Returning Evidence to the Scene of the Crime: Why the Anfal Files Should be Repatriated to Iraqi Kurdistan - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2010)
On 22 April 2008, five years after the American invasion of Iraq, the Society of American Archivists (SAA) and the Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA) issued a joint statement calling for American authorities to repatriate millions of captured intelligence documents and intervene with the “government of Kurdistan” to return the Iraqi Anfal files to the Iraq National Library and Archive in Baghdad. The Anfal files, which chronicle Iraq’s genocide against the Kurds during the mid- to late-1980s, were captured by Kurdish peshmerga in the March 1991 uprisings following the first Gulf War. They were transferred to the United States for safe storage and analysis for human rights crimes with the understanding that the documents were Kurdish property. The SAA and ACA based their statement on the archival principle of the inalienability of national records, a concept that claims that the alienation of national records can only occur through a legislative act of the state. This principle of inalienability, however, is incompatible with the laws of war that allow for the capture of state records during hostilities, conflicts with the international legal regime of human rights regarding the restitution of state security files to a repressive regime that may reuse them, and contradicts the original agreement between American and Kurdish authorities governing ownership of the Anfal files. Indeed, with the growing appearance of a new Iraqi repressive regime – with one faction ruling at the expense of the others – there is considerable danger in repatriating the Anfal files and Hussein’s archive of atrocity to the ruling theocrats in Baghdad before political reconciliation takes root. Reasons of historical patrimony and provenance also argue for the return of the Anfal documents to Iraqi Kurdistan. RÉSUMÉ Le 22 avril 2008, cinq ans après l’invasion américaine de l’Iraq, la Society of American Archivists (SAA) et l’Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA) ont émis une déclaration commune demandant aux autorités américaines de rapatrier les millions de documents du renseignement saisis et d’intervenir auprès du « gouvernement du Kurdistan » afin de retourner les dossiers de l’Anfal iraquien à la Iraq National Library and Archive, à Bagdad. Les dossiers de l’Anfal, qui documentent le génocide iraquien des Kurdes durant la deuxième moitié des années 1980, avaient été saisis par les peshmergas kurdes pendant les insurrections de mars 1991 suite à la première guerre du Golfe. Ils ont été transférés aux États-Unis pour entreposage sécuritaire et pour les analyses dans l’optique des crimes contre l’humanité, tout en demeurant propriété kurde. La SAA et l’ACA ont basé leur déclaration sur le principe archivistique de l’inaliénabilité des documents nationaux, concept qui affirme que l’aliénation des documents nationaux ne peut se faire que par un acte législatif de l’état. Ce principe de l’inaliénabilité, cependant, est incompatible avec les lois de la guerre qui permettent la saisie de documents d’état pendant les hostilités; il entre en conflit avec le régime légal international en matière de droits humains au sujet de la restitution des dossiers de sécurité d’état à un régime répressif qui pourrait s’en servir à nouveau; et il contredit l’entente d’origine entre les autorités américaines et kurdes au sujet du droit de propriété des dossiers de l’Anfal. En effet, étant donné l’apparence montée d’un nouveau régime répressif en Iraq – avec une faction qui gouverne au détriment des autres – il y a un danger considérable de rapatrier les dossiers de l’Anfal et les archives des atrocités d’Hussein aux théocrates au pouvoir en Iraq avant qu’aucune réconciliation politique n’ait pu s’enraciner. Les notions de patrimoine historique et de provenance encouragent aussi le retour des documents de l’Anfal au Kurdistan iraquien.
Other Publications

Réunir les bibliothécaires à Dubaï : “Le changement découle du dialogue” - Oury, Antoine (Actualitte, 2023)
La Fédération internationale des associations et institutions de bibliothèques (IFLA) organise chaque année son World Library and Information Congress, événement international tourné vers les professions de l'information et de la documentation. Ce 19 juin, le choix de Dubaï pour l'édition 2024 n'a pas convaincu les foules, au vu de la réputation des Émirats arabes unis en matière de droits humains.
United Arab Emirates
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Revealed: The New Zealand employers caught exploiting workers - Newshub (Newshub, 2018)
MBIE releases list of employers caught out ripping off workers and rorting the law.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Revised edition of 'Tintin in the Congo' aims to address racism, colonialism - RFI (RFI, 2023)
A new version of the comic book "Tintin in the Congo" seeks to address accusations of racism and colonialism with a reworked cover, new preface and modifications to the story. But the response from anti-racism groups has been mixed.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Right to Information - Unesco (Unesco)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Right to information still an ‘empty promise’ for billions - UN News (UN News, 2023)
The UN-appointed expert on freedom of opinion and expression has called for governments to strengthen efforts to close the “digital divide” and remove all barriers to the right to information.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 November; Freedom of the Press

Right to the truth - Report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Rights Concerns Over License Plate Tracking - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
Uganda’s new surveillance system, which allows the government to track the real time location of all vehicles in the country, undermines privacy rights, and creates serious risks to the rights to freedom of association and expression.
Uganda
Keywords: 2023-10 November

Rights expert appeals for action to tackle elder abuse - UN Human Rights Council (UN News, 2023)
A UN-appointed human rights expert on Friday called for urgent action and better data to stamp out the widespread problem of elder abuse.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-09 September

Ríos Montt: La muerte y la impunidad llegan juntas - Coronado, Elsa; Pradilla, Alberto (Plaza Pública, 2018)
“Lo más importante para nosotros es que Ríos Montt se murió en manos de la justicia, o sea, huyendo de la justicia. Y logramos la sentencia y la desclasificación de los documentos militares y ese es un paso muy importante”, afirma Antonio Caba, sobreviviente de la masacre de la aldea Ilom, en Chajul, Quiché. Tenía once años cuando el Ejército arrasó con todo. Años más tarde, encontró en una exhumación los restos de sus familiares. Vio sus huesos, reconoció la ropa, recordó el dolor del pasado y cuando los volvió a enterrar sintió la necesidad de justicia.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ripostes. Archives de lutte et d'action, 1970-1974 - Veyron, Franck; Artières, Philippe (CNRS Editions, 2023)
Des pièces d’archives choisies et commentées composent un récit vivant qui nous fait redécouvrir la France contestataire du début des années 1970, dont les échos résonnent avec force cinquante ans plus tard.
France
Keywords: 2023-10 November

Risk Data Library Standard: making it easier to work with disaster and climate risk data - Data Blog of the World Bank (Risk Data Library, 2023)
GFDRR releases an open data standard to make it easier to publish, access, share, and use quality disaster and climate risk data.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 October

Rite Aid facial recognition misidentified Black, Latino and Asian people as ‘likely’ shoplifters - Bhuiyan, Johana (The Guardian, 2023)
Surveillance systems incorrectly and without customer consent marked shoppers as ‘persons of interest’, a Federal Trade Commission settlement says
United States of America
Keywords: 2023-12 December; Artificial intelligence (AI); Facial recognition; Race; Technology; US news

Rohingya emergency - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR, 2022)
This is the fastest-growing refugee emergency in the world today. UNHCR is working to respond to the massive humanitarian needs.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Romania: Bottom of the Heap - Judt, Tony (The New York Review, 2001)
The February 2000 issue of the Bucharest men's magazine Plai cu Boi features one Princess Brianna Caradja. Variously clad in leather or nothing much at
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Routinised recognition and anxiety: Understanding the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Review of International Studies, 2016)
Why do interstate relations deteriorate and become conflictual, even under conditions where one might expect improved ties? The article seeks an answer to this question through a case study of the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations in the twenty-first century, which took place despite the existence of several factors that might be thought likely to have led to an improvement. Existing theoretical approaches cannot fully explain this puzzle. The article argues that such deteriorations can result from disruptions to states' reciprocally performed routinised recognition, and identifies three mechanisms through which these can occur. To facilitate this argument, the article draws on scholarship on relational identity, recognition, and ontological security to develop a theory of identity construction that takes account of how self and other routinise the ways in which they recognise each other and how they react to the other's representational practices.
Num Pages: 21 Place: London, United Kingdom Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Keywords: 21st century; Anxiety; Case studies; Identity; International relations; Ontology; Political Science–International Relations; Political theory; Power; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Scholarship

Rule-of-law tools for post-conflict states: archives (United Nations, 2015)
OCLC: ocn906197697
Keywords: Archival resources; Archives; Crimes against humanity; Law and legislation; Postwar reconstruction; Public records; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Rule of law; Transitional justice

Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecution Initiatives - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Russia fines Google for not deleting 'fake information' about Ukraine conflict - Reuters (Ynetnews, 2023)
Russia on Thursday fined Alphabet's Google 3 million roubles ($31,845) for not deleting what it said was fake information about what Moscow calls its "special military operation" in Ukraine, the TASS news agency reported. A host of sites are under scrutiny in Russia for failing to remove content that Moscow deems illegal.
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2023-08 August

Russia: Investigate vicious attack on Elena Milashina and Aleksandr Nemov in Chechnya - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
The vicious beating of Elena Milashina and Aleksandr Nemov by masked assailants in Chechnya this morning was an abhorrent act of violence that must not go unpunished
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Chechnya; Tchétchénie

Russia releases history schoolbook praising Ukraine invasion - Sauer, Pjotr (The Guardian, 2023)
Textbook apparently written in just five months is part of Kremlin’s tightening of control over historical narrative in schools
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2023-08 August; Europe; Russia; Ukraine; World news

Russia shuts down human rights group Sakharov Center | Politics News | Al Jazeera - Al Jazeera; News Agency (Al Jazeera, 2023)
Moscow City Court said it was dissolving the organisation for illegally hosting conferences and exhibitions.
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2023-08 August

Russian Destruction Causes Loss of Ukrainian Archives - Kyiv Post (Kyiv Post, 2023)
Ukraine’s state archives were under threat even before the full-scale invasion of 2022, because of a lack of funding and resources. Now Russian occupiers seem intent on destroying what’s left.
Ukraine
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Russian News Outlet Says Data Shows Putin Signed Record Number Of Secret Decrees In 2023 - Current Time (RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty, 2024)
Almost one-half of the presidential decrees signed by Russian leader Vladimir Putin last year were done in secret, a local media outlet said, more than any other year on record.
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2024-01 January

Russian Taxi Law Requiring Companies To Share Data With FSB Goes Into Effect - Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty (Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, 2023)
A law requiring taxi companies to provide the Federal Security Service (FSB) with data on riders' trips has come into force.
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2023-09 September

Russie. Il faut enquêter sur l’agression dont ont été victimes Elena Milachina et Alexandre Nemov en Tchétchénie - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Le passage à tabac d’Elena Milachina et d’Alexandre Nemov par des assaillants masqués en Tchétchénie est un acte de violence qui ne doit pas rester impuni.
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Chechnya; Tchétchénie

Russie : ouverture du procès de l’activiste Oleg Orlov, figure de l’ONG Memorial, accusé d’avoir «discrédité» l’armée - Kourdouli, Salome (Libération, 2023)
Le dissident de 70 ans, militant au sein de l’organisation qui documente les crimes de l’URSS, encourt trois ans de prison pour avoir dénoncé la guerre en Ukraine dans un texte publié en novembre.
Russian Federation
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Rutas del Conflicto - rutasdelconflicto.com (Rutas del Conflicto | El portal periodístico que sigue el rastro del conflicto armado en Colombia)
El portal periodístico que sigue el rastro del conflicto armado en Colombia
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Rwanda’s Repression Across Borders - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
A new Human Rights Watch report outlines how the government of Rwanda keeps tabs on dissidents, both real and perceived, and how threats and acts of intimidation also happen across borders.
Rwanda
Keywords: 2023-10 October

S’inspirer des savoirs autochtones pour préserver la planète - Ziker, John (The Conversation, 2023)
Les savoirs écologiques traditionnels (SET) n’ont plus à prouver leur efficacité concernant par exemple la gestion des ressources naturelles ou la diplomatie climatique.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Climate Change; Environment

Sacramento Bee Leaks 19.5 Million California Voter Records, Promptly Compromised by Hackers - Cameron, Dell (Gizmodo, 2018)
Last month, a local California newspaper left more than 19 million voter records exposed online. Gizmodo confirmed this week that the records were compromised during an apparent ransomware attack.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Saddam Hussein's Records of Atrocity: Seizure, Removal, and Restitution - Montgomery, Bruce (The American Archivist, 2012)
Almost a decade following the 2003 American invasion of Iraq, most Iraqi state documents stemming from Saddam Hussein's regime remain in the possession of the United States. U.S. military forces seized the majority of them in the invasion and occupation for intelligence exploitation, approximately a hundred pages of records and thousands of audio- and videotapes from Hussein's various bureaucracies of repression. Another 5.5 million pages of secret police files chronicling Hussein's Anfal genocidal campaign in Iraqi Kurdistan in the middle to late 1980s also are in American hands. These were seized by Kurdish forces in the uprising in northern Iraq in March 1991 and removed by the Pentagon in 1992 and 1993 to American soil for safe storage and analysis. Moreover, in 2005, an additional seven million pages that once belonged to the Ba'ath Party and security forces were also spirited out of Iraq by military transport with the assistance of the Iraqi Memory Foundation, a private Washington, D.C.-based group that entered Iraq as an American defense contractor to preserve the records of Saddam Hussein's regime. Each of these various caches of state security documents has been removed from Iraq under highly unique circumstances as a result of internal rebellion and more than a decade of hostilities between the United States and Iraq. This article examines the circumstances surrounding these removals, their custody and use, and the status and limits of the international laws of war regarding their capture and return.
Other Publications
Keywords: A&DwP website

Safe Havens for Archives at Risk - Gurciullo, Sebastian (Literary and Artistic Archives: the blog of the Section on Literary and Artistic Archives of the International Council on Archives, 2017)
As described in earlier posts, SLA has continued to support work being conducted on Archival Safe Havens (cases of archives in extreme danger which may, as a last resort, be physically moved to a safe location or be digitally copied and the copies transferred to a trusted repository.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Safe havens for archives at risk: a new international initiative - Sutton, David C. (Comma, 2021)
Over the years, internationally-minded archivists have had to consider the possibility of taking custody of archives from another country because the archives are at risk in their country of origin. The risks may take many forms, but archives in war-zones and other disaster areas, and archives at environmental risk (including risks of climate change) provide striking examples. The removal of archives from one country to another is always likely to be controversial, however, and even well-intentioned attempts at “archival rescue” in the past have been strongly criticized. It has been clear for a long time that international standards are needed. The “Guiding Principles for Safe Havens’” for Archives at Risk are a set of principles providing guidance on archival and ethical factors to be taken into account when planning the transfer of analogue or digital archives (or copies) to another institution for safekeeping. The principles have been drawn up by a group of experts in meetings held in Berne, Amsterdam, Geneva, and virtually, over the past four years, and have been endorsed and approved by various international organizations, including several ICA Sections. Past bilateral agreements between sending institutions and hosting institutions governing “safe haven” solutions have often failed to address fundamental questions, such as data protection, access, succession solutions, obligations to return or the often asymmetrical relationship between the sending institution and the hosting institution. The need for new and definitive principles is outlined in this essay, and the “Guiding Principles” themselves are then described, explained and justified.
Keywords: Comma 2020 1-2; Archives and Human Rights; August 2021; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Safe Havens for Archives at Risk Initiative - swisspeace.ch (swisspeace.ch)
In the framework of the Mandate “Archives and Dealing with the Past” by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA), swisspeace initiated a policy debate on the topic of Safe Havens for Archives at Risk in 2015. This process resulted in the development and the endorsement of Guiding Principles for Safe Havens for Archives at Risk by the International Council on Archives (ICA) in autumn 2018. The work of the international working group “Safe Havens for Archives at Risk” is still ongoing and in September 2019, it was transformed into an Advisory Committee for Safe Havens for Archives at Risk.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

« Sans preuve matérielle, quelle vérité judiciaire ? » - Ponselet, Gaelle (JusticeInfo.net, 2023)
Les avocats des Rwandais Séraphin Twahirwa et Pierre Basabosé, accusés d'avoir participé au génocide de 1994, présentent leurs lignes de défense en Belgique.
Rwanda
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Santé : Il faut des données sur l’identité autochtone, plaident des médecins canadiens - Zone Santé- ICI.Radio-Canada.ca (Radio-Canada, 2023)
Combattre les iniquités et le racisme systémique dans le réseau de la santé au Canada – dont sont particulièrement victimes les personnes autochtones – passe par une meilleure collecte de données sur l’identité ethnique dans l'ensemble du pays, fait valoir un groupe de médecins.
Canada
Keywords: 2023-08 August

Saudi Arabia gives women the right to a copy of their marriage contract - France-Presse, Agence (The Guardian, 2016)
Kingdom’s justice ministry announces move to ‘protect the rights of the woman’, ending practice of only supplying document to husbands
Keywords: Islam; Middle East and north Africa; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; Saudi Arabia; World news

Saudi Arabia: Imminent execution of seven young men would violate kingdom’s promise to abolish death penalty for juveniles - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Despite the Saudi authorities’ commitment to end their use of the death penalty against children under 18 at the time of the crime, seven young men are at risk of imminent execution after an appeals court confirmed their punishment, Amnesty International said today. Their execution would mark a chilling escalation of the already record-breaking use of the death penalty with the number of executions in the country having increased seven-fold in the past three years alone. “Saudi authorities have promised to limit the use of the death penalty and adopted legal reforms that prohibit the execution of people who were children at the time of the crime. If the authorities wish any of those promises to be taken seriously, they should order an immediate halt to the planned execution of the seven, who were all children at the time of their arrest,” said Heba Morayef, Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa Director.
Saudi Arabia
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Saudi Arabia: Man Sentenced to Death for Tweets - Human Right Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
A Saudi court has sentenced a man to death based solely on his Twitter and YouTube activity.
Saudi Arabia
Keywords: 2023-08 August; Human Rights

Saudi Arabia: Mass Killings of Migrants at Yemen Border | Human Rights Watch - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
Systematic Abuses of Ethiopians May Amount to Crimes Against Humanity
Saudi Arabia
Keywords: 2023-08 August; Ethiopia; Yemen

Saudi Arabia warns Snapchat users that ‘insulting’ regime is a criminal offense - Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (The Guardian, 2023)
Users of the social media app have faced legal consequences for posts – some private – that are critical of Saudi authorities.
Saudi Arabia
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Human rights; Middle East and north Africa; Privacy; Saudi Arabia; Snapchat; Social media; US news

Saudi king gives women right to vote - Alsharif, Asma (Reuters, 2011)
Saudi Arabia's king announced on Sunday women would be given the right to vote and stand in elections, a bold shift in the ultra-conservative absolute monarchy as pressure for social and democratic reform sweeps the Middle East.
Keywords: KING; References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights; SAUDI; US; WOMEN

Scandale des «Predator files». La société civile, des personnalités politiques et des responsables ciblés illégalement par un logiciel espion - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Des membres de la société civile, des journalistes, des personnalités politiques et des universitaires dans l’Union européenne (UE), aux États-Unis et en Asie ont été les cibles d’attaques révoltantes menées au moyen d’un logiciel espion.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 October

Schiele artworks believed stolen during Holocaust seized from US museums - Associated Press (The Guardian, 2023)
Three artworks believed stolen during the Holocaust from a Jewish art collector and entertainer have been seized from museums in three different states by New York law enforcement authorities.
United States of America
Keywords: 2023-09 September

Scholars uncover censored Hebrew texts in Vatican collection - The Jerusalem Post - Klein, Zvika (The Jerusalem Post, 2023)
A group of over 20 Christian and Jewish clergy and scholars from around the world had come together for a once-in-a-lifetime experience – a captivating journey through time, delving into the treasures of the Vatican's Hebrew manuscript collection.
Holy See (permanent observer to the UN)
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Scientists lament Southern Ocean ‘data desert’, just as climate crisis brings frightening changes - Readfearn, Graham (The Guardian, 2023)
Loss of sea ice and rising temperatures in the ocean around Antarctica have a huge effect on the Earth’s climate, but the ability to track them is lagging
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-08 August; Antarctica; Climate crisis; Environment; Marine life; Oceans; Polar regions; Sea ice

Scourge of racism haunts Black women and girls seeking healthcare | UN News - UNFPA (UN News, 2023)
Women and girls of African descent face a “systemic and historical pattern” of racial abuse in the health sector in countries across the world, leaving them at increased risk of death during childbirth, the UN’s sexual and reproductive health agency said on Wednesday. |
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Black Women; Women's Rights

Se reanuda juicio por corrupción a Netanyahu en medio de guerra con Hamas - Halasz, Stephanie; Michaelis, Tamar (CNN, 2023)
El juicio por corrupción a Netanyahu se reanudó este lunes luego de una pausa de dos meses tras los ataques de Hamas a Israel el 7 de octubre.
Israel
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Secret Canada - A freedom of information project from The Globe and Mail - Secret Canada (Secret Canada, 2023)
Secret Canada helps Canadians understand and use the access system through a database of completed FOI request summaries, guides on how to navigate the filing process and the latest news.
Canada
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Secret Canada: We broke the printer twice - Carduso, Tom (The Globe and Mail, 2023)
Updates on the latest additions to the Secret Canada database, plus a behind-the-scenes look at the process of filing 400 FOI requests
Canada
Keywords: 2023-08 August; FOI; Freedom of Information; Health & Medical; Social Issues

