICA Adelaide 2019 - International Council on Archives (ica.org)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Contribution of the United Nations system as a whole to the advancement of the business and human rights agenda and the dissemination and implementation of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights - Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives of the security services of former repressive regimes - Quintana, Antonio González (Unesco, 1997)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Pinheiro Principles: United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons - Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Truth commission - Hayner, Priscilla B.
truth commission, an official body established to investigate a series of human rights violations, war crimes, or other serious abuses that took place over many years. Truth commissions aim to identify the causes and consequences of abuses, which may have been committed by repressive regimes or by armed groups. They conclude with a final report, including recommendations for reform to prevent such abuses from being repeated. The first well-known truth commission, known as the National Commission on the Disappeared, was established in Argentina in 1983. Others were soon established in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere in Latin America. It was not
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Encyclopedia Britannica - Britannica
Explore the fact-checked online encyclopedia from Encyclopaedia Britannica with hundreds of thousands of objective articles, biographies, videos, and images from experts.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

ISO 16363:2012 Space data and information transfer systems — Audit and certification of trustworthy digital repositories - ISO (ISO, 2012)
ISO 16363:2012 defines a recommended practice for assessing the trustworthiness of digital repositories. It is applicable to the entire range of digital repositories. ISO 16363:2012 can be used as a basis for certification.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2013 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/68/456/Add.2)] 68/165. Right to the truth - United Nations (United Nations, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Right to the truth - Report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

UN Human Rights Council: Right to the Truth, Report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (United Nations, 2007)
Fifth session Item 2 of the provisional agenda
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study on the Right to the Truth, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Commission on Human Rights (2006)
Sixty-second session Item 17 of the provisional agenda
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights Resolution 2005/66: Right to the Truth - Commission on Human Rights (United Nations, 2005)
Adopted without a vote. See chap. XVII, E/CN.4/2005/L.10/Add.17
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance - OHCHR (2010)
Entry into force: 23 December 2010, in accordance with article 39(1) which reads as follows: “This Convention shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after the date of deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the twentieth instrument of ratification or accession.”. Preamble The States Parties to this Convention,
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

FURTHER PROMOTION AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS, INCLUDING THE PROGRAMME AND METHODS OF WORK OF THE COMMISSION: HUMAN RIGHTS, MASS EXODUSES AND DISPLACED PERSONS - United Nations Economic and Social Council (United Nations, 1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Principles of Access to Archives Technical Guidance on Managing Archives with Restrictions - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action - World Conference on Human Rights (United Nations, 1993)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Case of the “White Van” (Paniagua-Morales et al.) v. Guatemala Judgment of March 8 1998 - Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Council of Europe Convention on Access to Official Documents - Council of Europe Treaty Series - No.205 - Council of Europe (Council of Europe, 2009)
This Convention is the first binding international legal instrument to recognise a general right of access to official documents held by public authorities. Transparency of public authorities is a key feature of good governance and an indicator of whether or not a society is genuinely democratic and pluralist. The right of access to official documents is also essential to the self-development of people and to the exercise of fundamental human rights. It also strengthens public authorities’ legitimacy in the eyes of the public, and its confidence in them. This Convention lays down a right of access to official documents. Limitations on this right are only permitted in order to protect certain interests like national security, defence or privacy. The Convention sets forth the minimum standards to be applied in the processing of requests for access to official documents (forms of and charges for access to official documents), review procedure and complementary measures and it has the flexibility required to allow national laws to build on this foundation and provide even greater access to official documents. A Group of Specialists on Access to Official Documents will monitor the i implementation of this Convention by the Parties.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Privacy Act in brief - Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (priv.gc.ca, 2019)
Personal information, coverage, complaints
Last Modified: 2019-08-23
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - United Nations (United Nations, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (elysee.fr, 1789)
Retrouvez l'histoire et le texte intégral de la déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789, citée dans le préambule de la Constitution de la Ve République.
Section: Presidency
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Declaration of the Rights of Woman (September 1791) - De Gouges, Olympe (1791)
Marie Gouze (1748–93) was a self–educated butcher’s daughter from the south of France who, under the name Olympe de Gouges, wrote pamphlets and plays on a variety of issues, including slavery, which she attacked as being founded on greed and blind prejudice. In this pamphlet she provides a declaration of the rights of women to parallel the one for men, thus criticizing the deputies for having forgotten women. She addressed the pamphlet to the Queen, Marie Antoinette, though she also warned the…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Fury as Bolsonaro orders Brazil army to mark 55th anniversary of military coup - Phillips, Dom (The Guardian, 2019)
President’s instruction that defence ministry must hold ‘appropriate commemorations’ of 21-year military rule sparks outrage
Keywords: Americas; Brazil; Jair Bolsonaro; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; World news

