News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-09 (September) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)
Keywords: In Sep'21; the file name show Aug'21 news; but the content of the file is Oct'21.

Legally binding instrument to regulate, in international human rights law, the activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises - OEIGWG (2021)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

ICA SAHR – South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Graham Dominy - ICA International Council on Archives (2021)
Graham Dominy, Former National Archivist of South Africa Intertwined Challenges: Competing Interests in the Archiving and Accessing of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission Record

Records management at the Council of Europe (2): the digital turn - Büttner, Gesa (Comma, 2021)
The implementation of electronic records management at the Council of Europe was a crucial step in leading the intergovernmental human rights organization towards comprehensive corporate information management. The motivation for introducing records management was to improve access to information. Finding information proved to be difficult due to the fragmented information landscape, combined with a lack of governance for digital information. To amend this situation, corporate control and standardization were introduced along the whole information life cycle, involving the information producers as key players. The article describes this implementation, covering roughly the decade from 2008 to 2018, from its foundations and preparations to the deployment, awareness-raising and training activities. Special emphasis is put on the instruments that support a standardized records management approach, such as business classification scheme, retention and disposal schedules, and metadata. The success and failure points are briefly presented. It appears that records management can be a catalyst for corporate-wide information management.

Archives and the Atlantic Pact: how the NATO Archives preserves and protects the records of an Alliance* - Deserno, Ineke; Roche, Nicholas; Viallet, Barbara; Wintenberger, Etienne (Comma, 2021)
In 2019, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) celebrated 70 years of consultation, consensus and conflict prevention. The same year also marked 20 years since NATO first opened access to its archives to the public. The establishment of the NATO Archives in 1999 was hailed by then Secretary General Javier Solana as an important signal of the Alliance’s commitment to transparency and openness. NATO declassified and publicly disclosed thousands of documents and opened a dedicated Reading Room at NATO Headquarters in Brussels. Behind the scenes, the establishment of the NATO Archives and of the Archives Committee also changed the way in which NATO managed its historical records. Up to this point, there was no NATO-wide policy on archives, no organizational archives and no consistency in any of the traditional archival functions. Starting in 1999, NATO could boast a professional archives programme, implemented by trained archivists and governed by a committee of national experts. The programme can claim a string of successes over the last 20 years, implementing archival strategy in novel and unique ways to respond to NATO’s organizational structure. While the Archives are part of NATO’s political headquarters, NATO itself is composed of multiple formal entities under the overall direction of the North Atlantic Council and the Military Committee, including military commands, civilian agencies, military operations etc. Before 1999, each managed their archival material locally, according to internal procedures. This article outlines the Archives’ strategic policies and its governance, involving national experts of all its 30 member nations; presents its increasingly larger and more robust acquisition programme based on a strong and actively managed retention and disposition strategy; assesses its digital preservation activities; and provides an update on NATO’s declassification and public disclosure programme.

The World Trade Organization’s Records and Archives Management Policy: an overarching framework for ensuring information continuity - Galán, Jesús; Bressi, Maria (Comma, 2021)
This article describes the process of creation and discussion of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Records and Archives Management Policy, the first such policy ever issued by the Secretariat, after 25 years of existence. It outlines, firstly, the methodology followed to assemble and articulate the Policy, and its alignment with the standards and best practice followed by other international organizations; secondly, how the Policy was presented to different stakeholders and approved; and thirdly, the structure and contents of the Policy which aims to be a comprehensive, cross-organizational records and archives management strategy to ensure accountability and transparency at all levels of the WTO. The lack of a regulatory framework and the specificity of Intergovernmental Organizations’ (IGO) institutional structures can represent a challenge for archivists and records managers with regard to the creation and control of informational assets in a systematic and verifiable manner; the article suggests a methodology for the drafting and implementation of records and archives management principles in the context of such international organizations.

The world’s repository at 75: a history of the United Nations Archives* - Gelfand, Aleksandr (Comma, 2021)
Seventy-five years ago (1945), the United Nations (UN) was founded in San Francisco by 50 nations. There, a small archives unit served to assemble the first records of the organization; this was the first iteration of today’s Archives and Records Management Section (ARMS). Throughout its history, the fortunes of the UN Archives have waxed and waned, while its role has continuously evolved. Trying to carve out a place for itself within the largest international organization in the world, its physical and administrative structures have undergone profound changes, as has its mission, number of staff, the type of records it holds and its users. This paper examines significant events in the development of the UN Archives, the challenges it has faced and what may be learned from them.

Introduction: Challenges of managing records and archives in Intergovernmental Organizations around the world - Katuu, Shadrack (Comma, 2021)

Are human rights archives accessible? Challenges and possible solutions to improve access for Dealing with the Past initiatives - Ledauphin, Romain; Josi, Claudia; Siegrist, Rahel (Comma, 2021)
Records and archives containing information relating to grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law represent a fundamental source for, and can become trustworthy documentary evidence within, Dealing with the Past (DWP) processes including truth commissions, criminal tribunals, reparation programs, vetting processes and outreach projects. Those intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) working in the fields of human rights and peace and security are themselves important observers and actors in DWP processes and hence their records and archives are highly relevant to DWP initiatives. Such organizations should therefore be transparent and be able to facilitate DWP processes by granting access to their records. Given the International Council on Archives’ definition of “access” as relating to “… the availability of records for consultation as a result both of legal authorization and the existence of finding aids”, and the experience of swisspeace in advising DWP initiatives on collecting evidence and improving records management capacity, swisspeace together with the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs developed a roadmap which centres on the development of an “archives accessibility maturity model”. This tool will not only improve hands-on access in practice, but will ultimately improve knowledge about the multi-layered complexity of archives’ accessibility, strengthening the capacity of IGOs, INGOs and DWP initiatives to design and implement their access regulations, and thereby improving DWP initiatives’ ability to make successful access requests.
Keywords: Comma 2020 1-2; Archives and Human Rights; August 2021

Records management at the Council of Europe (1): three years of shock therapy - Lisney, Tim (Comma, 2021)
While the Council of Europe as an Intergovernmental Organization has proven remarkably resilient, its archives and records appear to be increasingly fragile. This article documents and analyses the development of records management and archives management within the Council of Europe between 2000 and 2003. This was a period that saw major changes in the way that records were treated in the organization, notably the preparation and implementation of an organization-wide archives policy, and the introduction of an archives management training programme for Council of Europe staff. The concept of archives and records was extended from paper to electronic and audio-visual materials. An internal network of archive correspondents was introduced to increase communication, consultation, co-ordinate RM and facilitate the implementation of the archives policy, and a series of measures was taken to improve access to the archives and records. It was during this period that the first steps were taken in the introduction of archives and records management standards ISAD(G) and ISO 15489. The article highlights the lack of continuity of RM and the increasing vulnerability of records within the organization, suggesting that the lack of professional staff is the most critical issue; the analysis of the developments in this period also illustrates the impact that personal initiatives can have in such a context.

Promoting the archives of the Alliance: a case study of outreach at the NATO Archives* - Nguyen, Nicholas (Comma, 2021)
Following the institutionalization of the Policy on the Public Disclosure of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Information in 2008, the NATO Archives tasked itself to regularly exhibit publicly disclosed NATO documents, video, audio, photos, publications and artifacts to promote the increasing accessibility of its collection. The success of these exhibitions, which were all initially displayed at NATO Headquarters in Brussels, led not only to a boost in the visibility of the NATO Archives within the organization, but also resulted in their expansion as part of the promotional activities of the Alliance itself, leading up to its 70th anniversary celebrations in 2019. This paper presents an overview of the outreach activities of the NATO Archives, discussing its origins and evolution in an institutional context, highlighting its role in communicating the mission of the NATO Archives and, by extension, of NATO itself. While this case study illuminates a specific experience that is heavily determined by the political and security demands of its particular environment, the resulting narrative is intended to be broadly applicable and perhaps even inspirational for archivists who recognize similar challenges at their respective international organizations.

El acceso a los archivos como antídoto a los abusos empresariales - Palacios, Blanca I. Bazaco (Comma, 2021)
Desde la última década del siglo XX, los informes de los relatores de las Naciones Unidas como Joinet, Orentlicher o Pablo de Greiff han tomado conciencia del papel de los archivos en el esclarecimiento de la verdad, la impartición de la justicia, la reparación a las víctimas y las garantías de no repetición en el caso de las violaciones de derechos humanos. Sin embargo, los derechos humanos no solo se violan en guerras y regímenes dictatoriales. Las empresas, especialmente las transnacionales, son cada vez más las protagonistas de casos flagrantes de violaciones de derechos humanos que, amparándose en el respeto a la propiedad privada y empresarial, y con la dificultad que supone su actuación en diferentes puntos del planeta, se cometen con total impunidad. Las Naciones Unidas, conscientes de ello, emitieron los Principios Rectores sobre las Empresas y los Derechos Humanos, conocido como Informe Ruggie, y está trabajando en la actualidad en un Tratado Vinculante para luchar contra esta lacra. Para asombro de la profesión, ninguno de estos documentos está contemplando el valor que el acceso a los archivos puede aportar para la aplicación de estos principios, corriendo el riesgo de quedarse en una simple declaración de intenciones. A través de este artículo, se analizarán en qué puntos, tanto de los Principios como del Tratado, el acceso a los documentos de archivo es esencial para llevar a cabo una verdadera política para proteger, respetar y reparar a las víctimas de estos abusos.
Keywords: Comma 2020 1-2; Archives and Human Rights; August 2021

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: an archival commentary* - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Comma, 2021)
On 10 December 1948 the Third General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: a universal declaration, not a United Nations declaration. The Preamble of the Declaration begins by proclaiming that “recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world”. As archivists know, the nexus between human rights and archives is strong and complex, because records are essential both to protecting these rights and to obtaining recourse when these rights are violated. This essay illuminates some of the relationships of records to rights, looking at each of the 30 Articles in turn.
Keywords: Comma 2020 1-2; Archives and Human Rights; August 2021

Project MIRRA: Memory - Identity - Rights in Records - Access - Shepherd, Elizabeth; Hoyle, Victoria; Lomas, Elizabeth (Comma, 2021)
Many people who grew up in care have gaps in their childhood memories and unanswered questions about their early lives. In the absence of family photos and stories they turn to records held by the local authorities and charities that looked after them. Accessing these records is a practically and emotionally challenging process. Response times are often long and the records received are redacted because they include confidential information about “third parties’” who are often family and carers. The language and ideas contained reflect the prejudices and assumptions of previous times. Some files are extremely long and confusing, whereas others only have a few pages to cover a whole childhood. Records may have been lost or destroyed altogether. Very few services are available to support people through the experience. MIRRA: Memory-Identity-Rights in Records-Access is a participatory action research project carried out at the Department of Information Studies at University College London since 2017 that explores these issues. It considered how child social care records have been created, kept and used in public and voluntary organizations in England from 1970 to the present. The research is co-produced with care leavers in partnership with The Care Leavers’ Association and reflects on how what it is recorded about a childhood can affect the individual concerned throughout their life. This article republishes edited blog posts produced during the research project. The original blogs in full are available at https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/mirra/.
Keywords: Comma 2020 1-2; Archives and Human Rights; August 2021

Safe havens for archives at risk: a new international initiative - Sutton, David C. (Comma, 2021)
Over the years, internationally-minded archivists have had to consider the possibility of taking custody of archives from another country because the archives are at risk in their country of origin. The risks may take many forms, but archives in war-zones and other disaster areas, and archives at environmental risk (including risks of climate change) provide striking examples. The removal of archives from one country to another is always likely to be controversial, however, and even well-intentioned attempts at “archival rescue” in the past have been strongly criticized. It has been clear for a long time that international standards are needed. The “Guiding Principles for Safe Havens’” for Archives at Risk are a set of principles providing guidance on archival and ethical factors to be taken into account when planning the transfer of analogue or digital archives (or copies) to another institution for safekeeping. The principles have been drawn up by a group of experts in meetings held in Berne, Amsterdam, Geneva, and virtually, over the past four years, and have been endorsed and approved by various international organizations, including several ICA Sections. Past bilateral agreements between sending institutions and hosting institutions governing “safe haven” solutions have often failed to address fundamental questions, such as data protection, access, succession solutions, obligations to return or the often asymmetrical relationship between the sending institution and the hosting institution. The need for new and definitive principles is outlined in this essay, and the “Guiding Principles” themselves are then described, explained and justified.
Keywords: Comma 2020 1-2; Archives and Human Rights; August 2021; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Centralized archiving and recordkeeping in a new institution: the European Monetary Institute and its Archives 1994-1998 - Weber, Matthias (Comma, 2021)
In 1994, the European Monetary Institute (EMI) was established. Based first in Basel (Switzerland), and subsequently in Frankfurt am Main (Germany), the newly created institute was one of the most structurally significant outcomes of the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht and was intended to shepherd the creation of a new currency for the European Union - the Euro banknotes and coins - as well as to prepare for the establishment of the future European Central Bank (ECB). Unlike many other new institutions, recordkeeping was considered from the organization’s inception. The initial approach adopted was highly centralized and was deemed unsustainable in light of the experience of a fast-growing institution. While unsuccessful initially, the experience provided many insights and avenues of theoretical development when new recordkeeping functions were instituted upon the establishment of the ECB in 1998.

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-08 (August) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

OHCHR | Call for inputs – Transitional justice measures and the legacy of human rights violations in colonial contexts - OHCHR Special Rapporteur on truth, justice and reparation (OHCHR, 2021)
Objective of the report In the report, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence examines the question of the adoption of transitional justice measures to address the legacy of serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law committed in colonial contexts.

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-07 (July) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-06 (June) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada - Government of Canada (canada.ca, 2021)
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) supports Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) and Northerners in their efforts to improve social well-being and economic prosperity; develop healthier, more sustainable communities and participate more fully in Canada's political, social and economic development – to the benefit of all Canadians.
Last Modified: 2021-06-17
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-05 (May) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

Cultural Survival and Partners Submit Report on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights for Mexico’s Universal Periodic Review - Cultural Survival (Cultural Survival, 2021)
Under the public eye, Mexico has shown itself to be a fervent advocate of Indigenous rights at both the international and domestic levels. Nevertheless, violence against Indigenous Peoples is prevalent in the country.
Mexico
Keywords: 2023-08 August; UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-04 (April) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

ICRC | Call for comments: Guiding Principles for the Dignified Management of the Dead in Humanitarian Emergencies and to Prevent them Becoming Missing Persons - ICRC (2021)

ICC Office of the Prosecutor | Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage for consultation - ICC Office of the Prosecutor (International Criminal Court, 2021)
Today, 23 March 2021, the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court ("ICC" or the "Court''), published a draft Policy on Cultural Heritage for consultation and comments by States Parties to the Rome Statute, civil society, and the wider community of stakeholders.The development of this Policy is in line with the Office of the Prosecutor's Strategic Plan to pay particular attention to crimes against and affecting cultural heritage and the commitment of the Office to systematically investigate and prosecute such crimes. "Cultural heritage is the embodiment of the continuity of the human story, a celebration of identity, our commonality and the richness of our diversity. We all have a duty to protect cultural heritage," stated Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda in contextualising this policy initiative. The draft Policy on Cultural Heritage is the manifestation of these commitments within the framework of the Rome Statute.Building on good practices and experiences of the Office in, inter alia, the Al-Mahdi case, the envisaged Policy will further guide the Office in addressing international crimes against cultural heritage within the Court's legal framework, raise greater awareness about the importance of the issue, and seek to close the impunity gap, including through positive complementarity with national jurisdictions, and maximize impact through collaboration with a wide network of partners and relevant actors. The draft Policy is based on the Rome Statute and other regulatory instruments of the Court, as well as applicable treaties, and the principles and rules of international law. It also draws on relevant international jurisprudence.The policy formulation and drafting process to date has been a consultative one. Initial round table consultations took place with a group of external experts, including experts from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ("UNESCO"), in 2017. The Office has enjoyed close collaboration with UNESCO, and is further consulting this specialised agency of the United Nations also in this round of consultations. The consultations carried out to date have been important to better understand the various angles from which the work of the Office can play a role in the protection of cultural heritage and have assisted the policy formulation process.The Office is of the view that external consultations on its policies and working methods are helpful to the ends of transparency and predictability. Wider external consultation is also important in ensuring that the Office ultimately adopts a policy that is comprehensive and thoroughly considered. The Office therefore welcomes and encourages comments on the draft Policy. Comments can be sent to: OTPLegalAdvisorySection@icc-cpi.int, by Friday, 16 April 2021, midnight (CET). All input received by this deadline will be carefully considered in the internal review and revision process. The Office is grateful for the interest and support of the Rome Statute community for its activities and initiatives. Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage The Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC conducts independent and impartial preliminary examinations, investigations and prosecutions of the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression. Since 2003, the Office has been conducting investigations in multiple situations within the ICC's jurisdiction, namely in Uganda; the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Darfur, Sudan; the Central African Republic (two distinct situations); Kenya; Libya; Côte d'Ivoire; Mali; Georgia, Burundi; Bangladesh/Myanmar, Afghanistan (subject to a pending article 18 deferral request) and Palestine. The Office is also currently conducting preliminary examinations relating to the situations in Bolivia; Colombia; Guinea; the Philippines; and Venezuela (I and II); and has recently completed its preliminary examinations of the situations in Ukraine and Nigeria, which are pending requests to seek authorisation to proceed to investigation.

Archives and Human Rights - Boel, Jens; Canavaggio, Perrine; Quintana, Antonio González (Routledge, 2021)
Why and how can records serve as evidence of human rights violations, in particular crimes against humanity, and help the fight against impunity? Archives and Human Rights shows the close relationship between archives and human rights and discusses the emergence, at the international level, of the principles of the right to truth, justice and reparation.Through a historical overview and topical case studies from different regions of the world the book discusses how records can concretely support these principles. The current examples also demonstrate how the perception of the role of the archivist has undergone a metamorphosis in recent decades, towards the idea that archivists can and must play an active role in defending basic human rights, first and foremost by enabling access to documentation on human rights violations.Confronting painful memories of the past is a way to make the ghosts disappear and begin building a brighter, more serene future. The establishment of international justice mechanisms and the creation of truth commissions are important elements of this process. The healing begins with the acknowledgment that painful chapters are essential parts of history; archives then play a crucial role by providing evidence. This book is both a tool and an inspiration to use archives in defence of human rights. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429054624, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Keywords: Archives; Human rights; Political aspects; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; Transitional justice

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-03 (March) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-02 (February) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2021-01 (January) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2021)

Historical Memory in the Digital Age: In Guatemala, truthtellers and preservers of the past face renewed hostility. Digitization projects help safeguard the archives of state violence - Alvarado, Daniel; Juárez, Carlos; Gettleson, Brie (NACLA Report on the Americas, 2021)

Archives and Transitional Justice in Chile: A Crucial Relationship - Ferrara, Anita (Human Rights Review, 2021)
Other Publications

Non-recurrence, reconciliation, and transitional justice: situating accountability in Northern Ireland’s oral history archive - Kinder, Eliscia (International Journal of Human Rights, 2021)
Other Publications

Records Management Code of Practice 2021 - A guide to the management of health and care records - NHS England (NHS England, 2021)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Playing with Marked Cards, or Using Documents as a Tool for Historical Manipulation: the Case of Russian 'Archive Websites' - Zawistowski, Andrzej (Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity, 2021)
Can genuine archival documents be used to manipulate our knowledge of the past? Of course, only three steps suffice: restrict historians' access to archives, select sources according to a desired premise and make sure your message reaches a wide audience, especially non-historians.
Other Publications

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-12 (December) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-11 (November) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-10 (October) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

Myanmar: Military Ltd: The company financing human rights abuses in Myanmar - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2020)
In this report, Amnesty International provides new information exposing the link between Myanma Economic Holdings Public Company Ltd (MEHL) and military units that are implicated in crimes under international law and other serious human rights violations. This information has implications for MEHL’s many foreign and local business partners. By doing business with the conglomerate, they […]
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Temporal othering, de-securitisation and apologies: understanding Japanese security policy change - Gustafsson, Karl (Journal of International Relations and Development, 2020)
For several decades, Japan kept in place significant self-imposed constraints on its security policy even as its economy grew tremendously. While it has been argued that Japan refrained from enacting security policy change because of strong domestic pacifist or anti-militarist sentiments, recently, radical policy changes have nonetheless taken place. How can these changes be understood? The existing explanations typically see them as a response to objectively existing or constructed external threats. Such threat constructions might have contributed to the policy changes, but do not fully account for how the conditions that previously limited similar changes have altered. This article combines temporal othering and de-securitisation theory to account more fully for the policy changes. It shows that during the post-war period, Japan’s temporal other, that is its wartime self, was securitised within Japan, limiting changes in security policy. More recently, however, a de-securitisation of the Japanese temporal other has taken place, which has enabled more far-reaching policy change. Apologies have played a key role in this de-securitisation process by repeating and strengthening an identity narrative about how fundamentally different Japan has become from its past wartime self.
Num Pages: 511-534 Place: London, United Kingdom Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Keywords: Apology; De-securitisation; Japan; Re-articulation; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Security; Temporal othering

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-09 (September) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

From the forerunners of document collection to the trial of Klaus Barbie and beyond: the transitional justice journey of the Izieu telegram - Lühe, Ulrike; Ledauphin, Romain (The International Journal of Human Rights, 2020)
This article analyses the journey of the so-called Izieu telegram–atelegram sent by Nazi perpetrator Klaus Barbie to report the raidof a Jewish children’s home in France to his superiors–from itscreation to its use in multiple transitional justice mechanisms,including an international military tribunal, domestic trials inFrance, and various memorialisation projects. In doing so weapply the concepts of activation and the records continuumapproach, both borrowed from archival studies scholarship, toanalyse how an individual record becomes continuouslyrecontextualised through its use in transitional justice processesand in the process contributes to those same processes. Weconclude by highlighting both the benefits of bringing archivalconcepts into dialogue with transitional justice scholarship andpractice, and the tensions inherent in that endeavour.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-08 (August) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-07 (July) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

Recordkeeping and the life-long memory and identity needs of care-experienced children and young people - Hoyle, Victoria; Shepherd, Elizabeth; Lomas, Elizabeth; Flinn, Andrew (Child & Family Social Work, 2020)
In family settings stories, photographs and memory objects support narratives of identity and belonging. Such resources are often missing for people who were in care as children. As a result, they may be unable to fill gaps in their memories or answer simple questions about their early lives. In these circumstances, they turn to the records created about them by social workers and care providers to reconstruct personal histories. Research suggests that thousands of requests to view records for this purpose are made each year in England under the subject access provisions of data protection legislation. This article reports the findings of MIRRA, a participatory research project on the memory and identity dimensions of social care recordkeeping. Drawing on data collected during interviews and focus groups with adult care leavers, the study explores the motives and experiences of care-experienced people who access their records in England. Findings show the practical and cultural challenges they face when doing so and the resulting impacts on well-being. The study suggests that the development of person-centred approaches to recordkeeping in social work, which focus on the perspectives and experiences of the individual, could better support the lifelong memory and identity needs of care-experienced people.
_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/cfs.12778
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; identity; information rights; memory; recording; recordkeeping; records

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-06 (June) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-05 (May) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

Towards a human-centred participatory approach to child social care recordkeeping - Shepherd, Elizabeth; Hoyle, Victoria; Lomas, Elizabeth; Flinn, Andrew; Sexton, Anna (Archival Science, 2020)
In 2019, there were over 75,000 children and young people in out-of-home care in England and Wales. Recent estimates suggest that up to half a million British people were in state or voluntary care as children, around 1% of the adult population. While individual experiences vary enormously by time and place, care-experienced people share in common the intensive documentation of their lives by social workers, educators, health professionals and associated practitioners. A complex, fragmented legislative and regulatory framework governs the creation and use of these records at the national level. Under UK law, a ‘care file’ must be retained for at least 75 years, so that a substantial legacy of care data is held across the public, voluntary and private sectors. MIRRA: Memory—Identity—Rights in Records—Access, a participatory research project co-produced with care leavers, investigated recordkeeping practices in child social care from multiple perspectives. Interviews, focus groups and workshops with stakeholders identified critical failings in the creation, use, management and access to care records, which do not account for the needs and capabilities of multiple stakeholders. These failings have a direct impact on the well-being and health of care-experienced people throughout their lives. MIRRA researchers developed a human-centred participatory recordkeeping approach to child social care, which this article describes. The approach combines the participatory continuum model (Rolan in Arch Sci 17(3):195–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10502-016-9267-7, 2017) and the capabilities approach to social work, rooting child social care recordkeeping in information rights principles. The article makes a contribution to the literature that discusses archival science within a human rights and ethics framework and reflects on trauma-informed practice for information professionals. It also provides guidance on practice improvements for child social care recording.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-04 (April) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-03 (March) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

La Décennie des langues autochtones 2022-2032 sera axée sur les droits fondamentaux de leurs utilisateurs - Unesco (UNESCO, 2020)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-02 (February) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2020-01 (January) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2020)

War and Women's Human Rights Museum: Archives are Key - Jihyun, Youn (Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management, 2020)
Other Publications

Advancing Global Accountability: The Role of Universal Jurisdiction in Prosecuting International Crimes - Varney, Howard; Zduńczyk, Katarzyna (RESEARCH REPORT, 2020)

Jamal Khashoggi case: All the latest updates - Khashoggi, Jamal (aljazeera.com, 2019)
Here are the latest developments related to the Saudi journalist’s murder inside the kingdom’s consulate in Istanbul.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2019-12 (December) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

Declaration of principles on freedom of expression and access to Information in Africa - Mute, Lawrence Muguru (African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 2019)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2019-11 (November) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

By-Laws for the section on Archives and Human Rights - ICA Executive Board (2019)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2019-10 (October) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

Trump’s agreements in Central America are dismantling the asylum system as we know it - Narea, Nicole (Vox, 2019)
The administration has started sending migrants back to Guatemala.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The populist rewriting of Polish history is a warning to us all - Flieger, Estera (The Guardian, 2019)
Thirty years after communism ended, Poland’s past is again being manipulated for political motives, says Polish journalist Estera Flieger
Keywords: Europe; European Union; Poland; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Second world war; World news

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-09 (September) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

The Privacy Act in brief - Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (priv.gc.ca, 2019)
Personal information, coverage, complaints
Last Modified: 2019-08-23
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-08 (August) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

Guatemala Declares War on History - Lynch, Colum (Foreign Policy, 2019)
Looking for help on immigration, the Trump administration is silent in the face of Guatemala’s effort to seal its dirty war archive.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-07 (July) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-06 (June) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

Adventures in archives: An interview with Trudy Huskamp Peterson - Maifeld, Stacey (Link Magazine, 2019)
Trudy Huskamp Peterson (’67 English, history), once the Acting Archivist of the United States, now travels the world rescuing records at risk.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

How South Africa can do better at reversing apartheid's legacies - Oosthuizen, Marius (The Conversation, 2019)
In matters of policy-making and governing, understanding the systemic complexity of interrelated forces is crucial to avoiding failure.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ahmed Timol: the quest for justice for people murdered in apartheid's jails - Thomas, Kylie (The Conversation, 2019)
In South Africa’s criminal justice system post-1994, the Timol case is the first to enact what can be properly understood as restorative justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tunisia Truth Commission report (Part II): Justice and prisons, tools of oppression - Belhassine, Olfa (JusticeInfo.net, 2019)
Among the mechanisms on which the Bourguiba and Ben Ali regimes relied was the justice system which became a tool of government, and prisons, where all manner of violence and abuse took place. In its section on the mechanisms of systemic crimes, the report of the Truth and Dignity Commission (IVD) dissects these two tools […]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-05 (May) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

The Final Comprehensive Report - Truth & Dignity Commission (The Final Comprehensive Report, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-04 (April) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

Fury as Bolsonaro orders Brazil army to mark 55th anniversary of military coup - Phillips, Dom (The Guardian, 2019)
President’s instruction that defence ministry must hold ‘appropriate commemorations’ of 21-year military rule sparks outrage
Keywords: Americas; Brazil; Jair Bolsonaro; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; World news

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-03 (March) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

145 spies - The Secret History of Fiat Brazil’s Internal Espionage Network and Collaboration With the Military Dictatorship - Cesar, Janaina; Grossi, Pedro; Cerantola, Alessia; February 24 2019, Leandro Demori (The Intercept, 2019)
The workers were a threat to the company’s bottom line, so Fiat Brazil suppressed labor organizing through an internal spy ring.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Guiding Principles for Safe Havens for Archives at Risk - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives, 2019)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-02 (February) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2019-01 (January) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2019)

Community-Based Transitional Justice Via the Creation and Consumption of Digitalized Storytelling Archives: A Case Study of Belfast’s Prisons Memory Archive - Anderson, Michelle (International Journal of Transitional Justice, 2019)
Other Publications

A Paper Monument: The History of the Arolsen Archive - Borggräfe, Henning; Höschler, Christian; Panek, Isabel; Arolsen Archives (Bad Arolsen, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Managing cloud computing services in the United Nations system - Callejas, Jorge T. Flores; Dumitriu, Petru (United Nations, 2019)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Oral History and Collective Memory: Documenting Refugee Voices and the Challenges of Archival Representation - Dudman, Paul (Atlanti, 2019)

Guam World War II War Claims: A Legislative History - Guampedia.com (2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Postcolonial Archives and the Question of Justice - Richards, Jill (The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry, 2019)

UNESCO Women in Africa History - Unesco (Unesco, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Terms of Reference: Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on the Examination of the Most Appropriate Legal Framework for the Memory of the World (MoW) Programme - Unesco; Memory of the World (Unesco, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Digital LGBTQ archives as sites of public memory and pedagogy - Van Haitsma, Pamela (Rhetoric and Public Affairs, 2019)
Other Publications

The Chiquita 13: Profiles of Banana Officials Accused of Crimes Against Humanity - National Security Archive (National Security Archive, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Closing Guantanamo - Human Rights First (Human Rights First, 2018)
Closing Guantánamo is a “national security imperative” according to the Department of Defense. Guantánamo is a symbol of the failed war in Iraq, torture, and delayed justice for hundreds of men. Guantánamo is being used as a recruiting tool by terrorists. General Colin Powell has said, “I would close Guantánamo. Not tomorrow, but this afternoon.” General […]
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Child Social-Care Recording and the Information Rights of Care-Experienced People: A Recordkeeping Perspective - Hoyle, Victoria; Shepherd, Elizabeth; Flinn, Andrew; Lomas, Elizabeth (The British Journal of Social Work, 2018)
Recent reports by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) emphasised the critical importance of records throughout the lives of care-experienced people. Records not only contain information about what happened to a person in their past, but also have long-term effects on memory and identity. Research emerging in the context of analogous national inquiries into the systemic abuse and neglect of children in care—particularly the Royal Commission in Australia and the Shaw Report in Scotland—have highlighted the significance of records to campaigns for reparative justice. This article introduces MIRRA: Memory—Identity—Rights in Records—Access, which is a participatory action research project co-produced with care-leavers and researchers based at University College London (UCL). This ongoing study seeks to deepen our understanding of the creation, use and management of care records and protocols to access them. In this article, we consider the practice of social work recording with children and families in England since the 1970s from a ‘recordkeeping perspective’, importing theory from the information studies field to provide a new perspective on the information rights of care-leavers.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Executive Board of the ICA endorsed “Guiding Principles for Safe Havens for Archives at Risk” - National Archives of Finland - The National Archives of Finland (arkisto.fi, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: An archival commentary - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (International Council on Archives – Human Rights Working Group, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Mexico missing students: New president creates truth commission - BBC News (BBC News, 2018)
Mexico's new president creates a commission to investigate the 2014 Iguala disappearances.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

UN: War’s Impact on People with Disabilities - United Nations (Human Rights Watch, 2018)
A United Nations Security Council meeting on December 3, 2018 will shine a spotlight on the disproportionate impact of armed conflict on people with disabilities. People with disabilities have been invisible on the peace and security agendas of many countries around the world but are among the people most at risk during conflicts and humanitarian crises.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-12 (December) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

Climate Change Deniers Are Blocking Progress, UN Report Suggests for First Time - Roston, Eric (Bloomberg.com, 2018)
The United Nations’ annual assessment of global progress on climate change delivers familiar bad news this year – the problem is getting worse, not better – with a new twist: For the first time, political ideology is singled out for obstructing changes that would slow global warming.
Keywords: Climate Change; Economic Research; Environment; Global Warming; Markets; Media; Paris; Poland; Policy; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; business; climate-changed; politics; technology

Nations must triple efforts to reach 2°C target, concludes annual review of global emissions, climate action - UN Environment programme (UN Environment, 2018)
Section: News and Stories
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Child marriage in Egypt reaches 117,000 children: CAPMAS - Tawfeek, Farah (Egypt Independent, 2018)
An official CAPMAS report announced that 117,000 children under the age of 18 in Egypt are or have been married, even as Egypt has been battling child marriage. The report, which was released on the occasion of World Child Day, announced that Egypt has 39 million children, accounting for 40 percent of the total population. …
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Macedonia's fugitive ex-PM says granted asylum in Hungary | AP News - Gorondi, Pablo; Testorides, Konstantin (AP News, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights in a New Era - The digital landscape of rights - Bachelet, Michelle (OHCHR, 2018)
Speech at the University of Geneva by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet14 November 2018Good evening.I’m delighted to be part of this wonderful week of events, of seeking answers to some of the questions that will define our times. The program of this Human Rights Week lays out a number of topics that the entire human rights community will need to grapple with, as a new digital landscape comes into sharper focus around us.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

German bank caught in DRC colonial land dispute - News24 (News24, 2018)
A German state-owned bank has found itself at the centre of a battle in the Democratic Republic of Congo over agricultural land dating back to the Belgian colonial period, a report says.
Section: News24
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 70: 30 Articles on 30 Articles - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR, 2018)
SpanishIt has been 70 years since world leaders explicitly spelled out the rights everyone on the planet could expect and demand simply because they are human beings. Born of a desire to prevent another Holocaust, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights continues to demonstrate the power of ideas to change the world.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

A scientist makes the case for the power of DNA - The Economist (The Economist, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Archives at risk: addressing a global concern - Boel, Jens; Sutton, David C. (Comma, 2018)
Literary archivists in recent years have often taken an interest, and occasionally taken the lead, in projects which concern the multi-faceted topic of “archives at risk”. This essay reviews recent thinking and action on archives at risk, with special reference to archives which relate to cultural heritage, and describes practical responses in the three areas of documentary heritage at risk, the papers of dissident authors, and the challenging question of providing safe havens for archives at risk.
Publisher: Liverpool University Press
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-11 (November) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

How Trump-Fed Conspiracy Theories About Migrant Caravan Intersect With Deadly Hatred - Peters, Jeremy W. (The New York Times, 2018)
In the final days before the election, President Trump and Republicans are trying again to highlight the caravan, which he called “an invasion of our country.”
Keywords: Anti-Semitism; Conservatism (US Politics); Illegal Immigration; Immigration and Emigration; Midterm Elections (2018); News and News Media; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Republican Party; Rumors and Misinformation; Soros; George; Trump; Donald J; United States Politics and Government

Kosovo Courts Try 111 War Suspects Since 1999 - Ramadani, Drenushe; Morina, Die (Balkan Insight, 2018)
From 1999 to 2018, Kosovo courts heard 48 war crimes cases with a total of 111 defendants standing trial, said a new report published by the Humanitarian Law Centre.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

UN panel condemns French ban on full-face veils as violation of human rights - News Wires (France 24, 2018)
The UN Human Rights Committee on Tuesday criticised France's so-called burqa ban, saying the law "violated" the rights of two women who were fined for wearing full-face veils in public.
Section: france
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Toward a History of the Term “Anti-Semitism” - Feldman, David (The American Historical Review, 2018)
This essay traces the changing meanings of the term “anti-Semitism” from the late nineteenth century to the present. Focusing on Britain, it demonstrates that anti-Semitism, like any other concept, has a history—but in this case, one that remains largely uncharted. The essay draws a contrast between early usages of the term that regarded anti-Semitism as a specifically modern phenomenon and later meanings that have conceived anti-Semitism as a continuous and deep-seated malaise. Changes in the history of the concept of anti-Semitism were closely bound up with the history of minority rights and with the changing relationship of Jews to states. The foundation of the State of Israel in 1948 was a revolution in the relationship of Jews to state power that also led to radical changes in the meanings of anti-Semitism. Acknowledging the sedimented layers of meaning that lie within the concept of anti-Semitism will help us understand why the term has become so contentious in the present.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-10 (October) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

Aadhaar: India Supreme Court upholds controversial biometric database | CNN - Suri, Manveena (CNN, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Return is a Dream: Options for Post-Conflict Property Restitution in Syria, Washington - yria Justice and Accountability Centre (yria Justice and Accountability Centre, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

To anyone who uses a smartphone, drives an electric car or flies on a plane - Kara, Siddharth (news.trust.org, 2018)
Make no mistake - the supply chain of cobalt from the Congo is smeared in blood and misery
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

“History owes an apology”: The key quotes from India’s landmark ruling on gay rights - Bhattacharya, Ananya; Tandon, Suneera (Quartz, 2018)
"I am what I am, so take me as I am."
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Japanese history textbook controversy at a crossroads?: joint history research, politicization of textbook adoption process, and apology fatigue in Japan - Fukuoka, Kazuya (Global Change, Peace & Security, 2018)
Japan’s kyōkasho mondai (history textbook controversy) is at a crossroads. This article tries to exemplify it through the analysis of three issue areas at three levels (international, domestic, and societal). Internationally, the study looks into the failure of much anticipated joint history writing projects with China (2006–2010) and South Korea (2002–2005, 2007–2010). Domestically, this study problematises the recent politicisation of the textbook adoption system through the analysis of the Yokohama and Tokyo cases. The article also discusses the role of Nippon Kaigi (The Japan Conference), an influential rightist lobbying group, in this process. In this conjunction, at the societal level, there seems to have been the growing sense of frustration and resignation with China / South Korea among the Japanese public (i.e. apology fatigue). All these suggest that there has been an underlying change in the landscape of history textbook controversy in Japan, which also cogently shows the on-going practical difficulty in building trustworthy relationships between Japan and China / South Korea. This study tries to offer a contextual understanding about the underlying conditions for (and, hence, the changing societal expectations about) textbook production, content and reception.
Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/14781158.2018.1501012
Keywords: Correction; History textbook controversy; Japan; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; apology fatigue; joint history textbook research; securitization; textbook adoption process

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-09 (September) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

The global compact on refugees: UNHCR Quick Guide - Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for (The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Revealed: The New Zealand employers caught exploiting workers - Newshub (Newshub, 2018)
MBIE releases list of employers caught out ripping off workers and rorting the law.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

European rights court says Hungary must feed asylum seekers on border - Reuters (Reuters, 2018)
Hungary must provide food to rejected asylum seekers held in detention camps on its border who are appealing the decision, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) said on Thursday.
Keywords: Advocacy Groups; Asylum; Central; Children; Civil Liberties; Civil Rights; Court Cases; Court Decisions; Diplomacy; EUROPE; East European Countries; Eastern Europe; Emerging Market Countries; Ethnic Issues; Europe; European Union; FOOD; Foreign Policy; Fundamental Rights; Government; HUNGARY; Human Rights; Hungary; Immigration; Judicial Process; Lawmaking; Lobbies; MIGRANTS; Non-Governmental Organizations; Politics; Pressure Groups; Race Relations; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; Refugees; US; Western Europe; Youth Issues

Guatemala Police Archive under Threat - National Security Archive (National Security Archive, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A failure of global documentary heritage? UNESCO's ‘memory of the world’ and heritage dissonance in East Asia - Nakano, Ryoko (Contemporary Politics, 2018)
UNESCO’s ‘Memory of the World’ Programme promotes the preservation, universal access and public awareness of the world’s signiﬁcant documents as the common heritage of all humankind. The inscription of the ‘Documents of Nanjing Massacre’ into the ‘Memory of the World’ Register in 2015 reﬂects an increasingly globalised concern in the post–Cold War era over the remembrance of war and atrocity. Yet it has reignited the tension between Japan and China, resulting in strong pressure on UNESCO to reform its selection process for contested heritage. This paper addresses the limitations encountered by UNESCO in pursuing the promotion of global documentary heritage from an English School perspective. The 2015 controversy is relevant and indicative to an important question of International Relations on an inherent tension between the solidarist forces of promoting a normative agenda on human rights and common heritage and the pluralist pull of maintaining sovereignty and bringing heritage back to the hands of states.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-08 (August) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

US court hears case against Germany over Namibia genocide - Taylor, Howard Rechavia (aljazeera.com, 2018)
Lawyers for Herero and Nama people and for the German government present argument in lawsuit demanding reparations.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Chile: Investigators Pursue Sexual Abuse Cases in Rectory Raids - Telesurenglish.net (Telesurenglish.net, 2018)
Police raids revealed boxes of papers detailing investigations led by the Catholic church against five priests suspected of sexual abuse.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Anti-fascists won’t let Germany return to normal after weak verdict in neo-Nazi trial - Moore, Hilary; Frey, Laura (Waging Nonviolence, 2018)
A trial that should have exposed a terror network, instead revealed the limitations of the judicial system and how movements can fight back.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration - final draft - Global Compact for Migration (United Nations, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Case Law, Strasbourg: ML and WW v Germany, Article 8 right to be forgotten and the media – Hugh Tomlinson QC and Aidan Wills - inform's blog (Inforrm's Blog, 2018)
In the case of ML and WW v Germany ([2018] ECHR 554) (available only French), the Fifth Section of the Court of Human Rights dismissed an Article 8 “right to be forgotten” application i…
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-07 (July) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

How Tunisia is finally embracing its Berber culture - Putinja, Isabel (The Independent, 2018)
The revival of Tunisia's traditional heritage is creating new opportunities for cultural tourism, says Isabel Putinja
Section: Travel
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

How Guardianship Laws Still Control Saudi Women - Coker, Margaret (The New York Times, 2018)
The right to drive is only one small step toward full legal equality.
Keywords: Discrimination; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; Saudi Arabia; Women and Girls

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-06 (June) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

Four Retired Senior Military Officers Found Guilty in Molina Theissen Case - Burt, Jo-Marie; Paulo, Estrada (International Justice Monitor, 2018)
Four retired senior members of the Guatemalan military—including two high-ranking officers previously thought to be untouchable, former Army Chief of Staff Benedicto Lucas García and former chief of military intelligence Manuel Callejas y Callejas—were convicted today in Guatemala of involvement in
Section: Guatemala Trials
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Why Guatemala’s Anti-Corruption Commission Faces a New Wave of Efforts to Derail It - Doyle, Kate; Oglesby, Elizabeth (World Politics Review, 2018)
A new attorney general took office in Guatemala last week amid sharp tensions over the role of a United Nations-backed anti-corruption commission that has helped bring high-profile charges against some of the country’s most powerful politicians. Maria Consuelo Porras, a former substitute judge for Guatemala’s Constitutional Court, will run the country’s Public Ministry and direct its criminal, human rights and anti-corruption investigations. The outgoing attorney general, Thelma Aldana, and her predecessor, Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey, showed impressive leadership and independence in investigating and prosecuting these sorts of cases. Now their enemies want those advances reversed. Across Central America, public [...]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Artificial Intelligence: What’s Human Rights Got To Do With It? - Veen, Christiaan van (Medium, 2018)
This is the second blogpost in a series on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, co-authored by: Christiaan van Veen (Center for Human…
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

What You Need To Know About Cloud Laws and Regulations - Vlajin, Branko (Cloudwards, 2018)
Storing your files in the cloud means that you're placing them outside of the laws and regulations you may be used to. Different countries have very different ideas about how data should be treated; in this article we go over some of the most important differences between countries and tries to make sense of cloud law.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

My Life as a Spy: Investigations in a Secret Police File - Verdery, Katherine (Duke Univ Pr, 2018)
As Katherine Verdery observes, "There's nothing like reading your secret police file to make you wonder who you really are." In 1973 Verdery began her doctoral fieldwork in the Transylvanian region of Romania, ruled at the time by communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. She returned several times over the next twenty-five years, during which time the secret police–the Securitate–compiled a massive surveillance file on her. Reading through its 2,781 pages, she learned that she was "actually" a spy, a CIA agent, a Hungarian agitator, and a friend of dissidents: in short, an enemy of Romania. In My Life as a Spy she analyzes her file alongside her original field notes and conversations with Securitate officers. Verdery also talks with some of the informers who were close friends, learning the complex circumstances that led them to report on her, and considers how fieldwork and spying can be easily confused. Part memoir, part detective story, part anthropological analysis, My Life as a Spy offers a personal account of how government surveillance worked during the Cold War and how Verdery experienced living under it.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-05 (May) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

Mediated Massacre: Digital Nationalism and History Discourse on China's Web - Schneider, Florian (The Journal of Asian Studies, 2018)
On China's web, networked actors ranging from state agencies to private Internet users engage in highly active online discourse. Yet as diverse as this discourse may be, political content remains highly regulated, particularly on issues that affect the legitimacy of the ruling party. A prominent issue in this regard has been modern Chinese history, particularly the "national humiliation" that Japan inflicted on China's populace during events like the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. This article asks how the discourse on this particular event is structured on China's web, and what such practices of digital "remembering" can tell us about nationalism in the information age. Combining content analysis and digital tools, the article shows how the mass-media model that the Chinese authorities and various commercial actors apply to the web ultimately reproduces the very logic of "imagined communities" that makes reconciliation of historical disputes in East Asia so protracted.
Num Pages: 24 Place: Ann Arbor, United Kingdom Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: Asian Studies; Asian history; Chinese languages; Collective memory; Communication; Content analysis; Cultural heritage; Digital broadcasting; Digital media; Discourse; Disputes; Encyclopedias; Government agencies; Historiography; Humiliation; Information sources; International relations; Internet; Knowledge; Legitimacy; Literature; Mass media; Mass murders; Massacres; Memory; Modern history; Narratives; Nation states; National reconciliation; Nationalism; Political Science–International Relations; Political discourse; Political power; Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works; Social networks

The United Nations Set of Principles to Combat Impunity: A Commentary - Haldemann, Frank; Unger, Thomas (Oxford University Press, 2018)
The fight against impunity has become a growing concern of the international community. Updated in 2005, the UN Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity is the fruit of several years of study, developed under the aegis of the UN Commission on Human Rights and then affirmed by the Human Rights Council. These Principles are today widely accepted as constituting an authoritative reference point for efforts in the fight against impunity for gross human rights abuses and serious violations of international humanitarian law. As a comprehensive attempt to codify universal accountability norms, the UN Set of Principles marks a significant step forward in the debate on the obligation of states to combat impunity in its various forms. Bringing together leading experts in the field, this volume provides comprehensive academic commentary of the 38 principles. The book is a perfect companion to the document, setting out the text of the Principles alongside detailed analysis, as well as a full introduction and a guide to the relevant literature and case law. The commentary advances debates and clarifies complex legal issues, making it an essential resource for legal academics, students, and practitioners working in fields such as human rights, international criminal law, and transitional justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Women, Business and the Law 2018 - Iqbal, Sarah (World Bank, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Indonesia: Four Arrested for Same-Sex Conduct - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2018)
(Jakarta)—Indonesian authorities should immediately and unconditionally release four people detained in Aceh under a local ordinance that criminalizes same-sex conduct.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-04 (April) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Challenge of Religion - Morsink, Johannes (University of Missouri Press, 2018)
As its title indicates, Johannes Morsink’s new book takes stock of the grounding and prospects of human rights ideals in the face of what people often call “the return of religion.” He starts by claiming that, given its Holocaust origins, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 reflected secular assumptions—a common agreement transcending all faith commitments and requiring none in particular and, in fact, no faith of any kind. I think he proves his case, but scants the reasons why human rights were compatible with so many religions at the time and sidesteps the considerable recent debate about whether “secular” ideals are ever that distant from religious and especially Christian ones.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Czech and Slovak Victims of Coercive Sterilization Await Justice - ROMEA (Romea.cz - Vše o Romech na jednom místě, 2018)
In November 2017, nine governments of the United Nations urged the Czech Republic to provide compensation to women – in particular Romani women and women
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

ICARUS and EURBICA joint conference, Trogir, Croatia - Sutton, David (Literary and Artistic Archives: the blog of the Section on Literary and Artistic Archives of the International Council on Archives, 2018)
ICARUS Hrvatska, together with the ICARUS4all community (the International Centre for Archival Research), EURBICA (the European Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives), the State Archives of Split, and other partners, have organised the 4rd Croatia ICARUS days under the theme European archival landscape: Reaching out for new horizons. The conference will take place at the Hotel Medena, Trogir, Croatia, 14-16 March 2018.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-03 (March) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

Sacramento Bee Leaks 19.5 Million California Voter Records, Promptly Compromised by Hackers - Cameron, Dell (Gizmodo, 2018)
Last month, a local California newspaper left more than 19 million voter records exposed online. Gizmodo confirmed this week that the records were compromised during an apparent ransomware attack.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

'Canadians would be shocked': Survivors describe treatment at Nanaimo Indian Hospita - Sterritt, Angela; Dufresne, Manjula (CBC, 2018)
Survivors and experts say the treatment at the second-largest Indian hospital in Canada was allegedly harsh and abusive, and claim patients weren't told why they were being physically restrained and sometimes held for many years.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-02 (February) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

These twins were born 4 minutes apart. But only one is a U.S. citizen - Tchekmedyian, Alene (Los Angeles Times, 2018)
The two envelopes, one for each twin brother, arrived in the mailbox on the same day in March of last year.
Section: California
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Political Survival and Yasukuni in Japan's Relations with China - Cheung, Mong (Routledge, 2018)
What role does the political survival of prime ministers play in Japan’s relations with China over the Yasukuni issue? Three Japanese prime ministers, including Nakasone Yasuhiro, Hashimoto Ryutaro and Abe Shinzo, complied with China’s demands and stopped visiting the controversial Shrine in 1986, 1997 and 2007, respectively. By contrast, the Yasukuni controversy intensified between 2001 and 2006 when a popular Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro was determined to pay regular homage to the Yasukuni Shrine annually. Prime Minister Abe, who previously demonstrated restraint over the issue in his first term between 2006 and 2007, visited the Yasukuni unexpectedly in 2013 but not in 2014 or 2015. To explain this variation, this book presents an alternative interpretation of Japan’s official responses toward China’s pressure over the Yasukuni issue between 1985 and 2015 by applying a political survival approach that highlights the domestic political legitimacy of the Japanese prime minister or the ruling party.This book will be of great interest to students and researchers of Sino-Japanese relations, Japan’s foreign policy and international relations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2018-01 (January) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2018)

About us - United Nations Population Fund (United Nations Population Fund, 2018)
UNFPA is the United Nations sexual and reproductive health agency. Our mission is to deliver a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled. UNFPA Supports: Reproductive health care for women and youth
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Beyond the Obvious: The Stasi Records Archive as Transitional Justice Tool in an International Context - Hovestädt (ecpr.eu, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

On the Persistence of the Japanese History Problem: Historicism and the International Politics of History - Koyama, Hitomi (Routledge, 2018)
In Japan, people often refer to August 15, 1945 as the end of
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Handbuch Transitional Justice: Aufarbeitung von Unrecht - hin zur Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratie - Mihr, Anja; Pickel, Gert; Pickel, Susanne (Springer Fachmedien, 2018)
Dieses Handbuch ist eine systematische und methodische Einführung in das Thema Transitional Justice, das bislang vor allem durch Länderstudien zur
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Proof - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Informatio, 2018)
This essay looks at the historical background of compensation payments, then considers the impact of World War II on reparations programs, the intellectual criteria for compensation developed by international bodies during the second half of the 20th century, and examples of state-level compensation after 1975 to individuals who were harmed by state actions. It concludes by considering the documents required to prove identity and prove the harm that gives rise to the right to compensation.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Women who shaped the Universal Declaration - United Nations (United Nations, 2018)
Human Rights Day commemorates the day on which, in 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Publisher: United Nations
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Mothers’ names put on wedding certificates - Hellen, Caroline Wheeler and Nicholas (The Times, 2017)
Mothers’ names will finally be included on marriage certificates under plans expected to be approved by the Home Office in the new year. At present, the official documents record only the names and occupations of the fathers of the bride and groom.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

For captured ISIS fighters in Iraq, justice is swift and conviction certain - Gallagher, Ash (Yahoo!life, 2017)
Yahoo News gets a rare look inside the courtroom where captured ISIS fighters are being tried in Iraq. The trials last about 20 minutes, convictions are virtually certain, and a lenient sentence is 15 years.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Was the destruction of Old Mostar Bridge a war crime? - Hazan, Pierre (JusticeInfo.net, 2017)
To what extent does the destruction of an architectural masterpiece constitute a war crime if that masterpiece is also used for military purposes? What, too, if the destruction of such a monument, like the Old Mostar Bridge, causes psychological and physical harm to a civilian population now under siege? How should military objectives, damage to […]
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Caught On Video, Muslim’s Gory Slaying Angers Indians - BenarNews (Eurasia Review, 2017)
By Akash Vashishtha Indian activists blamed the government’s rightwing Hindu ideology Friday for a Muslim man’s gruesome killing, which was videotaped and posted online, and which police believe wa…
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-12 (December) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

Court rules airline can ban Israeli passengers - Pearson, Alexander (dw.com, 2017)
Kuwait Airways canceled an Israeli passenger's ticket because of their citizenship. Nothing wrong with that, said a court in Frankfurt — and provoked an outcry.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Yogyakarta Principles plus 10: Additional principles and state obligations on the application of international human rights law in relation to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics to complement the Yogyakarta principles. - Grinspan, Mauro Cabral; Carpenter, Morgan; Ehrt, Julia; Kara, Sheherezade; Narrain, Arvind; Patel, Pooja; Sidoti, Chris; Tabengwa, Monica (yogyakartaprinciples.org, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-11 (November) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 27, 2017 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 13, 2017 (AM) | Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet - Nogami, Kotaro (2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Indian child brides sold in 'package deals' to Gulf men - Srivastava, Roli (news.trust.org, 2017)
"I was 14 and our neighbour told us that a rich Arab boy was looking for a bride. We went to meet him. He was not a boy. He was 62"
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-10 (October) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)
Keywords: Oct'17 newsletter link to Nov'17.

The history of the persecution of Myanmar's Rohingya - Abdelkader, Engy (The Conversation, 2017)
The persecution of the Rohingya goes back to 1948, the year when Myanmar achieved independence from the British.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Trust Fund Unveils Reparations Plan for Katanga Victims - Wakabi, Wairagala (International Justice Monitor, 2017)
The International Criminal Court's (ICC's) Trust Fund for Victims (TFV) has published a plan for implementing reparation awards to 297 victims of crimes committed by former Congolese militia leader German Katanga. According to an order by ICC judges, each victim will receive an individual symbolic c
Section: Germain Katanga & Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Slavery in India’s Brick Kilns & the Payment System - Anti-slavery (Anti-slavery, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-09 (September) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-08 (August) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

Where is my name? Afghan women fight for their own identity - Joya, Bahaar (Reuters, 2017)
In Afghanistan's patriarchal society, a woman's name should not be revealed, even on her grave.
Keywords: AFGHANISTAN; Afghanistan; Asia; Belief; Civil Liberties; Civil Rights; Fundamental Rights; Human Rights; Internet; NAME; Pacific; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Religion; Science; Social Media; Technology; US; WOMEN; Women's Issues; World Wide Web

Thailand: Trafficking Convictions Important Step Forward - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Wife of Princeton researcher held in Iran urges his release - Schreck, Adam; Tang, Didi (AP NEWS, 2017)
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — The wife of a Princeton graduate student sentenced to 10 years behind bars in Iran called on authorities there to release him Tuesday, saying the Chinese-American man has been "unjustly imprisoned." Xiyue Wang was arrested nearly a year ago but his confinement only became known Sunday when Iran's judiciary announced his sentence, accusing him of "infiltrating" the country and sending confidential material abroad. The 36-year-old, described by Iranian authorities as holding Chinese and American citizenship, was in Iran doing research for his doctorate in late 19th and early 20th century Eurasian history when he was detained.
Section: Dubai
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Online Harassment 2017 - Duggan, Maeve (Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, 2017)
Roughly four-in-ten Americans have personally experienced online harassment, and 62% consider it a major problem.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-07 (July) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

Netherlands Found Partially Liable for Srebrenica Deaths - BIRN (Balkan Insight, 2017)
A Dutch appeals court found the Netherlands partially liable for the deaths of around 300 Bosniaks from Srebrenica who were killed after being expelled from a Dutch UN peacekeepers’ base in 1995.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-06 (June) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-05 (May) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

Jammu Chamber to launch ‘Identify & Kill’ campaign against Rohingya refugees - KL News Network (Kashmir Life, 2017)
Syed Junaid Hashmi Jammu Intensifying the campaign against the Rohingya Refugees and Bangladeshis living in Jammu, Jammu Chamber of Commerce and Industry (JCCI) Friday threatened to launch “Identify and Kill” campaign against them to force them to leave Jammu and other areas of the state where t...
Section: Kashmir Latest News
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-04 (April) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)

UN Security Council adopts historic resolution for the protection of heritage - Unesco (UNESCO, 2017)
New York, 24 March 2017 - UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova addressed today’s public briefing of the United Nations Security Council on “Maintenance of international peace and security: destruction and trafficking of cultural heritage by terrorist groups and in situations of armed conflict,” where the UN Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2347 for the protection of heritage.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Annual Report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2016 - Informe Anual 2016 - Lanza, Edison (OAS, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

On or off the record? Detecting patterns of silence about death in Guatemala’s National Police Archive - Guberek, Tamy; Hedstrom, Margaret (Archival Science, 2017)
This paper investigates how the production of police records was linked to the policies of repression and violence during Guatemala’s civil war. We provide empirical evidence from the Historical Archive of the Guatemalan National Police that the police used language, terminology and codes to record deaths in ways that produced silences about the level of violence during the height of repressive military rule. Using a dataset derived from a statistically valid sample of police records together with qualitative archival analysis, we find evidence of profound changes in the terminology used to record and report on deaths—changes that follow a pattern consistent with the policies of information control and concealment of the three different military regimes that ruled Guatemala between 1978 and 1985. We argue that researchers will need to consider the silences created through the selective use of terminology in documents when using archives to produce historical knowledge. Detecting and intercepting silence will be especially important as state records are increasingly sought in service of ongoing pursuits for truth and justice about past atrocities.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2017-03 (March) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2017)