Secretos, reservados y confidenciales: la producción de información de las fuerzas armadas y de seguridad como fuente para la historiografía - Nazar, Mariana (Estudios Sociales del Estado, 2018)
Number: 7
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Secrets and Files: Access to Archives in Italy from WWII to the Present - Barrera, Giulia (Acervo. Revista do Arquivo Nacional, 2011)
Other Publications

Securing Police Archives. A Guide for Practitioners - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Swisspeace, 2013)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Securing the Communist State: The Reconstruction of Coercive Institutions in the Soviet Zone of Germany and Romania, 1944–1948 - Van De Grift, Liesbeth (Lexington Books, 2011)
From Berlin to Bucharest, from Warsaw to Sofia, Soviet tanks crossed national borders across East Central Europe at the end of the Second World War. The arrival of the Red Army marked an important turn in history. Within only a few years, the often unpopular communist parties developed into political organizations with mass followings. They managed to seize power, eliminate political opposition to their rule, and purge the state apparatus of undesirable personnel. In Securing the Communist State, Liesbeth van de Grift provides a new understanding of these organizations using recently disclosed material from the communist archives in Berlin and Bucharest. She reveals how these communist parties gained control over the security apparatus after 1945 in East Central Europe from a transitional justice perspective, focusing on purges and personnel policies. This book shows that the personal break after 1945 was not as radical as is often thought.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Security forces used rape and other sexual violence to crush “Woman Life Freedom" uprising with impunity - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
A report demonstrates that security forces in Iran used rape and other forms of sexual violence, amounting to torture and other ill-treatment, to intimidate and punish peaceful protesters during the 2022 “Woman Life Freedom” uprising.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Selected Themes in the Literature on Memory and Their Pertinence to Archives - Craig, Barbara L. (The American Archivist, 2002)
Publisher: Society of American Archivists
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Senate Committee provides little pushback on Catholic representatives over residential school documents - Narine, Shari (Windspeaker.com, 2023)
A Canadian Senate Committee on Indigenous Peoples may have been shocked two weeks ago when witnesses told them about the difficulties they were having in accessing Catholic Church records for children who attended Indian residential schools.
Canada
Keywords: 2023-10 November; Canada; Europe; Indigenous Matters; Privacy laws; Residential Schools; Rome; Vatican

Senate Passes $886 Billion Military Bill That Extends Mass Spying Authorization - Johnson, Jake (Truthout, 2023)
In an overwhelming bipartisan vote, the U.S. Senate passed a military policy bill that includes an extension of surveillance authority that the government has used — and heavily abused — to access the communications of activists, journalists, lawmakers, and others without a warrant.
United States of America
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Senegal: behind the protests is a fight for democratic freedoms - Ndiaye, Bamba; Riedl, Rachel Beatty (The Conversation, 2023)
President Macky Sall’s previous ambiguity on a third-term bid, perception of a weaponised justice system and arbitrary detention of opposition are the drivers of political violence in Senegal.
Senegal
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Sénégal : derrière les manifestations se cache un combat pour les libertés démocratiques - Ndiaye, Bamba; Riedl, Rachel Beatty (The Conversation, 2023)
L'ambiguïté de Macky Sall sur sa candidature à un troisième mandat, la perception d'un système judiciaire militarisé et la détention abitraire d'opposants sont les moteurs de la violence politique.
Senegal
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Senegal: Invaluable archives destroyed during unrest at Dakar's main university - AfricaNews (Africanews, 2023)
Students from Dakar's Cheikh Anta Diop University are attempting to rescue some 200,000 university documents that were burnt during the deadly protests following the two-year prison sentence handed down to opponent Ousmane Sonko.
Senegal
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Senegal: Obama Backs Hissène Habré Court - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2013)
President Barack Obama’s endorsement of Senegal’sefforts to bring to book the former Chadiandictator Hissène Habré is a recognition of the case’s importance for African justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Sénégal: partager les archives, construire la mémoire - Gaymard, Véronique
Reportage à Dakar : construire son histoire, c’est avoir accès à ses archives écrites, sonores, audiovisuelles, populaires et se les réapproprier. C’est aussi sauvegarder son patrimoine audiovisuel qui s’abîme, partager ses archives, les rendre accessibles au public. Au Sénégal, un travail mémoriel est engagé avec tous les acteurs pour tenter de mettre en valeur ce patrimoine.
Senegal
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Sentenciados a vivir sin patria: 10 años sin derechos en República Dominicana - El Hilo (2023)
Hace 10 años, la sentencia 168/13 le quitó la nacionalidad a cientos de miles de personas de ascendencia haitiana en República Dominicana. Hoy, la mayoría sigue en un limbo legal, sin posibilidades de regularizar su situación y en un clima de creciente persecución. Para entender este complejo escenario, conversamos con la corresponsal de Telesur Deisy Toussaint. Ella perdió su nacionalidad durante años por políticas anti-haitianas que preceden a la sentencia. Luego, la periodista Hogla Enecia nos explica la situación actual de los dominicanos descendientes de haitianos una década después de perder su nacionalidad.
Dominican Republic
Keywords: 2023-09 September

Settler colonialism is not distinctly Western or European - McNamee, Lacklan (Aeon, 2023)
Displacing and destroying peoples by colonisation is not just a historical Western evil but a global and contemporary one
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 October

Several Investigative Journalists Under Pressure in Ukraine - Denber, Rachel; Gorbunova, Yulia (Human Rights Watch, 2024)
On January 14, unknown assailants attempted to break into the Kyiv apartment of Ukrainian journalist Yurii Nikolov, co-founder and editor of anti-corruption media investigative project Nashi Groshi (Our Money).
Ukraine
Keywords: 2024-01 January

Shaping Archaeological Archives: Dialogues between Fieldwork, Museum Collections, and Private Archives - Raja, Rubina (Brepols, 2023)
Most of the book's case studies explore archaeological sites in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Some contributions showcase the depth of research on archaeological archives as a representation of past excavations and surveys and the colonial context.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 November

Sharpeville: new research on 1960 South African massacre shows the number of dead and injured was massively undercounted - Clark, Nancy L.; Worger, William H. (The Conversation, 2023)
Despite its historic importance, Sharpeville itself has remained unknown and its residents anonymous, yet they have a story to tell.
South Africa
Keywords: 2023-10 November

Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Geyer, Michael (Princeton University Press, 2003)
Broken glass, twisted beams, piles of debris–these are the early memories of the children who grew up amidst the ruins of the Third Reich. More than five decades later, German youth inhabit manicured suburbs and stroll along prosperous pedestrian malls. Shattered Past is a bold reconsideration of the perplexing pattern of Germany's twentieth-century history. Konrad Jarausch and Michael Geyer explore the staggering gap between the country's role in the terrors of war and its subsequent success as a democracy. They argue that the collapse of Communism, national reunification, and the postmodern shift call for a new reading of the country's turbulent development, one that no longer suggests continuity but rupture and conflict. Comprising original essays, the book begins by reexamining the nationalist, socialist, and liberal master narratives that have dominated the presentation of German history but are now losing their hold. Treated next are major issues of recent debate that suggest how new kinds of German history might be written: annihilationist warfare, complicity with dictatorship, the taming of power, the impact of migration, the struggle over national identity, redefinitions of womanhood, and the development of consumption as well as popular culture. The concluding chapters reflect on the country's gradual transition from chaos to civility. This penetrating study will spark a fresh debate about the meaning of the German past during the last century. There is no single master narrative, no Weltgeist, to be discovered. But there is a fascinating story to be told in many different ways.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Shocking images show why many Aussies are no longer celebrating Australia Day - Sutton, Candace (Daily Mail Online, 2024)
January 26 is 'Australia Day'. It marks the 1788 landing of the First Fleet and raising of the Union Flag of Great Britain on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour. It is also a day the day of remembrance of the start of the violent colonization of Australia. The item describes the shocking genocidal process that started on that day.
Australia
Keywords: 2024-01 January

‘Shut it all down’: UK legacy bill threatens Troubles-era atrocity inquests - Greene, Tommy (Al Jazeera, 2023)
Al Jazeera speaks to families who may not get justice after the UK adopts bill shutting down the Troubles inquests.
United Kingdom
Keywords: 2023-09 September; Civil War; Ireland

Sierra Leone has been at peace for 20 years after a brutal civil war - what went right - Mammone, Christina (The Conversation, 2023)
Transitional justice contributed greatly to the peace which Sierra Leone has experienced in the last two decades.
Sierra Leone
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Silence, Accessibility, and Reading Against the Grain: Examining Voices of the Marginalized in the India Office Records - Sowry, Nathan (InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 2012)
This paper deals with issues of power and silencing of the “Other” within colonial archives, particularly regarding British East India Company records of an attempted mutiny of Bengali sepoys and Javanese aristocrats in 1815, now housed in the India Office Records of the British Library. It recommends incorporating a postcolonial approach and reading records against the grain in order to recover these marginalized voices. The body of this paper is broken into three sections. The first section introduces the historical context of the attempted mutiny, questions the incomplete nature of archival and colonial records, and discusses the archivist’s responsibility to present as complete a record as possible. The second section discusses the introduction and importance of postmodern theory to the archival field. Particularly significant are arguments by practicing archivists who advocate reading records against the grain to recover voices of the marginalized, how this can be incorporated into archival practice, and the ensuing difficulties which may emerge. Finally, the third section discusses problems of access to colonial records such as those held in the India Office Records, and how the practices of digitization, international cooperation and preservation, and reading records against the grain are able to produce a plurality of voices.
Other Publications
Keywords: A&DwP website

Silencios, contingencias y desafíos: el Archivo de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad en Chile. - Cruz, María Angélica (Los archivos de la represión: Documentos, memoria y verdad, 2002)
Other Publications

Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? - Rose, Caroline (Routledge, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Sites culturels endommagés en Ukraine, confirmés par l’UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2023)
En date du 15 Novembre 2023, l’UNESCO confirme que 329 sites ont été endommagés depuis le 24 février 2022: 125 édifices religieux, 28 musées, 143 immeubles historiques et/ou artistique, 19 monuments et 13 bibliothèques,1 Archives.
Ukraine
Keywords: 2023-10 November

Sites of Conscience: New Approaches to Conflicted Memory - Ševčenko, Liz (Museum International, 2010)
For better or for worse, heritage is a key terrain on which societal conflicts are expressed. Instead of treating conflict over heritage sites defensively, shielding them from attack, we can take proactive steps to offer heritage sites as resources for addressing contested social questions. This article explores strategies used around the world by ‘Sites of Conscience’– heritage sites that foster dialogue on contemporary issues – to help communities to confront the questions that divide them.
Other Publications

Six propositions pour une véritable transparence administrative au fédéral - Association des archivistes francophones de Belgique (AAFB, 2023)
L'AAFB fait partie des dix organisations qui interpellent ce lundi 12 juin dans un communiqué sur les risques et les déficiences du projet de loi sur la transparence des autorités fédérales. Dans le communiqué conjoint ci-dessous, nous proposons six points pour une véritable transparence administrative au niveau fédéral, à l'avant-veille de la reprise des travaux en commission de l’Intérieur de la Chambre sur le projet de la ministre Verlinden.
Belgium
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Sixty years of sound: The cassette’s past, present and future in Egypt - Simon, Andrew (Al Jazeera, 2023)
On its birthday, Al Jazeera looks beyond the cassette’s invention in Europe and at its life in Egypt. Adawiya, Imam and Kishk used the technology to circumvent censorship and reach a mass audience in the absence of Egyptian radio, which came under state control in 1934 and refused to give them airtime.
Egypt
Keywords: 2023-09 September

Slavery in India’s Brick Kilns & the Payment System - Anti-slavery (Anti-slavery, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Slovak elections: How platforms counter political misinformation under DSA - Zmušková, Barbara; Hartmann, Théophane (Euractiv, 2023)
Slovak voted on 30 September, the first to take place since the EU's DSA enforcement which obliges social media platforms to combat electoral manipulation.
Slovakia
Keywords: 2023-09 September

Sobre o Conceito de História: Edição Crítica - Benjamin, Walter; Müller, Adalberto; Seligmann-Silva, Márcio (Alameda Editorial, 2020)
Oitenta anos depois da composição dessas teses impressiona a absoluta atualidade delas. A necessidade de se repaginar a história do ponto de vista dos vencidos é imperativa. Ela deve estar na base de qualquer projeto digno de um viver em comum que vise nos catapultar para fora desse nosso momento histórico de triunfo do neocolonialismo, do negacionismo da crise ambiental, da homofobia, da misoginia, do racismo, de fobia à política, à democracia e aos direitos humanos.Se revisionistas neofascistas estão galgando o poder hoje é porque também não soubemos nos aparelhar politicamente com uma história estruturada de modo forte o suficiente para resistir aos ataques negacionistas e memoricidas. O revisionismo fascista que quer glorificar ditaduras e torturadores exige uma resposta que se dá, antes de mais nada, no campo da guerra das imagens, para usar uma expressão do cineasta e videoartista Harun Farocki. Benjamin afirmou há oitenta anos que estávamos \perdendo essa batalha. Cabe a nós reverter este estado de coisas. Como lemos nas suas teses de 1940:“Articular o passado historicamente não significa conhecê-lo “como ele foi de fato”. Significa apoderar-se de uma recordação, tal como ela relampeja no instante de um perigo. Para o materialismo histórico, trata-se de capturar uma imagem do passado tal como ela, no instante do perigo, configura-se inesperadamente ao sujeito histórico. O perigo ameaça tanto a sobrevivência da tradição quanto os seus destinatários. Para ambos ele é um e o mesmo: entregar-se como ferramenta da classe dominante.Em cada época, deve-se tentar novamente liberar a tradição do conformismo, que está prestes a subjugá-la. Pois o Messias não vem apenas como Redentor, ele vem como o vencedor do Anticristo. Apenas tem o dom de atiçar no passado aquelas centelhas de esperança o historiógrafo atravessado por esta certeza: nem os mortos estarão em segurança se o inimigo vencer. E esse inimigo não tem cessado de vencer.”Márcio Seligmann-Silva
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Questions - United Nations (Yearbook of the United Nations 1948-49, 1949)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Social media companies must step up crisis response on Israel-Palestine as online hate and censorship proliferate - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Social media companies must urgently address the fanning of online hate and racism against Palestinian and Jewish communities, Amnesty International said as the conflict in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories escalates further
Israel
Keywords: 2023-10 October; Palestine

Société. Au Japon, une loi pour la “compréhension” des LGBTQI hautement controversée - Courrier international (Courrier international, 2023)
Fruit d’un compromis fait pour ménager les conservateurs, la loi ne convainc pas les minorités sexuelles du pays, qui dénoncent l’incompréhension des responsables politiques du pays.
Japan
Keywords: 2023-06 June

solution adopted by the Human Rights Council - 18/7 Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence - Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Some advocates want residential school abuse records re-examined, archived as debate on their future continues - Canadian Press (Radio-Canada.ca, 2023)
Under Supreme Court ruling, transcripts will be destroyed by 2027 unless survivors want them archived
Canada
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Destruction of documents; Reconciliation; Residential Schools

Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics - Lind, Jennifer (Cornell University Press, 2010)
Governments increasingly offer or demand apologies for past human rights abuses, and it is widely believed that such expressions of contrition are necessary to promote reconciliation between former adversaries. The post-World War II experiences of Japan and Germany suggest that international apologies have powerful healing effects when they are offered, and poisonous effects when withheld. West Germany made extensive efforts to atone for wartime crimes-formal apologies, monuments to victims of the Nazis, and candid history textbooks; Bonn successfully reconciled with its wartime enemies. By contrast, Tokyo has made few and unsatisfying apologies and approves school textbooks that whitewash wartime atrocities. Japanese leaders worship at the Yasukuni Shrine, which honors war criminals among Japan's war dead. Relations between Japan and its neighbors remain tense.Examining the cases of South Korean relations with Japan and of French relations with Germany, Jennifer Lind demonstrates that denials of past atrocities fuel distrust and inhibit international reconciliation. In Sorry States, she argues that a country's acknowledgment of past misdeeds is essential for promoting trust and reconciliation after war. However, Lind challenges the conventional wisdom by showing that many countries have been able to reconcile without much in the way of apologies or reparations. Contrition can be highly controversial and is likely to cause a domestic backlash that alarms?rather than assuages?outside observers. Apologies and other such polarizing gestures are thus unlikely to soothe relations after conflict, Lind finds, and remembrance that is less accusatory-conducted bilaterally or in multilateral settings-holds the most promise for international reconciliation.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Soudan. Les pays voisins doivent assurer le passage en toute sécurité des personnes fuyant le conflit - Amnesty International - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Les pays limitrophes du Soudan doivent immédiatement lever les restrictions d’entrée pour ceux qui fuient le conflit dans le pays et garantir l’accès à la protection et à la sécurité aux plus de 500 000 personnes qui ont déjà fui les combats, a déclaré Amnesty International le 6 juillet 2023.
Sudan
Keywords: 2023-07 July

South Africa: Older People Lack Basic Care, Support - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
South Africa is failing to provide hundreds of thousands of older people access to basic care and support services, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. Many face risks to their physical well-being and safety and experience profound distress and fear at the prospect of being forced to live, and die, in an institution.
South Africa
Keywords: 2023-06 June

South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid - overcomingapartheid.msu.edu
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

South Korea: Jail sentence for man who praised North an attack on freedom of expression - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Responding to the sentencing of a South Korean man, Lee Yoon-seop, to 14 months in prison for praising North Korea in a poem, Amnesty International’s East Asia Researcher Boram Jang said: “South Korean authorities must drop all charges against Lee Yoon-seop, who has been sentenced to jail simply for exercising his right to freedom of […]
Korea, Republic of
Keywords: 2023-10 November; Republic of Korea

South Sudan: Education Cluster Information Management Strategy - Education Cluster UNICEF (UNICEF, 2023)
The strategy explicitly delineates processes related to data collection, management, visualization, analysis, and dissemination among the various actors involved as well as the frequency. This strategic approach to IM is geared to provide ongoing IM support to current and future Humanitarian Response Plans.
South Sudan
Keywords: 2023-12 December

South Sudan Ratifies Crucial African Women’s Rights Treaty - Tut Pur, Nyagoah (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
This week, South Sudan finalized ratification of the Maputo Protocol, ending years of delay. While this ratification signals a commitment to gender equality, South Sudanese authorities need to adopt effective policies and strategies to ensure the protocol makes a difference in people’s lives.
South Sudan
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Spain to declassify secret documents in ‘Catalan Gate’ scandal - Heller, Fernando (www.euractiv.com, 2024)
The Spanish government agreed on Tuesday to release secret documents on the tapping of the mobile phone of Catalan President and leader of the separatist party ERC Pere Aragonés by agents of the state-run National Intelligence Centre (CNI) using the Israeli spying software Pegasus, a scandal known as “Catalan Gate”.
Spain
Keywords: 2024-01 January

Spanish probe estimates more than 200,000 children abused by Roman Catholic clergy - France 24 (France 24, 2023)
Over 200,000 minors are estimated to have been sexually abused in Spain by the Roman Catholic clergy since 1940, according to an independent commission.
Spain
Keywords: 2023-10 October

Speakers Spotlight Key Role of Department of Global Communications as Fourth Committee Begins Debate on Information Matters - United Nations (United Nations, 2023)
Delegates of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee of the UN General Assembly welcomed the development of a global code of conduct for information integrity on digital platforms.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 October

Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery - United Nations (OHCHR)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression - United Nations Human Rights (OHCHR)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Special Rapporteur on the right to education - United Nations (OHCHR)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Spycatcher scandal: newly released documents from the Thatcher era reveal the changing nature of government secrecy - Grube, Dennis C. (The Conversation, 2024)
Cabinet Office papers expose Thatcher’s anxiety over the famous book, and the difference between governing in the 1980s and the modern information age.
United Kingdom
Keywords: 2024-01 January; Spying

Sri Lanka: The fate of a protest that toppled a president - Ethirajan, Anbarasan (BBC News, 2023)
One year after Sri Lanka's extraordinary people's protest, what has changed in the country?
Sri Lanka
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Staatssicherheit am Ende. Warum es den Mächtigen nicht gelang, 1989 eine Revolution zu verhindern: Warum es den Mächtigen nicht gelang, 1989 eine Revolution zu verhinden - Süß, Walter (Ch. Links Verlag, 1999)
Die »Tschekisten« der DDR hatten geschworen, die SED-Herrschaft unter Einsatz ihres Lebens zu verteidigen. Doch statt ein letzte Schlacht zu schlagen, zogen sie sich im Herbst 1989 eher kopflos zurück und stellten sich wenig später geduldig um ihre Entlastungspapiere an. Was war mit ihnen geschehen? Wie haben die Offiziere die Situation damals wahrgenommen, welche Taktiken entwickelten sie und welche Aufgabe war den offiziellen Mitarbeitern in der Bürgerrechtsbewegung zugedacht? Walter Süß hat fünf Jahre lang die einschlägigen Akten ausgewertet und Zeitzeugen befragt. Minutiös rekonstruiert er den inneren Zerfallsprozeß des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit und die vielfätigen Ursachen dafür. Manche Legende von der Allmacht der SED-Geheimpolizei wird dabei demontiert. Geschildert werden die vergeblichen Versuche, den revolutionären Umbruch aufzuhalten, dann sich ihm anzupassen und schließlich von ihm zu profitieren.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Stalin erased one generation of Ukraine’s artists. Now Putin is killing another – including my friend - Higgins, Charlotte (The Guardian, 2023)
An archive holding works by writers purged in the 1930s also hosted Victoria Amelina, lost to a Russian strike this summer.
Ukraine
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Books; Culture; Europe; Literary festivals; Ukraine

Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz: Kommentar - Geiger, Hansjörg; Klinghardt, Heinz; Burth, Josephine; Budsinowski, Martin; Pietrkiewicz, Jörg; Rapp-Lücke, Juliane (Kohlhammer, 2006)
Das Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz, welches in den zurückliegenden Jahren verschiedentlich geändert wurde, steht weiterhin in öffentlichem Interesse und Diskussion. Die Neubearbeitung des Kommentars bringt das Praxiswissen zum StUG unter Beachtung der Rechtsprechung auf den aktuellen Stand. Neben der praxisnahen und allgemein verständlichen Kommentierung der Einzelvorschriften des Gesetzes enthält die Neuauflage einen einleitenden Überblick über Aufbau, Aufgaben und Methoden des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State-backed disinformation fuelling anger in China over Fukushima water - Davidson, Helen (The Guardian, 2023)
Reports of abusive behaviour towards Japanese citizens in China in response to wastewater release at nuclear site.
China
Keywords: 2023-09 September; Asia Pacific; China; Energy; Environment; Fukushima; Japan; Japan disaster; Nuclear power; Nuclear waste; World news

State Coordinated Violence in Chad under Hissène Habré - Silva, Romesh; Klingner, Jeff; Weikart, Scott (Human Rights Data Analysis Group, 2010)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State of the Archives: An Analysis of South Africa’s National Archival System, 2014 - The Archival Platform (The Archival Platform, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State Security: A Reader on the GDR Secret Police - Münkel, Daniela (Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic, 2016)
Google-Books-ID: 39VjAQAACAAJ
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Statement by European RTI Community on the world’s First Official Access to Information Day! - Access Info Europe (Access Info Europe, 2016)
Madrid, 28 September 2016 - On the first officially-recognised International Right to Know Day , European civil society groups working on the right of access to information today raised concerns that a lack of government transparency is damaging democratic processes, thereby facilitating rising mistrust and demagogic populism in Europe. Recent monitoring by civil society
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Statement by ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC on conference addressing cyber-enabled crimes through the Rome Statute system - Khan KC, Karim A.A (International Criminal Court, 2024)
The Office of the Prosecutor hosts an innovative conference addressing cyber-enabled crimes through the Rome Statute system. Gathering more than 100 participants including from 12 cybersecurity and technology companies at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague
Worldwide
Keywords: 2024-01 January

Statement of the International Council on Archives on the Destruction of the Central Archives of the Municipality of Gaza - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives, 2023)
The International Council on Archives (ICA) has learnt of the reported bombing of the Central Archives building in Gaza and the main public library, resulting in the destruction of historical documents dating back 100 years.
Palestine (permanent observer to the UN)
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Statement of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, Karim A.A. Khan KC, on the Situation in the State of Palestine: receipt of a referral from five States Parties - International Criminal Court (ICC) (International Criminal Court, 2023)
The Office of the International Criminal Court Prosecutor received a referral of the Situation in the State of Palestine, from the following five States Parties: South Africa, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Comoros, and Djibouti.
Israel
Keywords: 2023-10 November; Palestinian Statehood

Stealing Ukraine's Children: Inside Russia’s Camps - VICE News (2023)
Moscow has been accused of abducting and forcibly deporting more than 19,000 Ukrainian children. In what could amount to the most horrific war crimes committed to date, the Russian state is allegedly attempting to turn a generation of Ukrainian children into Russians.
Ukraine
Keywords: 2023-08 August

‘Steve Bannon is watching us closely’: Naomi Klein on populists, conspiracists and real-world activism - Goodfellow, Maya (The Guardian, 2023)
Author speaks candidly about a ‘mirror world’ that feeds our anxieties, distorts reality and fuels the polarisation of society
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 October; Books; Climate crisis; Culture; Environment; Naomi Klein; Naomi Wolf; Steve Bannon; The far right; US news; World news

Stewarding Collections of Trauma: Plurality, Responsibility, and Questions of Action - Nathan, Lisa P.; Shaffer, Elizabeth; Castor, Maggie (Archivaria, 2015)
There are dedicated efforts around the world to steward material related to human atrocities, with aspirations to acknowledge, learn from, and perhaps lessen the probability of further harm. Yet for the archivists charged with stewarding these collections, there remain ethically fraught questions of how to do this work. Through this article, we identify systemic, structural challenges that confront efforts to ethically steward collections of trauma. Our scholarly reflections are grounded in the context of an institution being created to hold materials related to Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). We reflect on ongoing discussions with those involved in the inception and development of the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR) and our review of court documents and media accounts related to the TRC and development of the NCTR. We call attention to the assemblage of socio-technical, political, and legal forces that influence the actions of those managing collections of trauma. We highlight how those involved in the NCTR’s development are participants in and descendants of Canada’s legacy of colonizing initiatives (as are we, researchers studying the NCTR’s development). To support those facing questions of action in this complicated space, we draw on the work of Iris Marion Young to inform archivists’ practice related to the issues of conflict, plurality, agency, and distrust that underlie the design and management of collections of trauma.RÉSUMÉDes efforts consciencieux sont faits à travers le monde pour préserver la documentation liée aux atrocités humaines, dans le but de les reconnaître, d’en apprendre, et peut-être aussi de diminuer la probabilité de futurs torts. Pourtant, pour les archivistes chargés de sauvegarder ces collections, il demeure des questions épineuses sur le plan éthique par rapport aux façons d’accomplir ce travail. Dans cet article nous identifions des défis systémiques et structurels qui entravent les efforts de préserver éthiquement ces collections de trauma. Nos réflexions critiques sont ancrées dans le contexte d’une institution qui se constitue pour conserver le matériel lié à la Commission de vérité et réconciliation (CVR) du Canada. Nous examinons les discussions qui se poursuivent avec les personnes impliquées dans la création et le développement du Centre national pour la vérité et la réconciliation (CNVR), ainsi que notre étude des documents présentés en cour et des reportages des médias portant sur la CVR et le développement du CNVR. Nous signalons l’assemblage de forces socio-techniques, politiques et légales qui ont eu une influence sur les agissements des personnes qui gèrent des collections de trauma. Nous accentuons comment les personnes impliquées dans le développement du CNVR sont des participants dans les initiatives de colonisation du Canada, tout en étant les descendants de cet héritage colonisateur (comme nous le sommes aussi en tant que chercheurs étudiant le développement du CNVR). Afin d’appuyer celles et ceux qui sont confrontés aux questions d’action dans cet espace compliqué, nous nous inspirons du travail d’Iris Marion Young pour éclairer les pratiques des archivistes face aux questions de conflit, de pluralité, de l’exercice du pouvoir personnel et de méfiance qui sont sous-jacentes à la conceptualisation et à la gestion des collections de trauma.
Other Publications
Keywords: A&DwP website

Stolen Nisga'a memorial pole about to start journey home from Scottish museum | CBC News - Owen, Brenna (CBC, 2023)
A memorial totem pole belonging to members of the Nisga'a Nation in northwestern British Columbia is about to begin its journey home from the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh, where it has been on display for nearly a century.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-08 August; Canada; Nisga'a Nation; Scotland; United Kingdom

Stop harassing and arbitrarily arresting Afghans seeking refuge - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
The situation of Afghan refugees in Pakistan is not receiving due international attention.
Pakistan
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Stored in the Bones - Pawlowska-Mainville, Agniszka (University of Manitoba Press, 2023)
Stored in the Bones, details intangible cultural heritage (ICH) community-based practices, knowledges, and customs with Anishinaabeg and Inninuwag harvesters, showcasing their cultural heritage and providing a new discourse for the promotion and transmission of Indigenous knowledge.
Canada
Keywords: 2023-10 November

Stories and names: Archival description as narrating records and constructing meanings - Duff, Wendy M.; Harris, Verne (Archival Science, 2002)
The authors of this essay, coming from very different traditions and modes of archival discourse, explore together archival description as a field of archival thinking and practice. Their shared conviction is that records are always in the process of being made, and that the stories of their making are parts of bigger stories understandable only in the ever-changing broader contexts of society. The exploration begins with an interrogation of the traditional and ever-valid questions of the what and the why of archival description. Thereafter they offer a deconstruction of these questions and of the answers commonly proffered. In these sections of the essay their concern is with descriptive architecture, the analysis covering a number of specific architectures and including only oblique references to descriptive standardization. The concluding section attempts to draw out the implications of their analysis for endeavours - irrespective of the architectures being used - to define, and to justify, descriptive standards. Their call is not to dispense with standardization, but rather to create space for a liberatory approach which engages creatively the many dangers of standardization.
Other Publications

Stories for Hope–Rwanda: a psychological–archival collaboration to promote healing and cultural continuity through intergenerational dialogue - Wallace, David A.; Pasick, Patricia; Berman, Zoe; Weber, Ella (Archival Science, 2014)
Can archives help heal and extend the benefit of therapeutic interventions in a post-genocide environment? We sought to probe this question through an uncommon collaborative documentation and research project linking psychology and archival science: Stories for Hope–Rwanda (SFH). This intergenerational dialogue project between youth and elder pairs in post-genocide Rwanda draws upon a collective narrative model from psychology and both community and participatory models from archives. The paper reports on three aspects of this endeavor: (1) description of SFH as a process of dialogue generation and archiving; (2) content analysis of the knowledge post-genocide youth sought from their elders; and (3) a qualitative evaluation of what benefits youth and elder pairs reported 6–12 months after their dialogue session, including how participants made use of a personal copy of their dialogue and their decision making and perceptions on making their dialogues more widely available. Specifically, we wanted to know whether psychological benefits would accrue if the silences about genocide could be breached by intergenerational dialogues and whether audio recordings of the dialogues archived for personal, national, and international use could motivate youths and elders over the hurdle of silence and extend the benefits of the dialogues to others. In contrast to interview-driven genocide testimonies, each youth asked an elder to answer some burning questions about the past. In response, elders were directed to share personal, true, and positively helpful stories from their past experiences. Through these efforts, SFH consciously sought to democratize the creation, control, custody, and access to the archive resulting from the recorded dialogues. Based on our analysis, we found that youth were eager to learn most about the genocide (causes, prevention, and stories of loss and survival), followed by family history, marriage, Rwandan culture, living as an orphan, and strategies for forgiveness and reconciliation. We also found that the archival component of the project significantly contributed to both the motivation for participation and the extent of participants’ healing. We conclude that this approach can be productively expanded to other post-conflict and post-genocide communities where silence about a traumatic past reigns triumphant and undermines the ability of youth to map a positive future.
Other Publications
Keywords: A&DwP website; Community archiving; Genocide; Participatory archiving; Psychology; Rwanda; Trauma

Strafverfahren wegen MfS-Unrechts : die Strafprozesse bundesdeutscher Gerichte gegen ehemalige Mitarbeiter des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR - Schißau, Roland (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study concerning the right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms : - Boven, Theodoor C. van (United Nations, 1990)
Study concerning the right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms : preliminary report / submitted by Theo van Boven, Special Rapporteur.
Publisher: UN,
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study concerning the right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms - Boven, Theodoor C. van (United Nations, 1993)
Publisher: UN,
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Study on the Right to the Truth, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Commission on Human Rights (2006)
Sixty-second session Item 17 of the provisional agenda
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Sudan: Darfur Town Destroyed - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied Arab militias summarily executed at least 28 ethnic Massalit and killed and injured dozens of civilians on May 28, 2023, in Sudan’s West Darfur state.
Sudan
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Sudán: Los países vecinos deben proporcionar un paso seguro a quienes huyen del conflicto - Amnistía Internacional (Amnistía Internacional, 2023)
Los países que hacen frontera con Sudán deben levantar de inmediato las restricciones de entrada para las personas que huyen del conflicto en ese país y garantizar el acceso a protección y seguridad a aproximadamente medio millón de personas que ya han huido del conflicto. Así lo ha manifestado hoy Amnistía Internacional.
Sudan
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Sudan: Neighbouring countries must provide safe passage to those fleeing conflict - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Between 9 May and 16 June, Amnesty International interviewed 29 civilians faced with the difficult choice of whether to return to the conflict they fled, or remain stranded at the border, where they may wait for an indefinite period without basic supplies to maintain their health, privacy, and dignity.
Sudan
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Sudan: Sexual violence against women spikes - Hairsine, Kate (dw.com, 2023)
Dozens of women and girls have been raped and sexually assaulted by fighters in Sudan as the conflict approaches its third month.
Sudan
Keywords: 2023-07 July; War Crimes

Suisse/Gambie : Les crimes de l’ère Jammeh devant la justice - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2024)
Le procès qui s’ouvrira en Suisse le 8 janvier 2024, pour des crimes graves commis en Gambie, représente une avancée significative pour délivrer la justice aux victimes de graves abus.
Gambia
Keywords: 2023-12 December; 2024-01 January; Switzerland

Suisse : l’art de décoloniser un pays sans colonies - Pinoja, Letizia Gaja (JusticeInfo.net, 2023)
Pourquoi la Suisse, un pays qui n’a jamais eu de colonies, commence à parler de colonialisme et de décolonisation ? Les Suisses sont-ils prêts à l'entendre ?
Switzerland
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Supported by France, Convicted by Africa France-Chad Relations during the Hissène Habré’s Rule (1982-1990) - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Supreme Court rejects Navajo Nation’s water rights trust claim - KickingWoman, Kolby (ICT News (Indian Country Today), 2023)
Arizona v. Navajo Nation is the final federal Indian law case to be ruled on by the high court this term
United States of America
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Supremo de Brasil aplaza juicio sobre demarcación de tierras indígenas - teleSUR (teleSUR, 2023)
La medida se tomó luego de que el magistrado André Mendonça pidiera más tiempo para analizar el caso. El proceso se pospuso por 90 días. El STF juzga el caso del territorio Ibirama-Laklanõ, de los pueblos Xokleng, Kaingang y Guaraní, en el estado de Santa Catarina, en el sur del país.
Brazil
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Surveillance technology is advancing at pace – with what consequences? - Boffey, Daniel (The Guardian, 2023)
Plans for facial recognition searches across UK driving licence records could threaten idea of policing by consent.
United Kingdom
Keywords: 2023-12 December; Police; Surveillance; UK news

Survivors Speak Out on Sexual Violence in West Darfur - Bader, Laetitia (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
Nusra and Khadija share the bond of being cousins and of living in the same small town in West Darfur. Now they share a darker bond: both survivors of sexual violence in the conflict in Sudan.
Sudan
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Human Rights; Women's Rights

Suspended sentences in Japan army sexual assault case - Agence France-Presse; Charles, Frédéric (RFI, 2023)
Three Japanese ex-soldiers were found guilty Tuesday but given only suspended jail sentences for sexually assaulting a female colleague who won praise but also online hate for going public with her accusations.
Japan
Keywords: 2023-12 December

Swiss Peace - swisspeace.ch (swisspeace)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

Switzerland/Gambia: Jammeh-Era Crimes on Trial - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2024)
The opening of a Swiss trial for serious crimes committed in The Gambia on January 8, 2024 represents a significant advance for justice for the victims of grave abuses.
Gambia
Keywords: 2024-01 January; Switzerland

Switzerland: the art of decolonizing a country without colonies - Pinoja, Letizia Gaja (JusticeInfo.net, 2023)
Why is Switzerland, a country that has never had colonies, starting to talk about colonialism and decolonization? Are the Swiss ready to hear it?
Switzerland
Keywords: 2023-07 July

Synchronising colonial heritage: a linked data approach - Gruijs, Marit (The Art of Information, 2023)
Since the seventeenth century, the Netherlands had trading posts and colonies in Asia, Africa and North and South America. Many cultural objects from these regions have been brought to the country. It is often unclear which objects should be considered ‘colonial heritage’ and, if so, whether they were acquired lawfully or against the will of their original owners. A new digital platform supports users in gaining insight into this: the Colonial Collections datahub.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2024-01 January; Digital Repatriation

Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives - Ketelaar, Eric (Archival Science, 2001)
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian. Sociologists and anthropologists see "the archive" also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents, archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the meanings of archives.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

‘Take flowers to our mass grave’: letters from Spain’s Franco victims collected in new book - Jones, Sam (The Guardian, 2023)
Thousands of people were imprisoned and shot by the Franco dictatorship between 1939 and 1944. Their letters home form a moving memorial to their bravery
Spain
Keywords: 2023-10 October; Books; Europe; Francisco Franco; History books; Spain; World news

Taking Duties Seriously: Individual Duties in International Human Rights Law - International Council on Human Rights (International Council on Human Rights, 1999)
Other in English on World about Protection and Human Rights; published on 1 Dec 1999 by ICHRP
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

"Taking sides": National Archives and the defence of Human rights in a multicultural society. - Nishiguchi, Gabrielle (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
Other Publications

TALKING ABOUT ROSE, PRISONER OF HISSÈNE HABRÉ. English subtitles - Miss Wasabi Films (2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tanks on the Playground - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
“Tanks on the Playground,” documents the damage and destruction of schools and kindergartens in four Ukrainian regions during the first months of the fighting, causing significant damages. Russian forces also frequently looted and pillaged schools they occupied, a war crime.
Ukraine
Keywords: 2023-10 November; Russia

Taonga archive of Māori history in photos acquired by national library - 1News Reporters (1 News, 2024)
The purchase of thousands of photos has come as a result of a new deal between the archive's foreign owner and the National Library of New Zealand. The historic archive includes important images of key figures in Māoridom and a significant section of images documenting political activation.
New Zealand
Keywords: 2024-01 January; Duncan Miller Gallery; Maori; New Zealand; United States of America

Teaching an Old Genre New Tricks: The Diary on the Internet - Mcneill, Laurie (Biography, 2003)
This article examines the diary's transformation from print culture practice to online phenomenon, considering the implications of this change for the diary as a literary genre and as life writing. This discussion explores the challenges the online diary represents to traditional concepts of the genre as private and monologic, investigating the ways in which online diarists attract readers, build communities, and create identities in cyberspace.
Publisher: University of Hawai'i Press
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Temporal othering, de-securitisation and apologies: understanding Japanese security policy change - Gustafsson, Karl (Journal of International Relations and Development, 2020)
For several decades, Japan kept in place significant self-imposed constraints on its security policy even as its economy grew tremendously. While it has been argued that Japan refrained from enacting security policy change because of strong domestic pacifist or anti-militarist sentiments, recently, radical policy changes have nonetheless taken place. How can these changes be understood? The existing explanations typically see them as a response to objectively existing or constructed external threats. Such threat constructions might have contributed to the policy changes, but do not fully account for how the conditions that previously limited similar changes have altered. This article combines temporal othering and de-securitisation theory to account more fully for the policy changes. It shows that during the post-war period, Japan’s temporal other, that is its wartime self, was securitised within Japan, limiting changes in security policy. More recently, however, a de-securitisation of the Japanese temporal other has taken place, which has enabled more far-reaching policy change. Apologies have played a key role in this de-securitisation process by repeating and strengthening an identity narrative about how fundamentally different Japan has become from its past wartime self.
Num Pages: 511-534 Place: London, United Kingdom Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Keywords: Apology; De-securitisation; Japan; Re-articulation; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Security; Temporal othering

Terms of Reference: Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on the Examination of the Most Appropriate Legal Framework for the Memory of the World (MoW) Programme - Unesco; Memory of the World (Unesco, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Texas was state with most book bans in 2022, report shows - Salam, Erum (The Guardian, 2023)
Number of book challenges nationwide doubled from 2021 as book ban movement gathers speed in Republican-led states.
United States of America
Keywords: 2023-09 September; Books; LGBTQ+ rights; Race; Republicans; Texas; US education; US news

Thailand: Trafficking Convictions Important Step Forward - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2017)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The 10 second rule: Why are Italians groping themselves in protest? - Mouriquand, David (euronews, 2023)
Italian social media users are expressing outrage after judges said groping had to last 10 seconds to be considered sexual assault.
Italy
Keywords: 2023-07 July

The 272 - Swarns, Rachel L. (PenguinRandomHouse, 2023)
In 1838, a group of America’s most prominent Catholic priests sold 272 enslaved people to save their largest mission project, what is now Georgetown University. Through the saga of the Mahoney family, professor Rachel L. Swarns illustrates how the Church relied on slave labor and slave sales to sustain its operations and to help finance its expansion.
United States of America
Keywords: 2023-08 August

The Admissibility of Business Records as Legal Evidence: A Review of the Business Records Exception to the Hearsay Rule in Canada - Force, Donald C. (Archivaria, 2014)
Records professionals play an important role in increasing the likelihood that business records will be admitted as evidence. This article discusses the business records exception to the hearsay rule and the ways in which business records may be tendered as evidence in Canada. By reviewing Canadian case law, the author examines several criteria that could contribute to a judge’s decision to admit a business record as evidence and identifies ways that records professionals can help their organization satisfy each of the criteria. It is argued that the act of sound and structured recordkeeping helps an organization increase the likelihood that its business records will be admitted as evidence. RÉSUMÉ Les spécialistes en gestion de l’information jouent un rôle important afin d’augmenter la probabilité que les documents d’archives des entreprises soient admis comme preuves. Cet article discute du cas des documents d’archives des entreprises comme exception à la règle et il examine les façons dont ils peuvent être mis en adjudication au Canada. En faisant l’étude de la jurisprudence canadienne, l’auteur examine plusieurs critères qui pourraient contribuer à la décision d’un juge d’admettre comme preuve un document d’archives d’entreprise et il identifie les façons dont les spécialistes en gestion de l’information peuvent venir en aide à leur organisation en satisfaisant à chacun de ces critères. L’auteur affirme qu’une gestion des documents solide et structurée permet à une institution d’augmenter la probabilité que ses documents d’archives d’entreprise soient admis comme preuve.
Other Publications
Keywords: A&DwP website

The advance of universal justice - Ollé Sesé, Manuel (International Federation for Human Rights, 2009)
The road map for limiting the practice of universal justice in Spain is a sad reality. The Spanish Congress has just approved a proposal to reduce universal justice to cases where the people presumed responsible are on Spanish soil or there are Spanish victims, and either way, only when an international court or the country where the crime was committed are not
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991 - Hobsbawm, Eric (Vintage, 1996)
Dividing the century into the Age of Catastrophe, 1914–1950, the Golden Age, 1950–1973, and the Landslide, 1973–1991, Hobsbawm marshals a vast array of data into a volume of unparalleled inclusiveness, vibrancy, and insight, a work that ranks with his classics The Age of Empire and The Age of Revolution. In the short century between 1914 and 1991, the world has been convulsed by two global wars that swept away millions of lives and entire systems of government. Communism became a messianic faith and then collapsed ignominiously. Peasants became city dwellers, housewives became workers—and, increasingly leaders. Populations became literate even as new technologies threatened to make print obsolete. And the driving forces of history swung from Europe to its former colonies.Includes 32 pages of photos.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The American Barbarossa Plan for Ukraine.1957 - Lurye, Oleg (The Times of Israel, 2023)
Exactly 66 years ago, in August 1957, the CIA released its secret report “Resistance Factors and Special Forces Areas. Ukraine.” This voluminous 200-page “work,” which resembled a doctoral dissertation, was prepared for the US intelligence community by staff members of Georgetown University. Despite its academic content, the CIA report is a detailed manual for the occupation of the Ukrainian territory by the Special Forces.
Ukraine
Keywords: 2023-07 July; Barbarossa Plan; CIA; Cold War; Georgetown University; United States of America

The Archive in the Witness: Documentation in Settings of Chronic Insecurity - Riaño-Alcalá, Pilar; Baines, Erin (International Journal of Transitional Justice, 2011)
Abstract1. Through an exchange between members of community-based organizations that document human rights violations in northwest Colombia and northern Uganda
Other Publications

The Archives and Records are Accessible - International Council on Archives (International Council on Archives)
Please click the link to complete this form.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Archives of Universal History - Rothschild, Emma (Journal of World History, 2008)
This article looks at early proposals for an international archive, at the different respects in which archives are international or transnational, and at the development since 1946 of the archives of international organizations. It suggests that the history of the UN's involvement with archives is itself a development of historical and even political interest.
Publisher: University of Hawai'i Press
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Art Of Political Murder: Who Killed the Bishop? - Goldman, Francisco (Grove Press, 2008)
Bishop Juan Gerardi, Guatemala’s leading human rights activist, was bludgeoned to death in his garage on a Sunday night in 1998, two days after the presentation of a groundbreaking church-sponsored report implicating the military in the murders and disappearances of some two hundred thousand civilians. Realizing that it could not rely on police investigators or the legal system to solve the murder, the church formed its own investigative team, a group of secular young men in their twenties who called themselves Los Intocables (the Untouchables). Known in Guatemala as “The Crime of the Century,” the Bishop Gerardi murder case, with its unexpectedly outlandish scenarios and sensational developments, confounded observers and generated extraordinary controversy. In his first nonfiction book, acclaimed novelist Francisco Goldman has spoken to witnesses no other reporter has reached, and observed firsthand some of the most crucial developments in the case. Now he has produced The Art of Political Murder, a tense and astonishing true detective story that opens a window on the new Latin American reality of mara youth gangs and organized crime, and tells the story of a remarkable group of engaging, courageous young people, and of their remarkable fight for justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

'The artwork is not guilty': Swiss museum unveils Nazi era collection - Farrant, Theo (euronews, 2023)
A prestigious Swiss institution is attempting to navigate the troubled waters of displaying an art collection with questionable origins dating back to World War II and Nazi looted art.
Switzerland
Keywords: 2023-10 November; Academia and Education

The Atrocity Files. Deciphering the Archives of Guatemala's Dirty War.The Atrocity Files. - Doyle, Kate; Doyle, Kate (Harper's Magazine, 2007)
Other Publications

The authorities of Senegal must immediately halt the police violence and restore social media - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Reacting to the violence that broke out yesterday in Dakar and other towns following the verdict in the trial of opposition leader Ousmane Sonko, Samira Daoud, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for West and Central Africa
Senegal
Keywords: 2023-06 June

The Cambridge Handbook of Intellectual Property and Social Justice - Jamar, Steven D.; Mtima, Lateef (Cambridge University Press, 2024)
Protection for intellectual property has never been absolute; it has always been limited in the public interest. The benefits of intellectual property protection are meant to flow to everyone, not just a limited population of creators and the corporations that represent them. Given this social-utility function, intellectual property regimes must address issues of access, inclusion, and empowerment for marginalized and excluded groups. This handbook defines an approach to considering social justice in intellectual property law and regulation.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2024-01 January

The Canadian museum filled with stolen art - Selkirk, Diane (BBC News, 2023)
The Ni'isjoohl memorial pole has been returned to Canada after being stolen by the British in 1928. Here, it will live out its days alongside hundreds of other appropriated items.
Canada
Keywords: 2023-10 October

'The category of domestic animals': Aboriginal people named Hitler, Stalin and Bing Crosby - Parke, Erin (ABC News, 2023)
Across northern Australia, some Aboriginal people have grown up bearing the names of Hollywood stars and fascist dictators. It's a link back to a dark chapter in history.
Australia
Keywords: 2023-12 December; Australian history; bing crosby; cattle stations; hitler; names; slavery; stalin

The Catholic Church defended human rights during Chile’s dictatorship. An archive tells the story - The Associated Press; Hernández, Maria Teresa (Toronto Star, 2023)
Dozens of shelves preserve an archive that gives account of a painful episode in Chile’s history: 47,000 instances of human rights violations during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.
Chile
Keywords: 2023-09 September

The Censors Down Under: The ACMA Gambit on Misinformation and Disinformation - Kampmark, Binoy (International Policy Digest, 2023)
Can or should countries legislate disinformation? Australia just might try.
Australia
Keywords: 2023-08 August

The Challenge of Human Rights – CHARLES MALIK and the Universal Declaration - Malik, Habib C. (The Centre for Lebanese Studies and I B Tauris & Co Ltd, 2000)
Charles Malik of Lebanon was a key player at the UN in this historical drama that extracted a set of universal human rights out of the chaos of antagonistic ideologies and clashing world-views. This book contains a distillation of his writings, interventions and reflections on the making of the Universal Declaration, the contentious issues grappled with along the way, some of the personalities involved in the process, and the laborious stages of the process itself.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Chiquita 13: Profiles of Banana Officials Accused of Crimes Against Humanity - National Security Archive (National Security Archive, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Commission For Truth, Unity and Reconciliation: A Damp Squib for Human Rights Archives and Records - Nugawela, Nigel (Groundviews, 2024)
The Bill on the Commission for Truth, Unity and Reconciliation (CTUR) in Sri Lanka was finally issued in the Gazette on January 1, 2024 after months of announcements by the government. However, recommendations sent to the president and key ministries regarding the management of records have not been addressed in the current draft. This includes the establishment of a nexus with the Sri Lanka National Archives (SLNA) for the transfer of records, processing the records of previous commissions of inquiry (CoIs), establishing a records management unit and acknowledging rights of access for affected persons.
Sri Lanka
Keywords: 2024-01 January

The Communist Regime in Romania: Interpretation or Condemnation? - Iacob, Bogdan C. (Sudosteuropa Mitteilungen, 2014)
The article analyses the second life of the concept of genocide In public, scholarly and legal post-2006 discourses about how to deal with the communist past In Romania. It counterpoises such problematic radical condemnations with recent developments In local historical studies. The contribution focuses on a new generation of historians (In their thirties and early forties), exemplifying these approaches by discussing novel studies about repression, Institutions and biographies. It argues that the employment of the term genocide on the one hand reflects specific traditions of public, scholarly and legal narratives about the communist regime. On the other hand, It highlights the ambiguity and misrepresentation of historical phenomena concerning the period from 1945 to 1989 in Romania. Such overbearing denunciatory attitudes potentially obfuscate the complexities and varieties of the past. Benefiting from a genuine archival revolution after 2007, young historians counterbalance opaque, uncritical narratives of victimization with a renewed will for Interpretation and revision. Adapted from the source document.
Num Pages: 18 Publisher: Geschaftsstelle der Sudosteuropa-Gesellschaft, Munich Germany
Keywords: Attitudes; Communists; Genocide; Historians; Narratives; Radicalism; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Repression (Political); Revolutions; Romania

The Condor Years: How Pinochet And His Allies Brought Terrorism To Three Continents - Dinges, John (The New Press, 2005)
A compelling and shocking account? of a brutal campaign of repression in Latin America, based on interviews and previously secret documents (The Miami Herald). Throughout the 1970s, six Latin American governments, led by Chile, formed a military alliance called Operation Condor to carry out kidnappings, torture, and political assassinations across three continents. It was an early ?war on terror? initially encouraged by the CIA?which later backfired on the United States. Hailed by Foreign Affairs as ?remarkable? and ?a major contribution to the historical record,? The Condor Years uncovers the unsettling facts about the secret US relationship with the dictators who created this terrorist organization. Written by award-winning journalist John Dinges and updated to include later developments in the prosecution of Pinochet, the book is a chilling yet dispassionately told history of one of Latin America?s darkest eras. Dinges, himself interrogated in a Chilean torture camp, interviewed participants on both sides and examined thousands of previously secret documents to take the reader inside this underground world of military operatives and diplomats, right-wing spies and left-wing revolutionaries. ?Scrupulous, well-documented.? ?The Washington Post ?Nobody knows what went wrong inside Chile like John Dinges.? ?Seymour Hersh
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Congo Free State: What Could Archives Tell Us? - Van Schuylenbergh, Patricia; Leduc-Grimaldi, Mathilde (Peter Lang Editions, 2022)
Through the remains of court cases, company archives and private archives, renowned historians and archivists have revisited in this book lesser-known or long-lost archives that are crucial for a deeper understanding of the 30 years of the Congo Free State that marked Belgium’s entry into the colonial era.
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Keywords: 2023-08 August; Congo Free State

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Memory: Remembrance, commemoration, and archiving in crisis - Fridman, Orli; Gensburger, Sarah (Springer International Publishing, 2024)
What happened to commemorative practices, events, and rituals around the world during the pandemic, and especially during lockdown periods in early 2020? The book also grapples with the inquiry as to how did the Covid-19 memory boom emerge? It finally puts forward the claim as the contributions of this book demonstrate: the Covid-19 crisis restricted social interaction but unlocked memory.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2024-01 January; Activism; Archives; Collective memory; Commemoration; Covid-19; Cultural heritage; Digital memory; Inequalities; Lockdown; Memory; Oral history; Pandemics; Protest; Public policy; Social distancing

The creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bailey, Peter (univeralrights.net)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The dangers of digital colonisation - Yates, Siena (E-Tangata, 2023)
The dangers of digital colonisation may not be obvious yet because, on the surface, technology seems to be advancing our reo and our connections instead of suppressing them.
New Zealand
Keywords: 2023-10 October

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (elysee.fr, 1789)
Retrouvez l'histoire et le texte intégral de la déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789, citée dans le préambule de la Constitution de la Ve République.
Section: Presidency
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Declaration of the Rights of Woman (September 1791) - De Gouges, Olympe (1791)
Marie Gouze (1748–93) was a self–educated butcher’s daughter from the south of France who, under the name Olympe de Gouges, wrote pamphlets and plays on a variety of issues, including slavery, which she attacked as being founded on greed and blind prejudice. In this pamphlet she provides a declaration of the rights of women to parallel the one for men, thus criticizing the deputies for having forgotten women. She addressed the pamphlet to the Queen, Marie Antoinette, though she also warned the…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The doomsday vaults storing seeds, data and DNA to protect our future - Braidwood, Ella (The Observer, 2023)
Around the world, highly secure chambers are being built to preserve everything we need to withstand any number of worst-case scenarios.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-10 November; DNA database; Environment; Plants; Science; World news

The economics and politics of international preservation collaborations: a Malian case study - Dong, Lorraine (Archival Science, 2012)
This paper examines four economic and political themes that are relevant to international heritage preservation and archives efforts. Collaborations that involve multiple players such as industrialized nations, international heritage organizations, and postcolonial or economically developing regions will inevitably be laden with sociopolitical and economic entanglements that affect preservation outcomes and modern cultural development. Drawing on the Timbuktu Manuscripts Project in Mali for context, the paper will first discuss the infrastructural limitations that limit the progress and sustainability of projects that seek to preserve and create greater access to cultural heritage. The second critical theme is the enduring legacy of colonialism and, more specifically, the multiple concepts in Africa regarding cultural and historical evidence. The third theme is the compromise between local and global development advocates, especially in terms of agreeing on access boundaries to cultural materials. The fourth theme is the dialogue that must take place between stakeholders, especially between the host communities and supporting entities. This paper posits that it is necessary to look at the Timbuktu Manuscripts Project and other heritage preservation and archives projects by their high-level commonalities and through deeply contextualized historical lenses in order to cogently discuss the social value of these multinational projects and to help plan future collaborative efforts.
Other Publications
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archives; Cultural heritage; Digitization; Mali; Preservation; Timbuktu

The Emergence of Memory: Conversations with W. G. Sebald - Sebald, W. G. (Seven Stories Press, 2010)
When German author W. G. Sebald died in a car accident at the age of fifty-seven, the literary world mourned the loss of a writer whose oeuvre it was just beginning to appreciate. Through published interviews with and essays on Sebald, award-winning translator and author Lynne Sharon Schwartz offers a profound portrait of the writer, who has been praised posthumously for his unflinching explorations of historical cruelty, memory, and dislocation. With contributions from poet, essayist, and translator Charles Simic, New Republic editor Ruth Franklin, Bookworm radio host Michael Silverblatt, and more, The Emergence of Memory offers Sebald’s own voice in interviews between 1997 up to a month before his death in 2001. Also included are cogent accounts of almost all of Sebald’s books, thematically linked to events in the contributors’ own lives.Contributors include Carole Angier, Joseph Cuomo, Ruth Franklin, Michael Hofmann, Arthur Lubow, Tim Parks, Michael Silverblatt, Charles Simic, and Eleanor Wachtel.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Ethics of Memory - Margalit, Avishai (Harvard University Press, 2004)
Much of the intense current interest in collective memory concerns the politics of memory. In a book that asks, "Is there an ethics of memory?" Avishai Margalit addresses a separate, perhaps more pressing, set of concerns. The idea he pursues is that the past, connecting people to each other, makes possible the kinds of "thick" relations we can call truly ethical. Thick relations, he argues, are those that we have with family and friends, lovers and neighbors, our tribe and our nation–and they are all dependent on shared memories. But we also have "thin" relations with total strangers, people with whom we have nothing in common except our common humanity. A central idea of the ethics of memory is that when radical evil attacks our shared humanity, we ought as human beings to remember the victims. Margalit's work offers a philosophy for our time, when, in the wake of overwhelming atrocities, memory can seem more crippling than liberating, a force more for revenge than for reconciliation. Morally powerful, deeply learned, and elegantly written, The Ethics of Memory draws on the resources of millennia of Western philosophy and religion to provide us with healing ideas that will engage all of us who care about the nature of our relations to others.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The EU and WFP provide cash assistance to internally displaced and crisis affected Iraqis missing civil documentation - Iraq | ReliefWeb - World Food Programme (World Food Programme, 2023)
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) in Iraq welcomed a generous €5 million contribution from the European Union (EU) to provide cash assistance to internally displaced and crisis-affected Iraqis missing one or more essential civil documents until they are integrated within the national social safety net.
Iraq
Keywords: 2023-07 July

The European Convention on Human Rights and the COVID-19 Pandemic - McQuigg, Ronagh J.A. (Routledge & CRC Press, 2024)
This book provides detailed analysis of the applicability of the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights to issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, a substantial number of complaints concerning such issues have been made to the Court. Human rights claims in the context of the pandemic fall into two broad categories: those based on arguments that states did not put in place sufficient measures to protect individuals from the virus and those entailing arguments that the measures put in place themselves involved breaches of rights.
Europe
Keywords: 2024-01 January

The "European Network of Official Authorities in Charge of the Secret Police Files”: A Reader on the Legal Foundations, Structures and Activities (BStU, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen - Lauren, Paul Gordon (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011)
This widely acclaimed and highly regarded book, used extensively by students, scholars, policymakers, and activists, now appears in a new third edition. Focusing on the theme of visions seen by those who dreamed of what might be, Lauren explores the dramatic transformation of a world patterned by centuries of human rights abuses into a global community that now boldly proclaims that the way governments treat their own people is a matter of international concern-and sets the goal of human rights "for all peoples and all nations." He reveals the truly universal nature of this movement, places contemporary events within their broader historical contexts, and explains the relationship between individual cases and larger issues of human rights with insight. This new edition incorporates material from recently declassified documents and the most recent scholarship relating to the creation of the new Human Rights Council and its Universal Periodic Review, the International Criminal Court, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), terrorism and torture, the impact of globalization and modern technology, and activists in NGOs devoted to human rights. It provides perceptive assessments of the process of change, the power of visions and visionaries, politics and political will, and the evolving meanings of sovereignty, security, and human rights themselves.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The Executive Board of the ICA endorsed “Guiding Principles for Safe Havens for Archives at Risk” - National Archives of Finland - The National Archives of Finland (arkisto.fi, 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights

The failed referendum is a political disaster, but opportunity exists for those brave and willing to embrace it - Williamson, Bhiamie (The Conversation, 2023)
The Voice to Parliament has failed. What does this mean for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people?
Australia
Keywords: 2023-10 October

The Fight for Privacy: Protecting Dignity, Identity, and Love in the Digital Age - Keats Citron, Danielle (W. W. Norton & Company, 2023)
Privacy is disappearing. Exploring why the law has struggled to keep up, the author reveals how our current system leaves victims—particularly women, LGBTQ+ people, and marginalized groups—shamed and powerless while perpetrators profit, warping cultural norms around the world.
Worldwide
Keywords: 2023-12 December

The Final Comprehensive Report - Truth & Dignity Commission (The Final Comprehensive Report, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Ford Foundation's Support For Human Rights Archives. - Divack, Alan (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
Other Publications

The future of conservation in Canada depends on Indigenous protected areas. So what are they? - Cyca, Michell (The Narwhal, 2023)
Canada’s climate commitments rest in Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas — often called IPCAs. While the concept isn’t new, it’s gaining better recognition and funding from, at least, some governments
Canada
Keywords: 2023-06 June

The Gacaca Courts, Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Justice without Lawyers - Clark, Phil (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
This is a timely empirical study and review of the Gacaca Courts which were established in 2001 in Rwanda as an attempt to prosecute suspects involved in the 1994 genocide. Based on the author's original field work which began in 2003 in Rwanda and which has been updated to the end of 2009, it includes responses from within the Rwandan population. Dr. Clark argues that, despite widespread international scepticism, the Gacaca process has achieved remarkable results in terms of justice and reconciliation, although this has often come at a price, especially the re-traumatisation of many Rwandans who have participated firsthand in hearings. This book will appeal to a wide global readership crossing human rights, transitional justice and African studies for its combination of original empirical data with a socio-legal analysis.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The global compact on refugees: UNHCR Quick Guide - Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for (The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), 2018)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2); Archives and Human Rights