Network of information and counter information on the military regime in Brazil (1964-1985) - Unesco (UNESCO, 2011)
UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It seeks to build peace through international cooperation in education, the sciences, culture and communication. UNESCO’s programmes contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals defined in Agenda 2030, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015. Serving as a laboratory of ideas, UNESCO helps countries adopt international standards and manages programmes that foster the free flow of ideas and knowledge sharing. In this spirit, it develops educational tools to help people live as global citizens free of hate and intolerance. UNESCO works so that each child and citizen has access to quality education. By promoting cultural heritage and the equal dignity of all cultures, it strengthens bonds among nations. UNESCO fosters scientific programmes and policies that support development and cooperation. UNESCO stands up for freedom of expression, as a fundamental right and a key condition for democracy and development.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The populist rewriting of Polish history is a warning to us all - Flieger, Estera (The Guardian, 2019)
Thirty years after communism ended, Poland’s past is again being manipulated for political motives, says Polish journalist Estera Flieger
Keywords: Europe; European Union; Poland; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Second world war; World news

Clinton Offers His Apologies To Guatemala - Broder, John M. (The New York Times, 1999)
Pres Clinton, in Guatemala on third day of his Central America trip, apologizes for US support of right-wing governments in Guatemala that killed tens of thousands of rebels and Mayan Indians in 36-year civil war; promises US support for reconciliation in Guatemala as well as throughout Central America; makes his apology to gathering of leaders from many sectors of Guatemalan society, including Indians, women, Government officials and representatives of truth commission that issued report in Feb on war (M)
Keywords: CIVIL WAR AND GUERRILLA WARFARE; Clinton; Bill; Economic Conditions and Trends; El Salvador; Guatemala; Guatemala-International Relations-US; INDIANS; AMERICAN; Latin America; Mayans; Politics and Government; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Social Conditions and Trends; United States International Relations

Nunca Más (Never Again) - Report of CONADEP (National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons) - 1984 - Conadep (1984)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A nation shamed - Jeffries, Stuart (The Guardian, 2004)
Why does France keep making films that glorify the Resistance and gloss over the truth about collaboration? By Stuart Jeffries.
Keywords: Culture; Film; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Archives of Universal History - Rothschild, Emma (Journal of World History, 2008)
This article looks at early proposals for an international archive, at the different respects in which archives are international or transnational, and at the development since 1946 of the archives of international organizations. It suggests that the history of the UN's involvement with archives is itself a development of historical and even political interest.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Yamoussoukro Declaration on Peace in the Minds of Men - Unesco Congress (Medicine and War, 1990)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transborder access to data and jurisdiction: Options for further action by the T-CY - Ad-hoc Subgroup on Transborder Access and Jurisdiction (Council of Europe, 2014)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

What You Need To Know About Cloud Laws and Regulations - Vlajin, Branko (Cloudwards, 2018)
Storing your files in the cloud means that you're placing them outside of the laws and regulations you may be used to. Different countries have very different ideas about how data should be treated; in this article we go over some of the most important differences between countries and tries to make sense of cloud law.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT - Docket No. 14‐42‐cv ACLU v. Clapper - United States Court of Appeals (United States Court of Appeals, 2014)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2016 - Informe Anual 2016 - Lanza, Edison (OAS, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance - Necessary & Proportionate (Necessary & Proportionate, 2013)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Managing cloud computing services in the United Nations system - Callejas, Jorge T. Flores; Dumitriu, Petru (United Nations, 2019)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

IFLA-ICA Statement on Privacy Legislation and Archiving - IFLA-ICA
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Mapping Archives for Dealing with the Past Processes - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp; Baumgartner, Elisabeth (Swisspeace, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Securing Police Archives. A Guide for Practitioners - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Swisspeace, 2013)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Users - AtoM wiki - Atom (accesstomemory.org)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Archives of the security services of former repressive regimes - UNESCO Digital Library - Quintana, Antonio González (Unesco, 1997)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

About CITRA - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Guide to the archives of intergovernmental organizations - Unesco (Unesco, 1999)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Archives & Dealing with the Past - Swisspeace (Archives and Dealing with the Past)
The project Archives and Dealing with the Past provides support to actors in the field of transitional justice and dealing with the past related to the protection, preservation, and management of human rights archives.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Principles Maturity Model - ARMA International (arma.org)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The role of accessibility in a universal web - Henry, Shawn Lawton; Abou-Zahra, Shadi; Brewer, Judy (Proceedings of the 11th Web for All Conference, 2014)
Universal design" is the process of creating products that are usable by people with the widest possible range of abilities, operating within the widest possible range of situations; whereas "accessibility" primarily refers to design for people with disabilities. While the focus of accessibility is disabilities, research and development in accessibility brings benefits to everyone, particularly users with situational limitations, including device limitations and environmental limitations. Awareness and understanding of the benefits of web accessibility to users without disabilities is growing in some areas with the rapid increase of web-enabled devices such as mobile phones, tablets, televisions, and more; with the increasing focus on the growing number of older web users; and with wider web reach in areas with high incidence of low literacy, low bandwidth, older technology, etc. Although there is significant overlap between designing for accessibility and designing for situational limitations, addressing one set of needs does not necessarily provide sufficient solutions for other needs. Keeping accessibility focused on disabilities encourages research and development on meeting the specific needs of people with disabilities. This communications paper explains the importance of "accessibility" continuing to focus on people with disabilities, while further integrating accessibility with web design, development, and research in other areas, including those covered under universal design and design for all. It also describes how the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) are working to address accessibility and related user needs throughout the technologies of the Web, and invites all interested parties to participate in research and development to further integrate accessibility for people with disabilities in ways that benefit all.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Basic Principles on the role of Archivists and Records Managers in support of Human Rights - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Principles of Access to Archives - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives, 2012)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Code of Ethics - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives, 1996)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Active encouragement of accessing archives: a prerequisite for democracy - Grut, Sara; Press, Maria (Comma, 2015)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Who is an archivist? - International Council on Archives
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Defining human rights archives: introduction to the special double issue on archives and human rights - Caswell, Michelle (Archival Science, 2014)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

ICA Human Rights Archives Directory - HRWG ICA (Human Rights Working Group - International Council on Archives) (Archivists Watch, 2011)
For some years now, the ICA Human Rights Working Group (HRWG) has been trying to establish a directory of human rights archives from around the globe. This summer, I began volunteering with the IC…
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The RTI Rating - Global Right to Information Rating - Access Info Europe; Centre for Law and Democracy
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Statement by European RTI Community on the world’s First Official Access to Information Day! - Access Info Europe (Access Info Europe, 2016)
Madrid, 28 September 2016 - On the first officially-recognised International Right to Know Day , European civil society groups working on the right of access to information today raised concerns that a lack of government transparency is damaging democratic processes, thereby facilitating rising mistrust and demagogic populism in Europe. Recent monitoring by civil society
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Declaration of principles on freedom of expression and access to Information in Africa - Mute, Lawrence Muguru (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 2019)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Annual report of the Inter-American commission on human rights 2009. Report of the special rapporteur for freedom of expression. - Marino, Catalina Botero (Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 2010)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Rights - United Nations (United Nations, 1948)
A milestone document in the history of human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. It has been translated into over 500 languages.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Right to Information - Unesco (Unesco)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

From the forerunners of document collection to the trial of Klaus Barbie and beyond: the transitional justice journey of the Izieu telegram - Lühe, Ulrike; Ledauphin, Romain (The International Journal of Human Rights, 2020)
This article analyses the journey of the so-called Izieu telegram–atelegram sent by Nazi perpetrator Klaus Barbie to report the raidof a Jewish children’s home in France to his superiors–from itscreation to its use in multiple transitional justice mechanisms,including an international military tribunal, domestic trials inFrance, and various memorialisation projects. In doing so weapply the concepts of activation and the records continuumapproach, both borrowed from archival studies scholarship, toanalyse how an individual record becomes continuouslyrecontextualised through its use in transitional justice processesand in the process contributes to those same processes. Weconclude by highlighting both the benefits of bringing archivalconcepts into dialogue with transitional justice scholarship andpractice, and the tensions inherent in that endeavour.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

A Conceptual Framework for Dealing with the Past - Holism in Principle and Practice - Swisspeace (Swisspeace, 2012)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Archives are Accessible - Search the Map - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Archives and Records are Accessible - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives)
Please click the link to complete this form.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Information on the 11th UN Forum on Business and Human Rights - docip.org (docip.org, 2022)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

UN Web TV - United Nations (media.un.org)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

La Décennie des langues autochtones 2022-2032 sera axée sur les droits fondamentaux de leurs utilisateurs - Unesco (UNESCO, 2020)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Resolution 6/36. Expert mechanism on the rights of indigenous peoples - Human Rights Council (2007)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Establishment of a Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/22 - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2000)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Redman's appeal for justice - Deskaheh (1923)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises - OEIGWG (2021)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Home - Parliament of Australia - Parliament of Australia (corporateName=Commonwealth Parliament; address=Parliament House, Canberra, ACT, 2600; contact=+61 2 6277 7111)
Archive Location: Australia Last Modified: 2022-10-20
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

California Transparency in Supply Act - Harris, Kamala D. (California Department of Justice, 2015)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Modern Slavery Act 2015 - The Parliament of the United Kingdom (2015)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

National action plans on business and human rights - OHCHR (OHCHR)
The UN Working Group strongly encourages all States to develop, enact and update periodically a national action plan on business and human rights. Such plans are part of the responsibility of States to disseminate and implement the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Myanmar: Military Ltd: The company financing human rights abuses in Myanmar - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2020)
In this report, Amnesty International provides new information exposing the link between Myanma Economic Holdings Public Company Ltd (MEHL) and military units that are implicated in crimes under international law and other serious human rights violations. This information has implications for MEHL’s many foreign and local business partners. By doing business with the conglomerate, they […]
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

145 spies - The Secret History of Fiat Brazil’s Internal Espionage Network and Collaboration With the Military Dictatorship - Cesar, Janaina; Grossi, Pedro; Cerantola, Alessia; February 24 2019, Leandro Demori (The Intercept, 2019)
The workers were a threat to the company’s bottom line, so Fiat Brazil suppressed labor organizing through an internal spy ring.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Chiquita 13: Profiles of Banana Officials Accused of Crimes Against Humanity - National Security Archive (National Security Archive, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

To anyone who uses a smartphone, drives an electric car or flies on a plane - Kara, Siddharth (news.trust.org, 2018)
Make no mistake - the supply chain of cobalt from the Congo is smeared in blood and misery
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights Indicators: A Guide to Measurement and Implementation - United Nations Human Rights (United Nations, 2013)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Case Law, Strasbourg: ML and WW v Germany, Article 8 right to be forgotten and the media – Hugh Tomlinson QC and Aidan Wills - inform's blog (Inforrm's Blog, 2018)
In the case of ML and WW v Germany ([2018] ECHR 554) (available only French), the Fifth Section of the Court of Human Rights dismissed an Article 8 “right to be forgotten” application i…
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Taking Duties Seriously: Individual Duties in International Human Rights Law - International Council on Human Rights (International Council on Human Rights, 1999)
Other in English on World about Protection and Human Rights; published on 1 Dec 1999 by ICHRP
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

DECLARATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND HUMAN DUTIES - Valencia, Fundacion; Milenio, Tercer (globalization.icaap.org, 2002)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression - United Nations Human Rights (OHCHR)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities - Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities (universaldeclarationofhumanresponsibilities.info, 1999)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Artificial Intelligence: What’s Human Rights Got To Do With It? - Veen, Christiaan van (Medium, 2018)
This is the second blogpost in a series on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, co-authored by: Christiaan van Veen (Center for Human…
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Where we operate - United Nations Peacekeeping (United Nations Peacekeeping)
How to use the map: To select a mission, click on the pin/marker on the map; you will see a slide of the mission at the right side of the map, which has a link (“Go to the mission fact sheet”) directing you to the mission fact sheet. To view each mission fact sheet in the big circle with the number ‘4’ on it, click on the circle. The map will zoom in to show all four missions.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The security challenge in conflict-prone countries - Collier, Paul; Chauvet, Lisa; Hegre, Håvard; Elbadawi, Ibrahim A.; Mack, Andrew (Global Crises, Global Solutions, 2009)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bailey, Peter (univeralrights.net)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Climate Change Deniers Are Blocking Progress, UN Report Suggests for First Time - Roston, Eric (Bloomberg.com, 2018)
The United Nations’ annual assessment of global progress on climate change delivers familiar bad news this year – the problem is getting worse, not better – with a new twist: For the first time, political ideology is singled out for obstructing changes that would slow global warming.
Keywords: Climate Change; Economic Research; Environment; Global Warming; Markets; Media; Paris; Poland; Policy; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; business; climate-changed; politics; technology

Nations must triple efforts to reach 2°C target, concludes annual review of global emissions, climate action - UN Environment programme (UN Environment, 2018)
Section: News and Stories
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Was the destruction of Old Mostar Bridge a war crime? - Hazan, Pierre (JusticeInfo.net, 2017)
To what extent does the destruction of an architectural masterpiece constitute a war crime if that masterpiece is also used for military purposes? What, too, if the destruction of such a monument, like the Old Mostar Bridge, causes psychological and physical harm to a civilian population now under siege? How should military objectives, damage to […]
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Judgement Volume 2 of 6 - United Nations (United Nations, 2013)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

UN Security Council adopts historic resolution for the protection of heritage - Unesco (UNESCO, 2017)
New York, 24 March 2017 - UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova addressed today’s public briefing of the United Nations Security Council on “Maintenance of international peace and security: destruction and trafficking of cultural heritage by terrorist groups and in situations of armed conflict,” where the UN Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2347 for the protection of heritage.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Al Mahdi Case - The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi ICC-01/12-01/15 - International Criminal Court (International Criminal Court)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

AAAS Center for Scientific Responsibility and Justice - American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS.org)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

TRC Website - National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR.ca)
The TRC website has been archived using the Wayback Machine software. You can view the archived version by clicking here. The Wayback Machine is an archive system for websites. The archived TRC website will work like a normal website, however, it is not being maintained with current information. The Wayback Machine banner will appear at
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Special Rapporteur on the right to education - United Nations (OHCHR)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

ISO/TS 21547:2010 - Health informatics — Security requirements for archiving of electronic health records — Principles - ISO (ISO, 2010)
Health informatics — Security requirements for archiving of electronic health records — Principles
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

'Canadians would be shocked': Survivors describe treatment at Nanaimo Indian Hospita - Sterritt, Angela; Dufresne, Manjula (CBC, 2018)
Survivors and experts say the treatment at the second-largest Indian hospital in Canada was allegedly harsh and abusive, and claim patients weren't told why they were being physically restrained and sometimes held for many years.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Czech and Slovak Victims of Coercive Sterilization Await Justice - ROMEA (Romea.cz - Vše o Romech na jednom místě, 2018)
In November 2017, nine governments of the United Nations urged the Czech Republic to provide compensation to women – in particular Romani women and women
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

JFS Brochure - N.C. Justice for Sterilization (N.C. Justice for Sterilization, 2010)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

European convention on the legal status of children born out of wedlock - Council of Europe (Council of Europe, 1978)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

A Rising Tide: The Implications of Climate Change Inundation for Human Rights and State Sovereignty - Willcox, Susannah (Essex Human Rights Review, 2012)
Climate change has adverse implications for a wide range of human rights. Low-lying, socio-economically disadvantaged small island developing states are among those most vulnerable to climate change harms – including rising sea levels and extreme weather events – which threaten the habitability of their territory and the enjoyment of basic human rights, including the right to self-determination. Customary international law and international human rights law establish extraterritorial obligations with regard to the fulfilment of those economic, social, cultural and collective rights threatened by climate change inundation. However, the international legal framework has been constructed around a system of legal and political governance that is premised on state sovereignty and designed to mediate the vertical relationship between state and citizen. The disappearance of a low-lying small island state without an immediate successor has serious implications for statehood, sovereignty, self-determination and the protection of basic human rights. While this does not necessarily entail the abandonment of the human rights project as a response to climate change harms, it does require a re-conceptualisation of the existing human rights framework. The human rights regime must embrace forward-looking, trans-boundary mechanisms of monitoring and protection that no longer rely on the state as the central domain of moral concern, or risk becoming obsolete.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Research on Roma health and access to healthcare: state of the art and future challenges - Földes, Maria Eva; Covaci, Alina (International Journal of Public Health, 2012)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Fowl Play? A Look into Recent Canadian Reform Efforts for Backyard Chicken Legislation - Beyko, Heather (ABlawg, 2012)
By: Heather Beyko PDF Version: Fowl Play? A Look into Recent Canadian Reform Efforts for Backyard Chicken Legislation Case Commented On: R v Hughes, 2012 ABPC 250 The idea of local food sustainabil…
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Right to Health - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (World Health Organization, 2008)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

General comment No. 23 (2016) on the right to just and favourable conditions of work (article 7 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) - United Nations (OHCHR, 2016)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Days of Worship and Days of Rest: A View from Israel - Gavison, Ruth (Heidelberg, 2005)
Series Title: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Labour Provisions of the Peace Treaties - International Labour Office (International Labour Office, 1920)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Why trade unions are declining - The Economist (The Economist, 2015)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Women, Business and the Law 2018 - Iqbal, Sarah (World Bank, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Sustainable Development Goals 2015 – 2030 - United Nations Association of Philadelphia (United Nations Association of Philadelphia)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework - United Nations Human Rights (United Nations, 2011)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Montréal Principles on Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (International Federation for Human Rights, 2002)
Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. The information has been carefully selected and compiled from UNHCR's global network of field offices, Governments, international, regional and non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and judicial bodies.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Aadhaar: India Supreme Court upholds controversial biometric database | CNN - Suri, Manveena (CNN, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Sacramento Bee Leaks 19.5 Million California Voter Records, Promptly Compromised by Hackers - Cameron, Dell (Gizmodo, 2018)
Last month, a local California newspaper left more than 19 million voter records exposed online. Gizmodo confirmed this week that the records were compromised during an apparent ransomware attack.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights