The importance of ‘Othering’ in China's national identity: Sino-Japanese relations as a stage of identity conflicts - Suzuki, Shogo (The Pacific Review, 2007)
Recent studies have increasingly argued that the Chinese leadership uses Japan’s imperialistic past as a tool for domestic and political bargaining. However, this argument fails to appreciate the embedded nature of negative memories within China. This article forwards an alternative argument by situating Japanese militaristic history within Chinese national identity. By examining a wide range of Chinese primary sources often underutilized by International Relations (IR) analysts, it moves beyond narrow, elite-centred explanations. The article argues that modern China’s national identity has been characterized by an acute sense of ‘victimhood’ arising from its turbulent interactions with International Society, and that Japan plays an important role as an ‘Other’ which enhances China’s self-image as a ‘victim’. Furthermore, it claims that Japan’s emergence as an ‘Other’ in China’s national identity is a by-product of China’s attempts to regain its social and moral legitimacy within a post-Cold War International Society increasingly dominated by the Western powers. By highlighting the deeply entrenched nature of Japanese imperialist history in China’s national identity, the article also shows that history is more than just part of a ‘toolkit’ that can be rationally utilized by the political elite, and that states are moral agents that are deeply affected by history.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Chronique d'une enquête criminelle nationale: Le cas du régime de Hissein Habré, 1982-1990 - Abakar, Mahamat Hassan (Editions L'Harmattan, 2007)
Le 29 décembre 1990, très peu de temps après la prise du pouvoir par Idriss Déby, est créée une commission d'enquête chargée de faire la lumière sur les crimes et détournements commis par Hissein Habré et son gouvernement. L'auteur a été président de cette commission. Le rapport final est remis en 1992 et fait état de 40000 victimes, plus de 80000 orphelins, plus de 30000 veuves... Aucune des quatorze recommandations concluant ce rapport n'a été mise à exécution et la plupart des bourreaux d'hier ont été réhabilités et sévissent dans les services sécuritaires du nouveau gouvernement...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice - Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (United States Institute of Peace, 2007)
This report focuses on the often-ignored challenges faced by those seeking, through memorialization, to help repair societies that are emerging from violent conflict. The summary matrix at the end of this report provides recommendations to international actors interested in assisting in that process.

The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice - Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (United States Institute of Peace, 2007)
This report focuses on the often-ignored challenges faced by those seeking, through memorialization, to help repair societies that are emerging from violent conflict. The summary matrix at the end of this report provides recommendations to international actors interested in assisting in that process.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Public Records and Archives as Tools for Good Governance: Reflections Within the Recordkeeping Scholarly and Practitioner Communities - Kemoni, Henry N.; Ngulube, Patrick; Stilwell, Christine (ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives, 2007)
The article presents the various points of view regarding the definitions and uses of records and archives amongst the recordkeeping scholarly and practitioner communities. It demonstrates that whereas records and archives are useful tools for facilitating transparency, accountability and good governance in society, they could be used as instruments of repression and human rights abuses. Attempts made by various regimes to destroy evidence documented in records to conceal actions related to misuse of power and human rights abuses are highlighted. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for records and archives personnel to collaborate in order to establish good recordkeeping regimes that facilitate the exploitation and use of records and archives as tools for governance, enhancement of public service delivery and achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among recordkeeping scholars, consultants, researchers and practitioners into the use of records and archives as tools for good governance and protection of human rights.
Other Publications
Keywords: Archives; Governance; Human Rights; Recordkeeping; Records; United Nations Millennium Development Goals

Transition politique, histoire et mémoire : réflexions sur l’experience de la commission marocaine pour la vérité - El Yazami, Driss (Gazette des archives, 2007)
L’Instance Equité et Réconciliation (IER) a relayé et amplifié un travail de mémoire qui avait été engagé par la société marocaine depuis des années. L’auteur, ancien membre de l’IER, présente les nombreuses questions auxquelles s’est trouvée confrontée cette instance, chargée à la fois d’établir la vérité sur les violations des droits de l’Homme intervenues au Maroc pendant près d’un demi-siècle, d’en expliquer le contexte et d’en préserver la mémoire : question des témoignages oraux, de leur confrontation à d’autres sources, de la préservation des archives publiques et privées et surtout des relations entre mémoire et histoire. Les membres de l’IER ont refusé de donner une version définitive de l’histoire du Maroc indépendant et ont préconisé la mise en oeuvre d’une véritable politique publique de développement des archives, et de soutien à la recherche scientifique et à l’enseignement de l’histoire du temps présent. L’auteur plaide pour la poursuite du travail pédagogique et civique engagé par l’IER, afin de donner au grand public une conscience historique du passé, et de fonder leur sentiment de citoyenneté.
Other Publications

Die herbeigeschriebene "Legitimationskrise" Anatomie einer Kampagne gegen die Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde - Engelmann, Roger (Deutschland Archiv, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La política archivística del Gobierno español y la ausencia de gestión del pasado desde el comienzo de la transición - González Quintana, Antonio (Hispania Nova. Revista de Historia Contemporánea, 2007)
Most of political parties represented at the Spanish Parliament agreed, after Franco’s death, not to face the recent past. From the beginning of the Spanish political transition has existed neither a policy of memory nor a real archival policy regarding that subject. The management of the records produced by D.N.S.D. (National Delegation of Documentary Services, the information agency of Franco regime in Salamanca), was only focused on improving historical researches. The archives of military courts, used for massive civilian repression in ther forties, thirty years after continue being the biggest gap in Spanish archival legislation. No measures have been adopted to provide accountability about Human Rights violations or to facilitate the spreading of compensations for victims of repression.
Other Publications

Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post-autoritaires - González Quintana, Antonio (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post autoritaires ; Le rapport sur les archives des anciens régimes répressifs, préparé pour l’UNESCO et le Conseil International des Archives en 1996, a souligné l’importance cruciale de la conservation de ces documents puisqu’ils servent autant à la défense des personnes affectées par ces régimes qu’à la consolidation de la démocratie et à la reconstruction de la cohésion sociale. Comme la conservation des archives de la répression conditionne l’exercice de toute une série de droits collectifs et individuels, les nouvelles autorités démocratiques doivent adopter une législation adéquate. La loi doit considérer ces archives comme des biens culturels, en assurer la protection et en fixer les conditions d’accès. Compte tenu des risques de politisation de ces documents, il est indispensable que les archivistes en charge des archives de la répression adoptent un code de déontologie qui affirme le caractère patrimonial de ces archives et l’obligation pour les archivistes d’en préserver l’intégrité.
Other Publications

Act 52 of 2007 - Medical care availability and reduction of error (MCARE) act. Chapter 4. Health care-associated infections - health.pa.gov (2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Un précieux gâchis : les archives du procès Milosevic - Hubrecht, Joël (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Alors qu’il touchait à sa fin, le procès de l’ex-président serbe devant le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) a été interrompu par la mort de l’accusé, privant victimes et juges du verdict final. En l’absence de dénouement judiciaire, les archives du procès revêtent donc une importance particulière. L’auteur en décrit la composition, la conservation et l’exploitation et il s’interroge sur l’impact qu’on peut en attendre dans la construction de la mémoire collective et dans la transition démocratique des sociétés concernées par ses crimes. Il explique que l’enjeu n’est pas seulement la sauvegarde de la mémoire des années 90 mais celle de tous les conflits qu’a connus la région des Balkans au XXème siècle. Cette réappropriation globale de la mémoire est d’autant plus nécessaire que les générations n’ont connu qu’une histoire nationale réécrite et que le rapport à la «vérité des faits » est profondément altéré. C’est pourquoi il est crucial de développer une politique de conservation et d’exploitation des archives du TPIY qui soit suffisamment exemplaire pour restaurer cette confiance perdue. C’est aux juristes et aux historiens qu’il appartient d’exploiter et de valoriser au mieux le fonds d’archives de ce procès inachevé, afin de montrer que ce qui pourrait apparaître comme un gâchis est en réalité un bien très précieux.
Other Publications

Droit des archives et droits de l’homme - Kabanda, Marcel (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Devant l’impossibilité de reconstituer par les archives écrites la réalité des crimes commis au Rwanda, l’auteur souligne l’importance des témoignages oraux, seuls à faire apparaître le rôle du gouvernement intérimaire dans l’incitation des populations civiles à commettre un génocide. Il met en garde contre les effets pervers de la chasse aux documents lancée après les massacres, hors de tout contrôle et sans assurance de préservation, par de multiples acteurs désireux de mobiliser l’opinion publique. Quant aux professionnels des archives, ils sont soumis à la pression croissante de nouveaux usagers, victimes et défenseurs des droits de l’Homme, et journalistes. Il leur faut des moyens supplémentaires mais aussi un nouveau droit qui adapte les règles de consultation des archives aux exigences de ces différents publics, en assurant un équilibre entre l’exigence de savoir et la protection des sources, et en préservant les intérêts de la recherche historique. L’auteur suggère aussi des actions de sensibilisation à la notion d’archives, notamment en partenariat avec les systèmes éducatifs, comme cela est déjà le cas pour les droits de l’Homme.
Other Publications

Archivos y Derechos Humanos en Argentina - Karababikian, Graciela (Bolétin del Archivo General de la Nación, 2007)
Other Publications

Die Strafverfolgung von DDR-Unrecht: Fakten und Zahlen - Marxen, Klaus; Werle, Gerhard; Schäfter, Petra (Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La construction du récit de la mémoire collective avec la contribution du savoir de l’historien - Neirinck, Danièle (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Other Publications

Prawdy jak chleba - Niezabitowska, Małgorzata (Prószyński, 2007)
Procesowy thriller, powieść kryminalna, poradnik jak radzić sobie w sytuacjach ekstremalnych, historia przygodowa stanu wojennego, opowieść o miłości i przyjaźni - książka Małgorzaty Niezabitowskiej ł...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité - Pantz, Sylvie (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité ; Après avoir travaillé au Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie pendant quatre ans, de 1996 à 1999, l’auteur est retournée à La Haye préparer son intervention. Elle porte un regard neuf sur le TPIY qu’elle avait quitté dans la phase de «cueillette des preuves » et qu’elle retrouve très bien rôdé et doté de moyens sophistiqués à quelque temps de sa fermeture. Plus qu’aux archives du TPIY, bien conservées, c’est aux témoins qui ont déposé à La Haye et particulièrement aux témoins «potentiels » qu’elle s’intéresse. Elle craint qu’à la fermeture du Tribunal ils ne soient laissés pour compte parce qu’on a estimé inutile de les appeler à témoigner lors d’un procès. Elle souhaite que les justices nationales s’approprient ces affaires qui ne relèvent pas de la compétence du TPIY, ce qui donnerait l’occasion à ces témoins négligés de témoigner. Elle estime en conclusion qu’il serait légitime de restituer ces preuves, non pas aux Nations unies mais à leurs «propriétaires » . Elle s’interroge sur le lieu où les déposer, sans pouvoir apporter de réponse.
Other Publications

Les archives de la défense des droits humains en Amérique latine : Chili, Argentine, Pérou - Pérotin Dumon, Anne (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Cet article explique l’émergence, les caractères et la valeur d’un ensemble documentaire propre au XXe siècle, tel qu’il se constitue en Amérique latine lorsque des organismes de défense des droits de l’Homme surgissent de la société civile pour défendre les victimes et dénoncer, au plan du droit, les graves infractions qui sont commises, dans les pays en proie à la violence politique. Son propos est centré sur trois pays où ce mouvement s’est particulièrement illustré. Il rappelle d’abord dans quelles circonstances associations de victimes, mouvements militant pour la cause des droits humains et organisations non gouvernementales apparaissent. Sont ensuite examinées leurs formes d’organisation et d’action, et les deux grandes catégories de documents qu’ils produisent – d’investigation et de communication – découlant de leurs deux fonctions – défendre et dénoncer. Enfin comment, avec la transition démocratique, leurs documents acquièrent un statut d’archives proprement dit et sont utilisés comme preuves avant de susciter, depuis peu, un intérêt comme patrimoine.
Publisher: Persée - Portail des revues scientifiques en SHS
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La política archivística del Gobierno español y la ausencia de gestión del pasado desde el comienzo de la transición - Quintana, Antonio González (Hispania nova, Revista de Historia Contemporánea, 2007)
Most of political parties represented at the Spanish Parliament agreed, after Franco’s death, not to face the recent past. From the beginning of the Spanish political transition has existed neither a policy of memory nor a real archival policy regarding that subject. The management of the records produced by D.N.S.D. (National Delegation of Documentary Services, the information agency of Franco regime in Salamanca), was only focused on improving historical researches. The archives of military courts, used for massive civilian repression in ther forties, thirty years after continue being the biggest gap in Spanish archival legislation. No measures have been adopted to provide accountability about Human Rights violations or to facilitate the spreading of compensations for victims of repression.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives et processus de criblage dans les sociétés en transition : l’exemple des pays de l’ancien bloc des Pays de l’Est - Rumin, Serge (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le vetting ou criblage consiste en l’examen minutieux des antécédents d’un candidat à un poste afin de déterminer son aptitude, sur le plan moral, à occuper un poste. Ce procédé est considéré comme un mécanisme de justice transitionnelle, au service tant de la réforme institutionnelle et de la poursuite pénale, que de la recherche collective de la vérité et de la réparation des torts causés aux victimes. L’auteur montre le rôle clé de l’information dans le mécanisme de criblage et les défis que posent la collecte et le traitement de l’information en général. Après avoir identifié le type d’informations utilisé dans un mécanisme de criblage, il met en évidence le lien entre la nature du processus de transition (post-conflit ou post-autoritaire) et le type d’information disponible, et examine en quoi le type d’information utilisé conditionne le mécanisme de criblage. Il montre enfin que le type d’information et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour son traitement affectent substantiellement les résultats du processus.
Other Publications

Los archivos de los derechos humanos en el Perú - Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz (Historizar el pasado vivo en América Latina, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Pasado y presente de la violencia en Colombia | Daniel Ricardo Peñaranda Supelano | Universilibros - Sánchez, Gonzalo; Peñaranda, Ricardo (La Carreta Editores E.U., 2007)
📚 Durante los últimos veinte años Pasado y presente se convirtió en un referente de los estudios sobre La Violencia. Cuando aún no se hablaba entre
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A la recherche des disparus de la seconde guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives - Sellem, Denis (Gazette des archives, 2007)
A la recherche des disparus de la Seconde Guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives ; Parti à la recherche de son oncle, Edouard Kalifat, disparu en URSS à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’auteur retrace les étapes successives d’un parcours solitaire qui l’a mené de ministères en centres d’archives russes et ukrainiens, en passant par l’appel à témoins et le recours aux medias. Devenu un usager des archives expérimenté, il explique les difficultés qu’il a rencontrées au cours de sa quête d’informations, en raison de la complexité et du cloisonnement des circuits institutionnels et associatifs. Elles l’ont incité à élargir sa recherche personnelle à celle de toutes les personnes disparues en URSS dans des conditions analogues et à créer une association spécialisée dans les recherches humanitaires. Il tire de cette expérience unique des recommandations pratiques, destinées à faciliter la tâche des familles confrontées à la disparition de l’un de leurs membres et désemparées. Il invite les administrations concernées à établir à leur intention un guide des démarches à entreprendre. Il presse aussi les archivistes d’élaborer un guide des services d’archives à consulter et de mettre en place des instruments de recueil d’informations et de suivi des dossiers.
Other Publications

Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même - Solis Azuaga, Gabriela (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même. ; Gabriela Solís Azuaga présente dans cet article son témoignage vécu du stronisme, régime despotique du général Stroessner que le Paraguay a subi pendant 35 ans. Après avoir présenté brièvement le Paraguay et son histoire, l’auteur tente de définir ce régime, atypique à plus d’un titre. La découverte en 1992 des archives de la police politique du stronisme, archives dites de la terreur, a permis à certaines familles de connaître la vérité sur le sort de leurs disparus et d’obtenir justice. Mais l’intérêt de ce fonds dépasse le cadre national puisqu’on y trouve les fichiers et dossiers de l’Opération Condor qui concernent les pays d’Amérique latine impliqués dans ce plan coordonné de répression. L’auteur conclut en constatant que le temps du travail de mémoire n’est pas encore arrivé au Paraguay, alors que la compréhension du passé permettrait de résoudre les difficultés auxquelles il est toujours confronté.
Other Publications

The Tismaneanu Report: Romania Revisits Its Past - Tanasoiu, Cosmina (Problems of Post-Communism, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - United Nations (OHCHR, 2006)
Entry into force: 3 May 2008, in accordance with article 45(1). Preamble (a) Recalling the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations which recognize the inherent dignity and worth and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights Council. Decision 2/105. Right to the Truth - Commission on Human Rights (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Access, the democratic imperative - Ketelaar, Eric (Archives and Manuscripts, 2006)
Informit is an online service offering a wide range of database and full content publication products that deliver the vast majority of Australasian scholarly research to the education, research and business sectors. Informit encompasses online products: Informit Indexes, Informit Plus Text and Informit Collections.
Other Publications

Postguerra: Una historia de Europa desde 1945 - Judt, Tony (Taurus, 2006)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Touchstones: Considering the Relationship between Memory and Archives - Millar, Laura (Archivaria, 2006)
This paper considers the relationship between memory and archives by exploring the concepts of individual and collective memory and by examining the processes involved with creating, capturing, storing, and retrieving memories. The author considers the metaphor of archives as memory and relates our perception of memory to our understanding of the creation, preservation, and use of records and archives. She demonstrates that individual and collective memory represent only a fragment of life events and she reflects on the emotional, temporal, and political realities that affect what we remember and how. She concludes that records and archives are not in themselves “memories” but only touchstones upon which memories may be retrieved, preserved, and articulated. RÉSUMÉCe texte examine le lien entre la mémoire et les archives en explorant les concepts de la mémoire individuelle et collective et en analysant les processus associés à la création, la saisie, la sauvegarde et le repérage des souvenirs. L’auteure sonde la métaphore des archives comme mémoire, puis elle lie notre perception de la mémoire à une connaissance de la création, de la préservation et de l’usage des documents et des archives. Elle montre que la mémoire individuelle et collective ne représente qu’un fragment des événements d’une vie donnée et elle considère les réalités émotives, temporelles et politiques qui influent sur ce dont on se souvient et comment l’on y parvient. Elle conclue que les documents et les archives ne sont pas d’euxmêmes des « souvenirs », mais qu’ils sont plutôt des balises sur lesquels l’on peut retrouver, préserver et articuler des souvenirs.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 - Judt, Tony (Penguin Books, 2006)
Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize • Winner of the Council on Foreign Relations Arthur Ross Book Award • One of the New York Times' Ten Best Books of the Year“Impressive . . . Mr. Judt writes with enormous authority.” —The Wall Street Journal“Magisterial . . . It is, without a doubt, the most comprehensive, authoritative, and yes, readable postwar history.” —The Boston GlobeAlmost a decade in the making, this much-anticipated grand history of postwar Europe from one of the world's most esteemed historians and intellectuals is a singular achievement. Postwar is the first modern history that covers all of Europe, both east and west, drawing on research in six languages to sweep readers through thirty-four nations and sixty years of political and cultural change-all in one integrated, enthralling narrative. Both intellectually ambitious and compelling to read, thrilling in its scope and delightful in its small details, Postwar is a rare joy. Judt's book, Ill Fares the Land, republished in 2021 featuring a new preface by bestselling author of Between the World and Me and The Water Dancer, Ta-Nehisi Coates.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La Ligue tunisienne des droits de l'homme interdite de tenir son congrès par la police - Beaugé, Par Florence (Le Monde.fr, 2006)
Des incidents se sont produits, samedi, devant le siège de la Ligue, interdite d'accès aux militants, aux observateurs internationaux et aux journalistes.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Professional ethics and practice in archives and records management in a human rights context - Cook, Michael (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
This article contains a survey of ethical codes adopted by the Archives and Records Management (ARM) professional associations in Anglophone areas in the 1990s and notes that such codes are in effect standards to set beside other standards. The Museums Association code of ethics is compared, because it is aimed at institutions and not at individual professionals. It can be observed that institutional aims contain a strong ethical component. This is backed by procedural standards and guidelines required by new legislation in the UK (notably Freedom of Information and Data Protection). ARM professionals are faced with growing tensions in the interfaces between them and creators of records, owners of records, users and data subjects. Ethical decisions are constantly being demanded in all these areas. There is then a review of ARM responses to the human rights movement internationally, ranging from the ethical code proposed by the Quintana Report (1997), through subsequent discussions at CITRA, the Vienna Congress of the International Council on Archives (2004) and the University of Liverpool conference on archives and political pressures (2003). The article concludes by proposing that codes of ethics should be extended to direct the work of institutions as well as of individuals, that ethical principles embedded in procedural standards and guidelines should be recognised and codified, and that human rights issues should be explicitly recognised in ARM services through mission and policy statements.
Other Publications

Archives as Spaces of Memory - Ketelaar, Eric (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
The first part of this paper deals with truth, justice, memory and the role of archives. The record speaks with multiple voices through many intermediaries. Those intermediaries are the subject of the second part of the paper addressing the issue of connecting people's stories with public archives, using technologies for social navigation and ubiquitous computing which can transform archives into social spaces of memory.
Other Publications
Keywords: From the Forerunners of Document Collection to the Trial of Klaus Barbie and beyond

Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz: Kommentar - Geiger, Hansjörg; Klinghardt, Heinz; Burth, Josephine; Budsinowski, Martin; Pietrkiewicz, Jörg; Rapp-Lücke, Juliane (Kohlhammer, 2006)
Das Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz, welches in den zurückliegenden Jahren verschiedentlich geändert wurde, steht weiterhin in öffentlichem Interesse und Diskussion. Die Neubearbeitung des Kommentars bringt das Praxiswissen zum StUG unter Beachtung der Rechtsprechung auf den aktuellen Stand. Neben der praxisnahen und allgemein verständlichen Kommentierung der Einzelvorschriften des Gesetzes enthält die Neuauflage einen einleitenden Überblick über Aufbau, Aufgaben und Methoden des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2005 - Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law - United Nations (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

German Reparations to the Jews after World War II: A Turning Point in the History of Reparations - Colonomos, Ariel; Armstrong, Andrea (The Handbook of Reparations, 2006)
The post-world war II German-Israeli reparations program is the largest, most comprehensive reparations program ever implemented. Traditionally, reparations were supported by the vanquished and were designed to compensate the victor for the damages caused during the war. The Wiedergutmachung (literally “making the good again”) program as it is called in Germany, or Shilumim (the payments) as Israelis usually prefer to refer to it, innovates in many areas and goes beyond this interstate framework. Jewish leaders participated in the Luxembourg negotiations that led to the signature of the 1952 treaty, and community networks played a crucial role in the distribution of the money to the victims. Civil society groups played an instrumental role in the United States as plans for reparations were being discussed during the war. Neither the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) nor Israel existed during the war. Reparations have been paid to the state of Israel and were paid to Jewish Holocaust survivors regardless of their nationality. The FRG benefited politically and economically from this treaty. It was able to enter the international arena and establish diplomatic relations with Israel, whose economy greatly benefited from the money it received.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study on the Right to the Truth, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Commission on Human Rights (2006)
Sixty-second session Item 17 of the provisional agenda
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La "cultura de la memoria": problemas y reflexiones - Waldman M., Gilda (Política y cultura, 2006)
El artículo plantea que la emergencia de la memoria como preocupación cultural y política central de nuestras sociedades contemporáneas es un fenómeno mundial que atraviesa los más diversos espacios geográficos. El texto esboza algunas explicaciones sobre el por qué de esta intensa "obsesión memorialística", señalando, al mismo tiempo, algunas de sus paradojas. El artículo analiza, asimismo, cómo se produce la apertura de la memoria relativa al pasado reciente en algunos países de Europa y en algunos otros del Cono Sur después de la experiencia de las dictaduras militares, para centrarse a continuación en la "batalla de las memorias" en México, en relación al tema de los movimientos político–armados, algunos de décadas en estos casos.
Other Publications

Los archivos españoles en el siglo XX: políticas archivísticas y producción bibliográfica - Alonso, Vicenta Cortés; Gómez, Pedro López; Quintana, Antonio González (ANABAD, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Freedom of Information Around the World 2006: A Global Survey of Access to Government Information Laws - Banisar, David (Privacy International, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Matériaux pour l’histoire de notre temps 2006/1, no.81 - L’Argentine de Perón à Kirchner 1973-2003 - La contemporaine (Bibliotheque de Documentation Contemporaine, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Deaths in Wars and Conflicts in the 20th Century - Leitenberg, Milton (Cornell University, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Légitimité et Légalité. Considérations (sur la Loi et la Justice) à l’image de deux grands procès politiques - Mateva, Milena (Université de Neuchâtel, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archivos y Derechos Humanos: los documentos de la CVR - Mendoza, Navarro; A´lda, Luz (Centro estratégico para el Desarrollo Empresarial, serie archivística, 2006)
Other Publications

Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecution Initiatives - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transformation: the Czech experience - People in Need (Organization) (People in Need, 2006)
OCLC: ocn269412888
Keywords: 1989-1992; 1993-; Czech Republic; Czechoslovakia; Democratization; Economic policy; Politics and government; Post-communism; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives, Truth, and Reconciliation - Sachs, Albie (Archivaria, 2006)
This lecture by Justice Albie Sachs of the South African Constitutional Court recounts his “archive fever.” Archivaria asked Verne Harris of the Nelson Mandela Foundation to prepare a short introduction. RÉSUMÉCet exposé du juge Albie Sachs de la Cour constitutionnelle de l’Afrique du Sud (South African Constitutional Court) évoque sa « fièvre des archives ». Archivaria a demandé à Verne Harris de la Fondation Nelson Mandela de préparer une brève introduction.
Other Publications

La "cultura de la memoria": problemas y reflexiones - Waldman, Gilda M. (Política y cultura, 2006)
Publisher: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Pinheiro Principles: United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons - Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Japanese Apologies for World War II: A Rhetorical Study: A Rhetorical Study - Yamazaki, Jane (Routledge, 2005)
Post-war Japan offers a compelling case study of national apologies for past wrongdoings. Actions of the Japanese Army and government during the Second World War caused enormous suffering and distress throughout Asia, leaving a legacy of resentment and distrust. Beginning in the mid-1980s, apology for wartime actions became a recurring issue for Japan. Repeated calls for apology from various quarters as well as repeated apologies by Japanese officials provide a rich source for the study of national apology and how public apology discourse develops over time. Unlike most rhetorical studies that focus on apologia in the broad sense, this study concentrates on the strategy of the ‘true apology.’ The study combines rhetorical, sociological and historical approaches to address multiple examples of Japanese apology during the period 1984 to 1995. The author suggests that motive is more complex than the ‘image restoration’ theory that is prevalent in rhetorical theory. More specifically, this study emphasizes repair of relationships, self-reflection leading to a ‘new’ improved identity and affirmation of moral principle as reasons for apology.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Refworld | Families Torn Apart: The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions - Human Rights Watch (Refworld, 2005)
This 69-page report shows how the travel policies of both countries infringe upon the internationally recognized right to freedom of movement, which includes the right to leave and return to one's own country. In the case of parents and children forced to reside in different countries, the policies also violate the international prohibition on the involuntary separation of families.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

La Guerre d'Algérie : une histoire apaisée ? - Branche, Raphaëlle (Seuil, 2005)
Guerre d'Algérie ici, guerre de libération nationale là-bas, quelle que soit la manière dont on le nomme, ce conflit a été, dès son origine, l'objet d'interprétations divergentes. Des hommes politiques construisaient la guerre par les mots quand d'autres la niaient. Les sociétés algérienne et française ont hérité de ces affrontements. Depuis 1962, les historiens ont dû travailler au milieu des affects, des tensions et des désirs contradictoires exprimés à l'égard de ce passé complexe et sensible. L'analyse des cinquante années écoulées depuis le déclenchement de l'insurrection fait également ressortir le poids du politique sur les conditions d'écriture de l'histoire, qu'il s'agisse de contrôler le récit sur le passé, de le surveiller, de l'interdire mais aussi de l'encourager ou de le faciliter. Ainsi, l'accès aux archives demeure, encore aujourd'hui, une question cruciale de part et d'autre de la Méditerranée. L'étude de l'historiographie française et étrangère révèle pourtant que la recherche avance. Mais un constat s'impose aussi : les voies pour une histoire sereine de la guerre ne se dégagent que lentement.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Days of Worship and Days of Rest: A View from Israel - Gavison, Ruth (Heidelberg, 2005)
Series Title: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Housing and property restitution in the context of the return of refugees and internally displaced persons - Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio (United Nations, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Essays in Understanding, 1930-1954: Formation, Exile, and Totalitarianism - Arendt, Hannah (Schocken, 2005)
Few thinkers have addressed the political horrors and ethical complexities of the twentieth century with the insight and passionate intellectual integrity of Hannah Arendt. She was irresistible drawn to the activity of understanding, in an effort to endow historic, political, and cultural events with meaning. Essays in Understanding assembles many of Arendt’s writings from the 1930s, 1940s, and into the 1950s. Included here are illuminating discussions of St. Augustine, existentialism, Kafka, and Kierkegaard: relatively early examinations of Nazism, responsibility and guilt, and the place of religion in the modern world: and her later investigations into the nature of totalitarianism that Arendt set down after The Origins of Totalitarianism was published in 1951. The body of work gathered in this volume gives us a remarkable portrait of Arendt’s developments as a thinker—and confirms why her ideas and judgments remain as provocative and seminal today as they were when she first set them down.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Condor Years: How Pinochet And His Allies Brought Terrorism To Three Continents - Dinges, John (The New Press, 2005)
A compelling and shocking account? of a brutal campaign of repression in Latin America, based on interviews and previously secret documents (The Miami Herald). Throughout the 1970s, six Latin American governments, led by Chile, formed a military alliance called Operation Condor to carry out kidnappings, torture, and political assassinations across three continents. It was an early ?war on terror? initially encouraged by the CIA?which later backfired on the United States. Hailed by Foreign Affairs as ?remarkable? and ?a major contribution to the historical record,? The Condor Years uncovers the unsettling facts about the secret US relationship with the dictators who created this terrorist organization. Written by award-winning journalist John Dinges and updated to include later developments in the prosecution of Pinochet, the book is a chilling yet dispassionately told history of one of Latin America?s darkest eras. Dinges, himself interrogated in a Chilean torture camp, interviewed participants on both sides and examined thousands of previously secret documents to take the reader inside this underground world of military operatives and diplomats, right-wing spies and left-wing revolutionaries. ?Scrupulous, well-documented.? ?The Washington Post ?Nobody knows what went wrong inside Chile like John Dinges.? ?Seymour Hersh
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights Resolution 2005/66: Right to the Truth - Commission on Human Rights (United Nations, 2005)
Adopted without a vote. See chap. XVII, E/CN.4/2005/L.10/Add.17
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Le droit à la vérité - Résolution de la Commission des droits de l’homme 2005/66 - Nations Unies (Nations Unies, 2005)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Genocidal Archives: The African Context—Genocide in Rwanda - Adami, Tom A.; Hunt, Martha (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2005)
When looking at international criminal justice archival theory and practice, it is difficult to find many examples. There are the two current ad-hoc international criminal tribunals dealing with the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) in The Hague, Netherlands and Arusha, Tanzania, respectively. Prior to 1993 one has to go back to the late 1940's and the Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials. This article asks whether there is such a thing as international criminal justice archival theory and details several of the unique aspects of record-keeping practice in an international organisation that deals with genocide and other crimes against humanity. Much valuable and innovative work has been carried out by the staff of the records and archives unit of ICTR since 1998 and the continuation of these approaches will be vital to future similar organisations. In light of current developments to deal with the former Iraqi regime in a hybrid internatioinal and/or domestic Iraqi court, valuable lessons can be learnt from the experience of the ICTY and the ICTR.
Other Publications

Promotion and Protection of Human Rights - Orentlicher, Diane (United Nations - Economic and Social Council, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Memoria en construcción: el debate sobre la ESMA - Brodsky, Marcelo (La Marca editora, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les archives des ONG: une mémoire à partager. Guide pratique en 60 questions - Conseil International Des Archives (Conseil International Des Archives, 2005)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

El testimonio en una memoria a ciudadana: el informe Nunca Más - Crenzel, Emilio (Estudios: Centro d Estudios Avanzados, 2005)
En este articulo se desarrollará una descripción y análisis delpapel y el lugar que asumen los testimonios que reproduce el informe Nunca Más elaborado por la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas en 1984 en torno a las desapariciones.Se intentará describir y analizar su contenido y forma, el tono deestas voces, las intervenciones que realiza la CONADEP sobre los mismos y las continuidades y rupturas que presentan con respecto al lugar que ocuparon en los discursos previos acerca de la desaparición de personas.
Publisher: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Section: Estudios: Centro d Estudios Avanzados
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Chapter 2 - Archival institutions - Cunningham, Adrian (Archives: Recordkeeping in Society Topics in Australasian Library and Information Studies, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Los orígenes del Partido del Socialismo Democrático (1989-1993): el ave fénix roja en Alemania - de la Guardia, Ricardo Martín (Ayer, 2005)
El Partido del Socialismo Democrático (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus), surgido de la descomposición interna del SED (Sozialistiscbe Einbeitspartei Deutschlands), es un caso relevante de adaptación de los partidos únicos en los regímenes comunistas a la democracia plurípar-tidista. Dadas las peculiaridades de la transición en la República Democrática de Alemania, acelerada por su rápida integración en la República Federal, el SED no tuvo la oportunidad de transformarse en una organización socialdemócrata como en la mayoría de los países del Este, pues ya existían el SPD y, a su izquierda, los Verdes. Este hecho explica la importancia histórica de seguirlo en sus primeros pasos para analizar las dificultades de pervivencia de la estructura del partido único y explicar de esta manera su inserción en el sistema de partidos alemán posterior a la Reunificación. Resulting from the decay of the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands), the Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus) typifies the adaptation of Eastern and Central European Communist state parties into multiparty democracy. Given the peculiarities of the GDR's political transition— a process which was accelerated by its rapid integration into the Federal Republic—, the SED had no chance to develop into a Social Democratic party as that political space was already occupied by the SPD and, further left, the Greens. Hence the importance of tracing the origins of the PDS, that is, the old party structure's struggle for survival and its inclusion in the post-unification German party system.
Publisher: [Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea, Marcial Pons Ediciones de Historia]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Volkserhebung gegen den SED-Staat: eine Bestandsaufnahme zum 17. Juni 1953 - Engelmann, Roger; Kowalczuk, Ilko-Sascha (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005)
Der Aufstand vom 17. Juni 1953 ist eines der Schlüsselereignisse in der deutsch-deutschen Geschichte. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes berichten über den Verlauf des Aufstands und stellen die Bezüge zum kommunistischen Machtbereich her. Die Vorgänge im Repressionsapparat, die Gefangenenbefreiungen am 17. Juni, die Entwicklung der Strafpraxis sowie der Ausbau des repressiven Instrumentariums nach der Erhebung bilden einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Bandes. Abschließende Beiträge betrachten das 'doppelte' Juni-Trauma der Machthaber und der Opposition, die intellektuelle Bewältigung des Geschehens, die Stellung des 17. Juni im nationalen Gedächtnis der alten Bundesrepublik und das Verhältnis von Juni-Aufstand und friedlicher Revolution 1989.
Keywords: History / General; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Open Memory: Using inter-institutional cooperation to facilitate access to human rights. - Ferrari, Damian (New Tactics Project of the Center for Victims and Torture., 2005)
Other Publications

Access to archives - A handbook of guidelines for implementation of Recommendation No R(2000)13 on a European policy on access to archives - Kecskeméti, Charles; Székely, Iván (Council of Europe, 2005)
In the early 1990s, when Europe ceased to be divided in opposing political blocs, the Council of Europe concluded that access to archives was one of the key issues to be addressed in. order to fortify democracy throughout the continent. Intensive, in-depth preparation led to the drafting of Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Policy on Access to Archives, the first intergovernmental standard in this field.The recommendation is motivated by the ethical conviction that knowledge of the past constitutes a human right and that in a democracy citizens are entitled to access to an unbiased presentation of their history based on authentic sources preserved in archives.This handbook explains the principles that should govern access policy and practice in the 21st century, summarises the main findings of a pan-European survey on the situation regarding access to archives and formulates a set of guidelines for the implementation of the recommendation intended for civil servants and decision makers, archival authorities and archivists, the scholarly community and civil organizations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A handbook of the communist security apparatus in East Central Europe 1944-1989 - Persak, Krzysztof; Kamiński, Łukasz (Institute of National Remembrance, 2005)
Keywords: Communism; Europe; Central; Europe; Eastern; History; Internal security; Political persecution; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Secret service; Soviet Union

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory - Sanford, George (Routledge, 2005)
The Soviet massacre of Polish prisoners of war at Katyn and in other camps in 1940 was one of the most notorious incidents of the Second World War. The truth about the massacres was long suppressed, both by the Soviet Union, and also by the United States and Britain who wished to hold together their wartime alliance with the Soviet Union. This informative book examines the details of this often overlooked event, shedding light on what took place especially in relation to the massacres at l
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Oral History as a Mechanism for Dealing with the Past. - Toma, Marijana (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2005)
Other Publications

PROMOVENDO A JUSTIÇA TRANSICIONAL EM SOCIEDADES PÓS-CONFLITO - van Zyl, Paul (Revista de Anistia Política e Justiça de Transição, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

'We must remember our past so that we do not repeat it' - Forde, Helen (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2004)
The theme of the 2003 CITRA conference concentrated on archives and human rights and the problems associated with the status, use and collection of such archives. It provided a global view of large-scale denial of human rights, and gave insight into different views and perceptions. In the UK the issue is less the mass denial of human rights, more the recurrent denial to individuals. How does the UK measure up in terms of trying to prevent the abuse of such rights? Will the implementation of the Freedom of Information Act make a difference? Raising awareness is a first step, but more action is needed in order to avoid any repetition of past failures.
Other Publications

Post‐totalitarian national identity: public memory in Germany and Russia - Forest, Benjamin; Johnson, Juliet; Till, Karen (Social & Cultural Geography, 2004)
Through a comparative analysis of Germany and Russia, this paper explores how participation in the memorialization process affects and reflects national identity formation in post‐totalitarian societies. These post‐totalitarian societies face the common problem of re‐presenting their national character as civic and democratic, in great part because their national identities were closely bound to oppressive regimes. Through a comparison of three memorial sites—Sachsenhausen concentration camp memorial in Germany, and Lubianka Square and the Park of Arts in Russia—we argue that even where dramatic reductions in state power and the opening of civil society have occurred, a simple elite–public dichotomy cannot adequately capture the nature of participation in the process of memory re‐formation. Rather, mutual interactions among multiple publics and elites, differing in kind and intensity across contexts, combine to form a complex pastiche of public memory that both interprets a nation's past and suggests desirable models for its future. The domination of a ‘Western’ style of memorialization in former East Germany illustrates how even relatively open debates can lead to the exclusion of certain representations of the nation. Nonetheless, Germany has had comparatively vigorous public debates about memorializing its totalitarian periods. In contrast, Russian elite groups have typically circumvented or manipulated participation in the memorialization process, reflecting both a reluctance to deal with Russia's totalitarian past and a emerging national identity less civic and democratic than in Germany.
Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1464936042000252778
Keywords: Germany; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Russia; monuments and memorials; politics of memory; public memory

The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies : - United Nations (United Nations, 2004)
DAA Highlights key issues and lessons learned from the Organization's experiences in the promotion of justice and the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies. Provides details on i) strengthening the rule of law and transitional justice in the wake of conflict; ii) articulating a common language of justice for UN; iii) basing assistance on international norms and standards; iv) identifying the role of UN peace operations; v) assessing national needs and capacities; vi) supporting domestic reform constituencies; vii) recognizing the political context; viii) embracing integrated and complementary approaches; ix) filling a rule of law vacuum; x) developing national justice systems; xi) learning lessons from the ad hoc criminal tribunals; xii) supporting the role of the International Criminal Court; xiii) facilitating truth telling; xiv) vetting the public service; xv) delivering reparations; xvi) coordinating our efforts; and xvii) building our roster of experts. Also includes recommendations.
Publisher: UN,
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Fact-Finding by Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations: Challenges,Strategies, and the Shaping of Archival Evidence - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2004)
Other Publications

Archives and Historical Accountability: Toward a Moral Theology of Archives - O'Toole, James (Archivaria, 2004)
Other Publications

Les archives contre l'oubli, par Perrine Canavaggio et Louis Joinet - Le Monde (Le Monde.fr, 2004)
Redécouvrir l'histoire tragique d'un peuple, préserver les preuves qui permettront un jour que passe la justice.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

General Comment No. 31 [80] The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant Adopted on 29 March 2004 (2187th meeting) - United Nations Human Rights Committee (United Nations, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Ethics of Memory - Margalit, Avishai (Harvard University Press, 2004)
Much of the intense current interest in collective memory concerns the politics of memory. In a book that asks, "Is there an ethics of memory?" Avishai Margalit addresses a separate, perhaps more pressing, set of concerns. The idea he pursues is that the past, connecting people to each other, makes possible the kinds of "thick" relations we can call truly ethical. Thick relations, he argues, are those that we have with family and friends, lovers and neighbors, our tribe and our nation–and they are all dependent on shared memories. But we also have "thin" relations with total strangers, people with whom we have nothing in common except our common humanity. A central idea of the ethics of memory is that when radical evil attacks our shared humanity, we ought as human beings to remember the victims. Margalit's work offers a philosophy for our time, when, in the wake of overwhelming atrocities, memory can seem more crippling than liberating, a force more for revenge than for reconciliation. Morally powerful, deeply learned, and elegantly written, The Ethics of Memory draws on the resources of millennia of Western philosophy and religion to provide us with healing ideas that will engage all of us who care about the nature of our relations to others.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

French Senate backs headscarf ban - BBC News (BBC News, 2004)
The upper house of the French parliament approves a bill banning Islamic headscarves in state schools.
Keywords: BBC; BBC News; British; Foreign; International; News; News online; Online; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; Service; Uk; World

The Rule of Law in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Glendon, Mary Ann (Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights, 2004)
Our abiding commitment to the rule of law is the very bedrock of our civilization. It is what makes all else possible, from the flowering of the arts to the steady advance of the sciences. The idea that men must govern themselves not by the arbitrary commands of a ruler but by their own considered judgment, is the means whereby chaos is replaced by order. Balanced by the peaceful resolution of differences, the rule of law and the institutions of representative democracy are what stand between civilization and barbarism. It is through law-governed liberty that mankind has been able to achieve so much.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

A nation shamed - Jeffries, Stuart (The Guardian, 2004)
Why does France keep making films that glorify the Resistance and gloss over the truth about collaboration? By Stuart Jeffries.
Keywords: Culture; Film; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Überlieferung der Diktaturen. Beiträge zum Umgang mit Archiven der Geheimpolizei in Polen und Deutschland nach 1989 - Beaupré, Nicolas; Dakowska, Dorota (Klartext Verlag, 2004)
Warum ist das Institut für Nationales Gedächtnis – IPN (das Pendant zur Gauck-Behörde) erst 1998 gegründet worden? Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen dem Verlauf der politischen Wende in Deutschland bzw. in Polen, der Entscheidung über die
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Accountability, History, and Archives: Conflicting Priorities or Synthesized Strands? - Dirks, John M. (Archivaria, 2004)
Other Publications

The Ford Foundation's Support For Human Rights Archives. - Divack, Alan (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
Other Publications

Overcoming the apartheid legacy: the special case of the Freedom Charter - Dominy, Graham (Archival Science, 2004)
Other Publications

Los Archivos de la Represión: Balance y Perspectivas - González Quintana, Antonio (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
Other Publications

Archive und Demokratie in der Informationsgesellschaft - Graf, Christoph (Studien und Quellen, Etudes et Sources, 2004)
Other Publications

Les archives: la mémoire au coeur de la société démocratique - Janssens, Gustaaf (Pliegos de Yuste: Revista de Cultura y Pensamiento Europeos, 2004)
Other Publications

"Taking sides": National Archives and the defence of Human rights in a multicultural society. - Nishiguchi, Gabrielle (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
Other Publications

Prosecution and resistance, compensation and reconcilitation – two repressive systems in a country: the case of German archives - Oldenhage, Klaus (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
Other Publications

Truth and the records of truth commissions - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Studien und Quellen, Etudes et Sources, 2004)
Other Publications

Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? - Rose, Caroline (Routledge, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Strafverfahren wegen MfS-Unrechts : die Strafprozesse bundesdeutscher Gerichte gegen ehemalige Mitarbeiter des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR - Schißau, Roland (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archivos y Organizaciones de Defensa de los Derechos Humanos en Argentina. - Tappatá de Valdez, Patricia (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
Other Publications

Liberation, reconciliation and the importance of the record - Tutu, Desmond (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
Other Publications

Les archives du Comité international de la croix-rouge comme source de reconstruction de l'identité des victims. - Willemin, Georges (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
Other Publications

Three Media Leaders convicted for Genocide - United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, 2003)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Archives and the Public Good: Accountability and Records in Modern Society - Cox, Richard J.; Wallace, David A. (Journal of Documentation, 2003)
Other Publications
Keywords: Accountability; Archives; Records management

Violencia y Política en Colombia: Elementos de Reflexió… - Pécaut, Daniel (Hombre Nuevo Editores, 2003)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Este libro constituye una compilación de algunos de los trabajos producidos por el profesor Pé…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Responsabilidad de las empresas transnacionales y otras empresas comerciales en la esfera de los derechos humanos - United Nations (United Nations, 2003)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Presidential Materials: Politics and the Presidential Records Act - Montgomery, Bruce (The American Archivist, 2003)
President George W. Bush's Executive Order No. 13,233, issued on 1 November 2001, marked the latest attempt by the executive branch to circumvent or otherwise nullify the key provisions of the Presidential Records Act. Congress passed the Presidential Records Act in 1978 in the wake of the Watergate scandals to assure public ownership and control over presidential materials. Nonetheless, starting with the presidency of Ronald Reagan, who was the first president to be covered by the act, the executive branch has repeatedly attacked the statute through various regulatory schemes and overly broad claims of executive privilege. Indeed, with their historical reputations and legacies at stake, presidents have never fully accepted the concept of yielding control over their presidential materials. This article reviews the troubling history of the Presidential Records Act and the implications of the latest attempts to restrict access to presidential papers.
Other Publications

Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Geyer, Michael (Princeton University Press, 2003)
Broken glass, twisted beams, piles of debris–these are the early memories of the children who grew up amidst the ruins of the Third Reich. More than five decades later, German youth inhabit manicured suburbs and stroll along prosperous pedestrian malls. Shattered Past is a bold reconsideration of the perplexing pattern of Germany's twentieth-century history. Konrad Jarausch and Michael Geyer explore the staggering gap between the country's role in the terrors of war and its subsequent success as a democracy. They argue that the collapse of Communism, national reunification, and the postmodern shift call for a new reading of the country's turbulent development, one that no longer suggests continuity but rupture and conflict. Comprising original essays, the book begins by reexamining the nationalist, socialist, and liberal master narratives that have dominated the presentation of German history but are now losing their hold. Treated next are major issues of recent debate that suggest how new kinds of German history might be written: annihilationist warfare, complicity with dictatorship, the taming of power, the impact of migration, the struggle over national identity, redefinitions of womanhood, and the development of consumption as well as popular culture. The concluding chapters reflect on the country's gradual transition from chaos to civility. This penetrating study will spark a fresh debate about the meaning of the German past during the last century. There is no single master narrative, no Weltgeist, to be discovered. But there is a fascinating story to be told in many different ways.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Teaching an Old Genre New Tricks: The Diary on the Internet - Mcneill, Laurie (Biography, 2003)
This article examines the diary's transformation from print culture practice to online phenomenon, considering the implications of this change for the diary as a literary genre and as life writing. This discussion explores the challenges the online diary represents to traditional concepts of the genre as private and monologic, investigating the ways in which online diarists attract readers, build communities, and create identities in cyberspace.
Publisher: University of Hawai'i Press
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Montréal Principles on Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (International Federation for Human Rights, 2002)
Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. The information has been carefully selected and compiled from UNHCR's global network of field offices, Governments, international, regional and non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and judicial bodies.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Politiques du pardon - Lefranc, Sandrine (Presses Universitaires France, 2002)
Dans de nombreuses démocraties ayant récemment succédé à des régimes autoritaires, bourreaux et victimes continuent de coexister. La haine est toujours présente malgré la mise en place de processus de "réconciliation" par les gouvernements actuels en Amérique du Sud comme en Afrique du Sud. Des réparations et l'établissement de la vérité sur les crimes commis devaient pallier l'absence de poursuites judiciaires, des lois d'amnistie devaient également représenter une première étape vers le pardon et la réconciliation. Faut-il pardonner aux agents d'un régime autoritaire qui ont torturé et fait disparaître des opposants par milliers ? Un pardon politique est-il possible ?Collection : La collection « Fondements de la politique », dirigée par Yves-Charles Zarka, Directeur de recherche au CNRS, accueille, dune part, des éditions de textes importants où les concepts fondamentaux de la politique peuvent être ressaisis dans leurs moments doctrinaux de formation, dinfléchissement ou de crise, dautre part, des travaux de recherche sur les auteurs ou les uvres de philosophie politique, enfin, des essais visant à renouveler la pensée politique contemporaine.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Stories and names: Archival description as narrating records and constructing meanings - Duff, Wendy M.; Harris, Verne (Archival Science, 2002)
The authors of this essay, coming from very different traditions and modes of archival discourse, explore together archival description as a field of archival thinking and practice. Their shared conviction is that records are always in the process of being made, and that the stories of their making are parts of bigger stories understandable only in the ever-changing broader contexts of society. The exploration begins with an interrogation of the traditional and ever-valid questions of the what and the why of archival description. Thereafter they offer a deconstruction of these questions and of the answers commonly proffered. In these sections of the essay their concern is with descriptive architecture, the analysis covering a number of specific architectures and including only oblique references to descriptive standardization. The concluding section attempts to draw out the implications of their analysis for endeavours - irrespective of the architectures being used - to define, and to justify, descriptive standards. Their call is not to dispense with standardization, but rather to create space for a liberatory approach which engages creatively the many dangers of standardization.
Other Publications

A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Glendon, Mary Ann (Random House Publishing Group, 2002)
Unafraid to speak her mind and famously tenacious in her convictions, Eleanor Roosevelt was still mourning the death of FDR when she was asked by President Truman to lead a controversial commission, under the auspices of the newly formed United Nations, to forge the world’s first international bill of rights. A World Made New is the dramatic and inspiring story of the remarkable group of men and women from around the world who participated in this historic achievement and gave us the founding document of the modern human rights movement. Spurred on by the horrors of the Second World War and working against the clock in the brief window of hope between the armistice and the Cold War, they grappled together to articulate a new vision of the rights that every man and woman in every country around the world should share, regardless of their culture or religion.A landmark work of narrative history based in part on diaries and letters to which Mary Ann Glendon, an award-winning professor of law at Harvard University, was given exclusive access, A World Made New is the first book devoted to this crucial turning point in Eleanor Roosevelt’s life, and in world history.Finalist for the Robert F. Kennedy Book Award
Google-Books-ID: PHI5XTOi4gUC
Keywords: Biography & Autobiography / Political; History / United States / 20th Century; Political Science / Human Rights; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Lutter contre l'impunité. Dix questions pour comprendre et pour agir - Joinet, Louis (La Découverte, 2002)
Depuis les années 1990, il devient enfin envisageable de juger les responsables contemporains de violations massives des droits de l'homme : la pression des sociétés civiles a permis la création de tribunaux ad hoc (ex-Yougoslavie et Rwanda), la mise en place prochaine d'une Cour pénale internat...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Mechanisms complementing prosecution - Olson, Laura (Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross (IRRC), 2002)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives, records, and power: The making of modern memory - Schwartz, Joan M.; Cook, Terry (Archival Science, 2002)
This article serves as the general introduction by the guest editors to the first of two thematic issues of Archival Science that will explore the theme, "archives, records, and power." Archives as institutions and records as documents are generally seen by academic and other users, and by society generally, as passive resources to be .exploited for various historical and cultural purposes. Historians since the mid-nineteenth century, in pursuing the new scientific history, needed an archive that was a neutral repositories of facts. Until very recently, archivists obliged by extolling their own professional myth of impartiality, neutrality, and objectivity. Yet archives are established by the powerful to protect or enhance their position in society. Through archives, the past is controlled. Certain stories are privileged and others marginalized. And archivists are an integral part of this story-telling. In the design of record-keeping systems, in the appraisal and selection of a tiny fragment of all possible records to enter the archive, in approaches to subsequent and ever-changing description and preservation of the archive, and in its patterns of communication and use, archivists continually reshape, reinterpret, and reinvent the archive. This represents enormous power over memory and identity, over the fundamental ways in which society seeks evidence of what its core values are and have been, where it has come from, and where it is going. Archives, then, are not passive storehouses of old stuff', but active sites where social power is negotiated, contested, confirmed. The power of archives, records, and archivists should no longer remain naturalized or denied, but opened to vital debate and transparent accountability.
Keywords: Archival theory; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; archives and power relationships; identity formation; representation and reality; social memory

Reflections on the Goal of Archival Appraisal in Democratic Societies - Eastwood, Terry (Archivaria, 2002)
Other Publications

Wokół Jedwabnego, t. 1 Studia - Machcewicz, Paweł; Persak, Krzysztof (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2002)
pod red. Pawła Machcewicza i Krzysztofa Persaka, t.1 Studia Publikacja Wokół Jedwabnego, przygotowana przez Biuro Edukacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, prezentuje wyniki badań naukowych na...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Establishing Recognition of Past Injustices: Uses of Archival Records in Documenting the Experience of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War - Roberts-Moore, Judith (Archivaria, 2002)
Other Publications

Selected Themes in the Literature on Memory and Their Pertinence to Archives - Craig, Barbara L. (The American Archivist, 2002)
Publisher: Society of American Archivists
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Silencios, contingencias y desafíos: el Archivo de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad en Chile. - Cruz, María Angélica (Los archivos de la represión: Documentos, memoria y verdad, 2002)
Other Publications

Virginity Testing in Turkey: A Violation of Women’s Human Rights - Lasco, Chanté (Human Rights Brief, 2002)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Directrices para proyectos de digitalización de colecciones y fondos de dominio público, en particular para aquellos custodiados en bibliotecas y archivos - Ministerio de Cultura (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 2002)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Recordkeeping, reconciliation and political reality - Piggott, Michael; McKemmish, Sue (Australian Society of Archivists Annual Conference, 2002)
Other Publications
Keywords: Uncategorized

DECLARATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND HUMAN DUTIES - Valencia, Fundacion; Milenio, Tercer (globalization.icaap.org, 2002)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Romania: Bottom of the Heap - Judt, Tony (The New York Review, 2001)
The February 2000 issue of the Bucharest men's magazine Plai cu Boi features one Princess Brianna Caradja. Variously clad in leather or nothing much at
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies - Brito, Alexandra Barahona De; Enriquez, Carmen Gonzalez; Aguilar, Paloma (Oxford University Press, 2001)
One of the most important political and ethical issues faced during a political transition from authoritarian or totalitarian to democratic rule is how to deal with legacies of repression. This book explores the important aspect of transitional politics, assessing how Portugal, Spain, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Germany after reunification, Russia, the Southern Cone of Latin America and Central America, as well as South Africa, have confronted legacies of repression.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives - Ketelaar, Eric (Archival Science, 2001)
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian. Sociologists and anthropologists see "the archive" also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents, archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the meanings of archives.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Judging the Past in Unified Germany - McAdams, A. James (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
In recent years, no modern democracy has taken more aggressive steps to come to terms with a legacy of dictatorship than has the Federal Republic of Germany with the crimes and injustices of Communist East Germany. In this book, A. James McAdams provides a comprehensive and engaging examination of the four most prominent instances of this policy: criminal trials for the killings at the Berlin Wall; the disqualification of administrative personnel for secret-police ties; parliamentary truth-telling commissions; and private property restitution. On the basis of extensive interviews in Bonn and Berlin over the 1990s, McAdams gives new insight into the difficulties German politicians, judges, bureaucrats, and public officials faced sitting in judgment on the affairs of another state. He argues provocatively that the success of their policies must be measured in terms of the way they used East German history to justify their actions. In 1997, A. James McAdams was awarded the DAAD Prize for Distinguished Scholarship in German Studies. He is Professor and Chair of the Department of Government and International Studies at University of Notre Dame, in Notre Dame, Indiana. He is the author of East Germany and Détente (Cambridge University Press, 1985), Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification (Princeton University Press, 1992), and co-author of Rebirth: A Political History of Europe Since World War II (Westview Press, 1999). McAdams is also editor of Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies (University of Notre Dame Press, 1997).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justice and Reconciliation: After the Violence - Rigby, Andrew (Lynne Rienner Pub, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Iraqi Secret Police Files: A Documentary Record of the Anfal Genocide - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2001)
Other Publications

The Truth of Truth Commissions: Comparative Lessons from Haiti, South Africa, and Guatemala - Chapman, Audrey; Ball, Patrick (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
This article identifies some of the complexities and factors shaping the efforts of truth commissions. It also evaluates the kinds of truths that truth commissions can most appropriately seek to determine. While truth commissions are often portrayed as generic bodies, they have very different approaches to the kind of "truth" they are seeking. Their official mandates, the perceptions and priorities of their commissioners and key staff, the methodological orientations utilized, and the level of resources available all shape the nature of their findings and the type of report they produce. In addition, decisions made by those working within a specific truth commission, sometimes without an understanding of their implications, often have important consequences for truth-finding. The analysis draws on the experience of the American Association for the Advancement of Science's (AAAS) Science and Human Rights Program in providing scientific and technical assistance to three recent truth commissions-the Haitian National Commission for Truth and Justice (CNVJ), the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (TRC), and the Commission for Historical Clarification (CEH) in Guatemala.
Other Publications

The Past That Archives Keep: Memory, History, and the Preservation of Archival Records - Brothman, Brien (Archivaria, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Mielke-Konzern. Die Geschichte der Stasi 1945-1990 - Gieseke, Jens (DVA, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Political Forgiveness - Digeser, Peter (Cornell University Press, 2001)
What does forgiveness mean when it appears in politics, and what is its relationship to other ideas in political philosophy? In Political Forgiveness, P. E. Digeser defends a conception of forgiveness against those who are skeptical of its desirability as a political idea. While much of the previous work on forgiveness reflects theological or psychological perspectives, Digeser offers a concept of political forgiveness that is secular and public rather than religious or personal. It centers on the capacity of victims and creditors to release transgressors and debtors from their moral and financial debts. "If justice is a matter of receiving one's due", he says, "then political forgiveness entails releasing one's due". Nevertheless, political forgiveness remains connected to justice in important ways.Exploring the limits and possibilities of political forgiveness, Digeser considers not only its relationship to justice, but also such issues as who has authority to forgive, the connection between forgiveness and reconciliation, the meaning and scope of group responsibility, the idea of pardoning as a form of political forgiveness, and whether there is an obligation to forgive.
Google-Books-ID: lSfsKx5ZayoC
Keywords: Political Science / General; Political Science / History & Theory; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights: A Survey of Archival Sources in the United States and Canada - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
Other Publications

Une drôle de justice : Les magistrats dans la guerre d'algerie - Thénault, Sylvie (La Découverte, 2001)
De 1954 à 1962, au nom de la lutte contre la " subversion " du FLN, au nom du rattachement de l'Algérie à la France qui interdisait d'y appliquer le droit de la guerre et de considérer les nationalistes comme des combattants, la justice et son personnel prirent une part active à la guerre d'Algérie : instruction des affaires, condamnations par milliers infligées par les tribunaux correctionnels et militaires, rappel de magistrats sous les drapeaux, etc. Les seules condamnations à mort atteignirent les 1 500, dont près de 200 furent exécutées. Dans ce livre passionnant et très documenté, Sylvie Thénault montre que cette insertion de la justice dans un vaste système de répression la priva de fait de son droit de regard sur les arrestations, les gardes à vue, les détentions et les interrogatoires pratiqués par l'armée. S'appuyant sur des archives jusque-là inaccessibles de l'Armée de terre - instructions, directives, fiches de renseignements, etc. - et du ministère de la justice, notamment la correspondance entre les procureurs généraux d'Algérie et la Chancellerie parisienne, elle met au jour une justice amputée et réformée par les législations d'exception. Une " drôle de justice ", à l'image de la " drôle de guerre ", cette guerre qui n'en était pas vraiment une. Il est temps, aujourd'hui, que ce passé proche entre dans l'Histoire. Pour les magistrats qui l'ont vécue, appelés à jouer un rôle inédit, confrontés au partage de compétence avec la justice militaire et à la torture, la période reste douloureuse. C'est pour l'aborder sereinement, sans juger ni céder aux injonctions d'un " devoir de mémoire " culpabilisant, que l'auteur a écrit ce livre.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Clarification Commission in Guatemala - Tomuschat, Christian (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Universalizing Human Rights: The Role of Small States in the Construction of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Waltz, Susan (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Establishment of a Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/22 - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2000)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography - Maier, Charles S. (University of California Press, 2000)
The Rape of Nanjing was one of the worst atrocities committed during World War II. On December 13, 1937, the Japanese army captured the city of Nanjing, then the capital of wartime China. According to the International Military Tribunal, during the ensuing massacre 20,000 Chinese men of military age were killed and approximately 20,000 cases of rape occurred; in all, the total number of people killed in and around the city of Nanjing was about 200,000. This carefully researched, intelligent collection of original essays considers the post-World War II treatment in China of the Nanjing Massacre and Japan. The book examines how the issue has developed as a political and diplomatic controversy in the five decades since World War II.In his introduction, Joshua A. Fogel raises the significant moral and historiographical issues that frame the other essays. Mark Eykholt then provides an account of postwar Chinese responses to the massacre. Takashi Yoshida assesses the attempts to downplay the incident and its effects, providing a revealing analysis of Japanese debates over Japan's role in the world and the continuing ambivalence of many Japanese toward their defeat in World War II. In the concluding essay, Daqing Yang widens the scope of the discussion by comparing the Nanjing historiographic debates to similar debates in Germany over the nature of the Holocaust.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms : - Bassiouni, M. Cherif (United Nations, 2000)
Publisher: UN,
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights Archives and Research on Historical Memory: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay - Bickford, Louis (Latin American Research Review, 2000)
[This research note discusses an emerging subfield of inquiry in the study of democratization in Latin America: a focus on the relationships between past human rights abuses and democratization processes. It outlines four sets of questions emerging around the themes of "historical memory" and "legacies of authoritarian rule." The study then examines documentary collections of major human rights nongovernmental organizations (HRNGOs) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. The purpose of this endeavor is to provide researchers interested in studying the four issues with specific information on documents produced and currently held by the HRNGOs in the Southern Cone. The essay examines seven HRNGOs in Chile, ten in Argentina, and four in Uruguay, and ends with practical hints for researchers who wish to use these resources.]
Other Publications

ISAD(G): General international standard archival description; adopted by the Committee on Descriptive Standards, Stockholm, Sweden, 19-22 Sept. 1999 - International Council of Archives (International Council on Archives, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Arresting Nazi spies in Vichy France (1940–42) - Kitson, Simon (Intelligence and National Security, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Challenge of Human Rights – CHARLES MALIK and the Universal Declaration - Malik, Habib C. (The Centre for Lebanese Studies and I B Tauris & Co Ltd, 2000)
Charles Malik of Lebanon was a key player at the UN in this historical drama that extracted a set of universal human rights out of the chaos of antagonistic ideologies and clashing world-views. This book contains a distillation of his writings, interventions and reflections on the making of the Universal Declaration, the contentious issues grappled with along the way, some of the personalities involved in the process, and the laborious stages of the process itself.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Osočení – Pravdivé příběhy lidí z "Cibulkova seznamu" - Salivarová-Škvorecká, Zdena (Nakladatelství Host, 2000)
Publicistika.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La nación tras el diluvio. Una perspectiva germano-oriental. - Schultz, Helga (Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 2000)
Helga Schultz reconsidera la RDA y su forma nacional desde un punto de vista germano-oriental. Entiende la RDA como un intento de construir una peculiar nación socialista alemana, pero laimposibilidad de alcanzar esta aspiración es examinada junto con la sorprendente división entre ambas partes de la nueva Alemania «unida» y la nueva eínicizaci¿n de los alemanes del Este. El articulo revisa también la «sociedad obrera» socialista, como producto del socialismo real.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; historia; historia contemporánea; historia de España; historia universal; revista

Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict - Bien, William J.; Bouckaert, Peter; Hanson, Alan; Khachikian, Arthur; King, Kevin; Laudy, Mark; Levy, Tali; Messing, Barbara; Stettenheim, Joel; Tang, Rock; Weinthal, Erika (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999)
The international community can creatively and aggressively address deadly conflict through mediation, arbitration, and the development of international institutions to promote reconciliation. The editors of this book designed a systematic framework with which contributors compare third party intervention in twelve conflicts of the postDCold War period. They examine the role of international organizations_the United Nations, international development banks, and international law institutions_and they analyze the tools and forms of leverage in successful and unsuccessful mediations. Based on the case studies, the editors identify the most effective institutions, make recommendations for improving interventions, and elucidate several important insights into the mediation process and the role of the international community in dispute resolution.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Taking Duties Seriously: Individual Duties in International Human Rights Law - International Council on Human Rights (International Council on Human Rights, 1999)
Other in English on World about Protection and Human Rights; published on 1 Dec 1999 by ICHRP
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Staatssicherheit am Ende. Warum es den Mächtigen nicht gelang, 1989 eine Revolution zu verhindern: Warum es den Mächtigen nicht gelang, 1989 eine Revolution zu verhinden - Süß, Walter (Ch. Links Verlag, 1999)
Die »Tschekisten« der DDR hatten geschworen, die SED-Herrschaft unter Einsatz ihres Lebens zu verteidigen. Doch statt ein letzte Schlacht zu schlagen, zogen sie sich im Herbst 1989 eher kopflos zurück und stellten sich wenig später geduldig um ihre Entlastungspapiere an. Was war mit ihnen geschehen? Wie haben die Offiziere die Situation damals wahrgenommen, welche Taktiken entwickelten sie und welche Aufgabe war den offiziellen Mitarbeitern in der Bürgerrechtsbewegung zugedacht? Walter Süß hat fünf Jahre lang die einschlägigen Akten ausgewertet und Zeitzeugen befragt. Minutiös rekonstruiert er den inneren Zerfallsprozeß des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit und die vielfätigen Ursachen dafür. Manche Legende von der Allmacht der SED-Geheimpolizei wird dabei demontiert. Geschildert werden die vergeblichen Versuche, den revolutionären Umbruch aufzuhalten, dann sich ihm anzupassen und schließlich von ihm zu profitieren.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

When Tyrants Tremble: The Pinochet Report - Human Rights Watch (1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Crimes Against Humanity in International Criminal Law - Bassiouni, M. (Springer, 1999)
In this revised edition, Professor Bassiouni persuasively establishes the legal validity of the Nuremberg Charter and describes the evolution of crimes against humanity' from 1945 to the 1998 ICC Statute. The book's comprehensive historical and legal analysis starts with the origins of this crime in the international regulation of armed conflicts and covers the Nuremberg, Tokyo and Allied Prosecutions after World War II, and subsequent national prosecutions, as well as the Statutes of the ICTY, ICTR and their jurisprudence, and the Statute of the ICC. The Nuremberg Charter first established crimes against humanity' in positive international criminal law, but it raised lingering legal issues. The book examines the ten different international legal formulations which were developed at that time, particularly their overlap with genocide and war crimes, and sorts out the confusion regarding the legal characteristics of this crime. The meticulous and thorough analysis of all relevant legal issues, many of which are not covered elsewhere, includes: principles of legality, criminal responsibility for decision-makers and others, command responsibility, obedience to superior orders and other defences, specific contents and their counterpart in national laws, policy considerations, and the applicability of this crime to non-State actors. The wealth of information and detailed discussion of international and national prosecutions and their failures make a compelling case for more effective enforcement in the future. The author brings to this book his well-known scholarship and unique practical experiences as Chairman of the UN Commission that investigated these crimes in the former Yugoslavia, andas Chairman of the ICC's Drafting Committee in Rome. The breadth and depth of this exhaustively documented book makes it the definitive authority on crimes against humanity'.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Westpolitik der SED 1948/49–1961: "Arbeit nach Westdeutschland" durch die Nationale Front, das Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten und das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit - Amos, Heike (De Gruyter Akademie Forschung, 1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

When Sorry Isn't Enough: The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice - Brooks, Roy L. (NYU Press, 1999)
Leading scholars, activists, and political leaders on being victim's of the world's worst atrocities"How much compensation ought to be paid to a woman who was raped 7,500 times? What would the members of the Commission want for their daughters if their daughters had been raped even once?"?Karen Parker, speaking before the U.N. Commission on Human RightsSeemingly every week, a new question arises relative to the current worldwide ferment over human injustices. Why does the U.S. offer $20,000 atonement money to Japanese Americans relocated to concentration camps during World War II, while not even apologizing to African Americans for 250 years of human bondage and another century of institutionalized discrimination? How can the U.S. and Canada best grapple with the genocidal campaigns against Native Americans on which their countries were founded? How should Japan make amends to Korean "comfort women" sexually enslaved during World War II? Why does South Africa deem it necessary to grant amnesty to whites who tortured and murdered blacks under apartheid? Is Germany's highly praised redress program, which has paid billions of dollars to Jews worldwide, a success, and, as such, an example for others?More generally, is compensation for a historical wrong dangerous "blood money" that allows a nation to wash its hands forever of its responsibility to those it has injured? A rich collection of essays from leading scholars, pundits, activists, and political leaders the world over, many written expressly for this volume, When Sorry Isn't Enough also includes the voices of the victims of some of the world's worst atrocities, thereby providing a panoramic perspective on an international controversy often marked more by heat than reason.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Guide to the archives of intergovernmental organizations - Unesco (Unesco, 1999)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism and the End of East Germany - Maier, Professor Charles S. (Princeton University Press, 1999)
Against the backdrop of one of the great transformations of our century, the sudden and unexpected fall of communism as a ruling system, Charles Maier recounts the history and demise of East Germany. Dissolution is his poignant, analytically provocative account of the decline and fall of the late German Democratic Republic. This book explains the powerful causes for the disintegration of German communism as it constructs the complex history of the GDR. Maier looks at the turning points in East Germany's forty-year history and at the mix of coercion and consent by which the regime functioned. He analyzes the GDR as it evolved from the purges of the 1950s to the peace movements and emerging youth culture of the 1980s, and then turns his attention to charges of Stasi collaboration that surfaced after 1989. In the context of describing the larger collapse of communism, Maier analyzes German elements that had counterparts throughout the Soviet bloc, including its systemic and eventually terminal economic crisis, corruption and privilege in the SED, the influence of the Stasi and the plight of intellectuals and writers, and the slow loss of confidence on the part of the ruling elite. He then discusses the mass protests and proliferation of dissident groups in 1989, the collapse of the ruling party, and the troubled aftermath of unification. Dissolution is the first book that spans the communist collapse and the ensuing process of unification, and that draws on newly available archival documents from the last phases of the GDR, including Stasi reports, transcripts of Politburo and Central Committee debates, and papers from the Economic Planning Commission, the Council of Ministers, and the office files of key party officials. This book is further bolstered by Maier's extensive knowledge of European history and the Cold War, his personal observations and conversations with East Germans during the country's dramatic transition, and memoirs and other eyewitness accounts published during the four-decade history of the GDR.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Clinton Offers His Apologies To Guatemala - Broder, John M. (The New York Times, 1999)
Pres Clinton, in Guatemala on third day of his Central America trip, apologizes for US support of right-wing governments in Guatemala that killed tens of thousands of rebels and Mayan Indians in 36-year civil war; promises US support for reconciliation in Guatemala as well as throughout Central America; makes his apology to gathering of leaders from many sectors of Guatemalan society, including Indians, women, Government officials and representatives of truth commission that issued report in Feb on war (M)
Keywords: CIVIL WAR AND GUERRILLA WARFARE; Clinton; Bill; Economic Conditions and Trends; El Salvador; Guatemala; Guatemala-International Relations-US; INDIANS; AMERICAN; Latin America; Mayans; Politics and Government; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Social Conditions and Trends; United States International Relations

Die unterwanderte Republik. Stasi im Westen - Knabe, Hubertus (Propyläen, 1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Death Squad Diary: Looking into the Secret Archives of Guatemala’s Bureaucracy of Murder - Doyle, Kate (Harper’s Magazine, 1999)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archivos y Derechos Humanos - González Quintana, Antonio (Boletín de la ANABAD, 1999)
Autoría: Antonio González Quintana. Localización: Boletín de la ANABAD. Nº 3, 1999. Artículo de Revista en Dialnet.
Other Publications

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and Intent - Morsink, Johannes (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999)
Born of a shared revulsion against the horrors of the Holocaust, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has become the single most important statement of international ethics. It was inspired by and reflects the full scope of President Franklin Roosevelt's famous four freedoms: "the freedom of speech and expression, the freedom of worship, the freedom from want, and the freedom from fear." Written by a UN commission led by Eleanor Roosevelt and adopted in 1948, the Declaration has become the moral backbone of more than two hundred human rights instruments that are now a part of our world. The result of a truly international negotiating process, the document has been a source of hope and inspiration to thousands of groups and millions of oppressed individuals.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Los archivos de la seguridad del Estado de los desaparecidos regímenes - Quintana, Antonio González (foroporlamemoria.info, 1999)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities - Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities (universaldeclarationofhumanresponsibilities.info, 1999)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa report - Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience - Ignatieff, Michael (Holt Paperbacks, 1998)
Since the early 1990s, Michael Ignatieff has traveled the world's war zones, from Bosnia to the West Bank, from Afghanistan to central Africa. The Warrior's Honor is a report and a reflection on what he has seen in the places where ethnic war has become a way of life. Ignatieff charts the rise of the new moral interventionists–the relief workers, reporters, delegates, and diplomats who believe that other people's misery is of concern to us all. And he brings us face-to-face with the new ethnic warriors–the warlords, gunmen, and paramilitaries–who have escalated postmodern war to an unprecedented level of savagery. Hard-hitting and passionate, The Warrior's Honor is a profound and searching exploration of the perils and obligations of moral citizenship in a world scarred by war and genocide.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Mémoires, tome 2: Le Trouble et la Lumière - Vidal-Naquet, Pierre (SEUIL, 1998)
Le premier tome de ces Mémoires esquissait le portrait d’une enfance, d’une jeunesse dominée par la disparition à Auschwitz des parents, Margot et Lucien.Ce second volume raconte la vie d’un homme pleinement engagé dans ses travaux universitaires et dans l’actualité de son temps et de ses conflits.Voici le récit d’une quête acharnée et quotidienne de la clarté, d’une volonté permanente de chercher et de dire la vérité et la justice dans un monde trouble et confus. On verra ainsi défiler quelques épisodes célèbres de notre histoire contemporaine, de l’affaire Audin(1957) à l’affaire Faurisson (1980) dont l’auteur de ce livre ut l’un des protagonistes.Le récit lui-même fait l’objet d’une critique au fil de la plume, occasion pour pierre vidal-Naquet de dénoncer jusqu’à ses propres erreurs ou ses propres impécisions.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Torture in Brazil: A Shocking Report on the Pervasive Use of Torture by Brazilian Military Governments, 1964-1979, Secretly Prepared by the Archiodese of São Paulo - Brazil Archdiocese of São Paulo (University of Texas Press, 1998)
Winner, A Choice Outstanding Academic BookFrom 1964 until 1985, Brazil was ruled by a military regime that sanctioned the systematic use of torture in dealing with its political opponents. The catalog of what went on during that grim period was originally published in Portuguese as Brasil: Nunca Mais (Brazil: Never Again) in 1985.The volume was based on the official documentation kept by the very military that perpetrated the horrific acts. These extensive documents include military court proceedings of actual trials, secretly photocopied by lawyers associated with the Catholic Church and analyzed by a team of researchers. Their daring project—known as BNM for Brasil: Nunca Mais—compiled more than 2,700 pages of testimony by political prisoners documenting close to three hundred forms of torture.The BNM project proves conclusively that torture was an essential part of the military justice system and that judicial authorities were clearly aware of the use of torture to extract confessions. Still, it took more than a decade after the publication of Brasil: Nunca Mais for the armed forces to admit publicly that such torture had ever taken place. Torture in Brazil, the English version of the book re-edited here, serves as a timely reminder of the role of Brazil's military in past repression.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Case of the “White Van” (Paniagua-Morales et al.) v. Guatemala Judgment of March 8 1998 - Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

FURTHER PROMOTION AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS, INCLUDING THE PROGRAMME AND METHODS OF WORK OF THE COMMISSION: HUMAN RIGHTS, MASS EXODUSES AND DISPLACED PERSONS - United Nations Economic and Social Council (United Nations, 1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Guatemala Nunca Mas - Redaccion, El Equipo de (Oficina de Derechos Humanos, 1998)
text in Spanish
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Tuol Sleng Archives and the Cambodian Genocide - Adam, Dawne (Archivaria, 1998)
The purposes of this paper are, first of all, to describe how the Khmer Rouge documented the genocide they committed against their fellow Cambodians, with particular emphasis on the records created, used, and stored at the Tuol Sleng Incarceration Centre; secondly, to describe the bureaucracy the Khmer Rouge created that supported their documentation activities; thirdly, to suggest some reasons why they documented their activities so extensively; and finally, to describe the disposition of their records and the uses to which they are now being put. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of the Tuol Sleng archives to the Cambodian people’s and international community’s pursuit of justice.
Other Publications

Le Procès Papon, un journal d'audience - Conan, Eric (Gallimard, 1998)
Avant même l'ouverture du procès, la cause semble entendue : Maurice Papon, secrétaire général de la préfecture de la Gironde sous l'Occupation, est coupable. Mais, au fil des audiences, il devient bientôt clair que l'instruction, en quatorze ans, a été pour le moins mal faite ; que l'Histoire, celle des historiens cités à comparaître, est plus nuancée dans ses analyses des chaînes de responsabilité administrative ; que les témoignages des grands acteurs témoins de la Résistance divergent sensiblement d'un tableau en noir et blanc ; que la Mémoire des enfants et parents des victimes déportées doit se contenter d'obtenir réparation d'un fonctionnaire de rang moyen, alors que ses supérieurs hiérarchiques, jamais inquiétés, sont morts en toute quiétude au cours de l'instruction ; que nombre de parties civiles ont cru ne faire qu'une bouchée d'un accusé prompt à se défendre, vif à confondre de pseudo-témoins à charge, à nier ses responsabilités historiquement avérées mais judiciairement difficiles à établir cinquante-cinq ans après. Au terme d'un procès-fleuve, une peine de dix ans est prononcée qui ne satisfait ni le Droit, ni l'Histoire, ni la Mémoire. La Cour d'assises innocente Maurice Papon des faits de complicité d'assassinat retenus contre lui par l'instruction et l'arrêté de renvoi ; elle juge l'accusé coupable de complicité d'arrestation et de séquestration, ce qui est peu s'il s'est agi de juger Vichy et son administration ; elle introduit en France la gradation des peines en matière de crime contre l'humanité ; elle esquive, enfin, le grand débat juridique visant à définir ce crime suprême soit comme un crime de droit commun à évaluer selon les intentions présidant à chaque acte, soit comme un " crime de bureau ", s'insérant dans un processus génocidaire plus vaste, où la responsabilité se mesure à l'aune non plus seulement de l'acte de l'individu mais du rôle qu'il assume dans une chaîne criminelle de responsabilité. Le délitement du procès Papon, au fil des audiences, Eric Conan, l'un des rares journalistes à avoir assisté à toutes les audiences, nous le donne à lire dans ce Journal. Il note les propos de chacun, restitue l'atmosphère, tendue, pathétique ou cocasse, livre les moments et les discours clés. Le lecteur de ce document de référence découvre bientôt comment un procès, longtemps jugé improbable, se révéla progressivement un procès impossible.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

From the "Single Confused Page" to the "Decalogue for Six Billion Persons": The Roots of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the French Revolution - Marks, Stephen P. (Human Rights Quarterly, 1998)
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

El Caso de España contra las dictaduras chilena y argentina: Los documentos del juez Garzón y la audiencia nacional - Maruja, Torres (Planeta, 1998)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

DPs: Europe's Displaced Persons, 1945–51 - Wyman, Mark (Cornell University Press, 1998)
"Wyman's book is the only one that comprehensively, and sensitively, depicts the plight of the postwar refugees in Western Europe."-M. Mark Stolarik, University of Ottawa "This is a fascinating and very moving book."-International Migration Review "Wyman has written a highly readable account of the movement of diverse ethnic and cultural groups of Europe's displaced persons, 1945-1951. An analysis of the social, economic, and political circumstances within which relocation, resettlement, and repatriation of millions of people occurred, this study is equally a study in diplomacy, in international relations, and in social history.... A vivid and compassionate recreation of the events and circumstances within which displaced persons found themselves, of the strategies and means by which people survived or did not, and an account of the major powers in response to an unprecedented human crisis mark this as an important book."-Choice "Wyman interviewed some eighty DPs as well as employees of various agencies who served them; he cites a broad range of published primary sources, secondary sources, and some archival material.... This book presents a useful overview and should stimulate further research."-Journal of American Ethnic History "Wyman has written a highly readable account of the movement of diverse ethnic and cultural groups of Europe's displaced persons, 1945-1951. An analysis of the social, economic, and political circumstances within which relocation, resettlement, and repatriation of millions of people occurred, this study is equally a study in diplomacy, in international relations, and in social history.... A vivid and compassionate recreation of the events and circumstances within which displaced persons found themselves, of the strategies and means by which people survived or did not, and an account of the major powers in response to an unprecedented human crisis mark this as an important book."- Choice
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Question of the impunity of perpetrators of human rights violations (civil and political): Revised final report prepared by Mr. Joinet pursuant to Sub-Commission decision 1996/119 - Joinet, Louis (United Nations, 1997)
Publisher: UN,
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

What is Past is Prologue: A History of Archival Ideas Since 1898, and the Future Paradigm Shift - Cook, Terry (Archivaria, 1997)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Claiming Less, Delivering More: A Critique of Positivist Formulations on Archives in South Africa - Harris, Verne (Archivaria, 1997)
Num Pages: 132-141 Place: Ottawa, Canada Publisher: Association of Canadian Archivists Section: Counterpoint
Keywords: 19th century; Apartheid; Archivists; Government archives; History–History of North And South America; Library And Information Sciences; Philosophy; Positivism; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Society

Archives of the security services of former repressive regimes - Quintana, Antonio González (Unesco, 1997)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives of the security services of former repressive regimes - UNESCO Digital Library - Quintana, Antonio González (Unesco, 1997)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Jewish Claims against East Germany: Moral Obligations and Pragmatic Policy - Timm, Angelika (Central European University Press, 1997)
This is the first comprehensive history of Jewish negotiations with East Germany regarding restitution and reparations for Nazi war crimes. Angelika Timm analyzes the politics of old and new anti-Semitism and the context in which they grew under the officially propagated ideology of antifascism. Investigating the mass of unpublished, newly available archival data from the United States, Israel, and the former German Democratic Republic, and more than forty personal interviews, Timm fills a critical gap in the scholarship on postwar Germany. She analyzes the role of the Holocaust and the image of Jews in the historical consciousness and political culture of East Germany and chronicles the efforts of Jewish organizations, especially the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, to negotiate reparations with the East German state. The unique relationship between ideology and Realpolitik defined the manner in which East Germany confronted the crimes of its past and allowed anti-Semitism to reemerge.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Constitution of the Republic of South Africa [No. 108 of 1996] - STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA-CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (STATUTES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA-CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, 1996)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Code of Ethics - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives, 1996)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Rainbow People of God: The Making of a Peaceful Revolution - Tutu, Desmond (Image, 1996)
The Rainbow People Of God traces South Africa's glorious victory over apartheid in the writings and speeches of one its central figures, Archbishop Desmond Tutu. From the graveside of Steven Biko to the triumphant inauguration of Nelson Mandela as President of South Africa, Tutu's words and presence helped shape events and led South Africa toward justice and freedom. This astonishing tapestry of narrative is not only a valuable historical document of those significant events, but it also showcases the unique sense of spirit of one of the foremost spiritual leaders in the world. Tested through the greatest adversity, these writings will endure for generations to come by their truly powerful combination of compassion and strength.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991 - Hobsbawm, Eric (Vintage, 1996)
Dividing the century into the Age of Catastrophe, 1914–1950, the Golden Age, 1950–1973, and the Landslide, 1973–1991, Hobsbawm marshals a vast array of data into a volume of unparalleled inclusiveness, vibrancy, and insight, a work that ranks with his classics The Age of Empire and The Age of Revolution. In the short century between 1914 and 1991, the world has been convulsed by two global wars that swept away millions of lives and entire systems of government. Communism became a messianic faith and then collapsed ignominiously. Peasants became city dwellers, housewives became workers—and, increasingly leaders. Populations became literate even as new technologies threatened to make print obsolete. And the driving forces of history swung from Europe to its former colonies.Includes 32 pages of photos.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Wenn wir unsere Akten lesen: Handbuch zum Umgang mit den Stasi-Unterlagen - Kukutz, Irena; Krone, Tina; Leide, Henry (BasisDruck, 1996)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Is There Room for Archives in the Postmodern World? - Heald, Carolyn (The American Archivist, 1996)
This extended think-piece begins by exploring the late twentieth-century philosophical trend of postmodernism, and what its fragmented, decontextualized world-view means for archives. Such a position, as taken up by some historians, posits the absence of coherence, the death of grand historical narratives, and the supremacy of relativity. Consideration of the postmodern serves as a jumping-off point for an exploration of the nature of records, and the mission of the archival profession to furnish an understanding of the documentary evidence of past societies. The discussion leads full circle to situating archivists within their own (postmodern) society and explores how current trends in appraisal and description reflect present societal concerns. Ultimately, the article concludes that there is room for archives and archivists in the postmodern world, and that archivists, with their unique perspective on reading/deconstructing the documentary traces of society, are ideally suited to make sense of it.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ceausescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989 - Deletant, Dennis (Routledge, 1995)
First Published in 2017. This book contains Deletant's research and view that an inescapable feature of life in Romania under Ceausescu was the ubiquity of the Securitate or the security police, known officially for much of the period as the Department of State Security of the Ministry of the Interior. He seeks to right the omission in Romanian literature, until now, of the mechanism of terror which Stalin used in Romania to enforce his will and about the organisation of the Department of State Security.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes, Volume III: Laws, Rulings, and Reports - Kritz, Neil J. (United States Institute of Peace, 1995)
Includes over 100 laws, regulations and decrees, constitutional provisions, judicial decisions, reports of official, commissions of inquiry, and treaty excerpts from 28 countries and from international organizations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La force du bien - Marek Halter - Halter, Marek (Robert Laffont, 1995)
Il aurait fallu le dire depuis longtemps, le dire haut et fort: en des temps dominés par les lâches et les tueurs, il y eut des individus pour nous permettre de ne pas désespérer de l’humanité, des hommes et des femmes qui n’ont pas hésité à risquer la mort pour sauver des vies. Iréna, polonaise, a sorti du ghetto, à la barbe des Allemands, 2 500 enfants. Berthold, industriel allemand, a entrepris d’embaucher des Juifs dans son usine, les sauvant ainsi des camps de la mort. Des religieuses ont abrité dans les couvents des centaines d’enfants traqués… Voilà sans doute ce que j’aurai découvert à travers mon voyage au pays des Justes: le Bien existe; et cette disposition à la bonté que tout homme peut porter en lui, les pires systèmes totalitaires ne la détruiront jamais. En rendant hommage à ces Justes, en restituant leurs témoignages longtemps passés sous silence, j’ai voulu créer une “mémoire du Bien”. Car le Bien est l’espoir. Et sans espoir on ne peut vivre.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

On the Edge of Greatness, Volume I: The Diaries of John Humphrey, First Director of the United Nations Human Rights Division, Volume I. - Hobbins, A.J. (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995)
The first of three projected volumes of Humphrey's diaries, Volume 1 (1948-49) covers the meetings in Geneva and Paris leading to the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (of which Humphrey had prepared the first draft); the daily activities of the UN Secretariat in Lake Success, N.Y.; and his visit to Strasbourg for the first Council of Europe. Humphrey details his interactions with international officials such as Trygve Lie and Henri Laugier, national representatives, including Eleanor Roosevelt, Pierre Mendès-France, and René Cassin, and a social circle that included Gabrielle Roy, F.R. Scott, and Hugh MacLennan. The Humphrey diaries represent an important primary source for the study of the international law of human rights and the development of the postwar UN human rights program.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Archiving Human Rights: The Records of Amnesty International USA - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 1995)
Other Publications

Mal d'archive : une impression freudienne - Derrida, Jacques (Éditions Galilée, 1995)
La librairie Gallimard vous renseigne sur Mal d'archive : une impression freudienne de l'auteur DERRIDA JACQUES (9782718607719). Vous êtes informés sur sa disponibilité, son prix, ses données techniques. Vous pouvez le commander en ajoutant ce livre à votre panier.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transitional justice: how emerging democracies reckon with former regimes - Kritz, Neil J. (United States Institute of Peace Press, 1995)
Keywords: Crimes against humanity; Criminal justice; Administration of; Political crimes and offenses; Political persecution; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Dealing with a Stasi Past - Gauck, Joachim (Daedalus, 1994)
Other Publications

CCPR General Comment No. 22: Article 18 (Freedom of Thought, Conscience or Religion) - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), 1993)
Adopted at the Forty-eighth Session of the Human Rights Committee
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action - World Conference on Human Rights (United Nations, 1993)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study concerning the right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms - Boven, Theodoor C. van (United Nations, 1993)
Publisher: UN,
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late 20th Century - Huntington, Samuel P. (University of Oklahoma Press, 1993)
Between 1974 and 1990 more than thirty countries in southern Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe shifted from authoritarian to democratic systems of government. This global democratic revolution is probably the most important political trend in the late twentieth century. In The Third Wave, Samuel P. Huntington analyzes the causes and nature of these democratic transitions, evaluates the prospects for stability of the new democracies, and explores the possibility of more countries becoming democratic. The recent transitions, he argues, are the third major wave of democratization in the modem world. Each of the two previous waves was followed by a reverse wave in which some countries shifted back to authoritarian government. Using concrete examples, empirical evidence, and insightful analysis, Huntington provides neither a theory nor a history of the third wave, but an explanation of why and how it occurred.Factors responsible for the democratic trend include the legitimacy dilemmas of authoritarian regimes; economic and social development; the changed role of the Catholic Church; the impact of the United States, the European Community, and the Soviet Union; and the "snowballing" phenomenon: change in one country stimulating change in others. Five key elite groups within and outside the nondemocratic regime played roles in shaping the various ways democratization occurred. Compromise was key to all democratizations, and elections and nonviolent tactics also were central. New democracies must deal with the "torturer problem" and the "praetorian problem" and attempt to develop democratic values and processes. Disillusionment with democracy, Huntington argues, is necessary to consolidating democracy. He concludes the book with an analysis of the political, economic, and cultural factors that will decide whether or not the third wave continues.Several "Guidelines for Democratizers" offer specific, practical suggestions for initiating and carrying out reform. Huntington's emphasis on practical application makes this book a valuable tool for anyone engaged in the democratization process. At this volatile time in history, Huntington's assessment of the processes of democratization is indispensable to understanding the future of democracy in the world.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les crimes et détournements de l'ex-président Habré et de ses complices: Rapport de la Commission d'enquête nationale, Ministère tchadien de la justice - Chad Ministère de la Justice (L'Harmattan, 1993)
Les crimes et détournements de l'ex-président Habré et de ses complices (rapport).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Limits of Limits: Derridean Deconstruction and the Archival Institution - Brothman, Brien (Archivaria, 1993)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights