Los Archivos de Derechos Humanos en Perú - Cruz, Ruth (Comma, 2010)
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Archivos, memoria y derechos: reflexiones en torno al caso argentine - Nazar, Mariana (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2010)
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Archives against Amnesia - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Politorbis., 2010)
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Sites of Conscience: New Approaches to Conflicted Memory - Ševčenko, Liz (Museum International, 2010)
For better or for worse, heritage is a key terrain on which societal conflicts are expressed. Instead of treating conflict over heritage sites defensively, shielding them from attack, we can take proactive steps to offer heritage sites as resources for addressing contested social questions. This article explores strategies used around the world by ‘Sites of Conscience’– heritage sites that foster dialogue on contemporary issues – to help communities to confront the questions that divide them.
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Memory, records, history: the Records of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste - Nannelli, Elizabeth (Archival Science, 2009)
This paper examines the implications of the context of creation on the current and potential future uses of the records produced by the Comissao de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliacao de Timor-Leste (Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, or CAVR). Given that the CAVR relied heavily on the testimony of the East Timorese people in its investigations that addressed a 25-year period, this paper considers the nature of memory and the role it played in creating and shaping the CAVR records. It also addresses the potential influences of the CAVR records, particularly the final report, Chega!, in shaping what will be known about this period by the Timorese people. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential role of the CAVR records in contributing to the history of Timor-Leste. Although truth commissions are a problematic form of truth telling, with significant implications for the writing of history, the records of the CAVR are an invaluable source of information for Timorese history. If future users can recognize the CAVR records as the products of the context of their creation, these records will have a critical role to play in the development of history within Timor-Leste.
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Keywords: Memory; Records; Timor-Leste; Truth commissions

Lorsque la coopération internationale s’intéresse aux archives : l’exemple de la Tunisie. - Jacobs, Christophe (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2008)
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Access and democratisation of information: the documentation of war atrocities by the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission. - Svärd, Proscovia (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2008)
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On dealing with the past, transitional justice and archives - Syrri, Despina (Balcanica, 2008)
This paper aims to explore initiatives in dealing with the past in South East Europe, particularly with regard to archives, and to reflect on discussions about the documentation of atrocities and sufferings and the shift from war to peace, ongoing in the Balkan countries affected by the 1991–1999 wars while the countries are still struggling to find the best way(s) to deal with the past and its consequences. Transitional justice may be framed as opening up different approaches to create collective memories, to share and to transfer these through time-space. New technologies used in archiving are assumed to open new avenues to democratization and accountability, in communication and free circulation of information, and to create a much broader negotiating process, with significant opportunities for the preservation of memory(ies), documentation and contestation — a far more multi-sited, multi-scalar and multi-level board where novel alliances, formations and mediations might arise. One particular case is that of the digitization and public accessibility of the tribunals’ archives, which are supposed to constitute an important legal and cultural heritage that belongs to the world community, as well as to the states and the citizens involved. The information contained in these archives is expected to be made available for new forms of use, such as scientific research and investigation by/for surviving relatives, while respecting different legal constraints. The archives would also serve the advancement of the international justice system by explaining the workings of the tribunals to the general public. Consequently the important question that arises is the ownership of these archives. The reciprocal “production” and “consumption” (shaping) of the colonial narrative of history and identity entail that the former colonizers and colonized are a community of records, sharing a common archival heritage. Therefore, what in Western archival practice is called the subject of the record has to be reconsidered as a full partner in the record-creating process, as a co-creator of the record. These archives thus seem to constitute a “joint heritage” shared by a number of “communities of records”, contributing to the possible formation of new identities and politics.
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The Atrocity Files. Deciphering the Archives of Guatemala's Dirty War.The Atrocity Files. - Doyle, Kate; Doyle, Kate (Harper's Magazine, 2007)
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Public Records and Archives as Tools for Good Governance: Reflections Within the Recordkeeping Scholarly and Practitioner Communities - Kemoni, Henry N.; Ngulube, Patrick; Stilwell, Christine (ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives, 2007)
The article presents the various points of view regarding the definitions and uses of records and archives amongst the recordkeeping scholarly and practitioner communities. It demonstrates that whereas records and archives are useful tools for facilitating transparency, accountability and good governance in society, they could be used as instruments of repression and human rights abuses. Attempts made by various regimes to destroy evidence documented in records to conceal actions related to misuse of power and human rights abuses are highlighted. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for records and archives personnel to collaborate in order to establish good recordkeeping regimes that facilitate the exploitation and use of records and archives as tools for governance, enhancement of public service delivery and achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among recordkeeping scholars, consultants, researchers and practitioners into the use of records and archives as tools for good governance and protection of human rights.
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Keywords: Archives; Governance; Human Rights; Recordkeeping; Records; United Nations Millennium Development Goals

Transition politique, histoire et mémoire : réflexions sur l’experience de la commission marocaine pour la vérité - El Yazami, Driss (Gazette des archives, 2007)
L’Instance Equité et Réconciliation (IER) a relayé et amplifié un travail de mémoire qui avait été engagé par la société marocaine depuis des années. L’auteur, ancien membre de l’IER, présente les nombreuses questions auxquelles s’est trouvée confrontée cette instance, chargée à la fois d’établir la vérité sur les violations des droits de l’Homme intervenues au Maroc pendant près d’un demi-siècle, d’en expliquer le contexte et d’en préserver la mémoire : question des témoignages oraux, de leur confrontation à d’autres sources, de la préservation des archives publiques et privées et surtout des relations entre mémoire et histoire. Les membres de l’IER ont refusé de donner une version définitive de l’histoire du Maroc indépendant et ont préconisé la mise en oeuvre d’une véritable politique publique de développement des archives, et de soutien à la recherche scientifique et à l’enseignement de l’histoire du temps présent. L’auteur plaide pour la poursuite du travail pédagogique et civique engagé par l’IER, afin de donner au grand public une conscience historique du passé, et de fonder leur sentiment de citoyenneté.
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La política archivística del Gobierno español y la ausencia de gestión del pasado desde el comienzo de la transición - González Quintana, Antonio (Hispania Nova. Revista de Historia Contemporánea, 2007)
Most of political parties represented at the Spanish Parliament agreed, after Franco’s death, not to face the recent past. From the beginning of the Spanish political transition has existed neither a policy of memory nor a real archival policy regarding that subject. The management of the records produced by D.N.S.D. (National Delegation of Documentary Services, the information agency of Franco regime in Salamanca), was only focused on improving historical researches. The archives of military courts, used for massive civilian repression in ther forties, thirty years after continue being the biggest gap in Spanish archival legislation. No measures have been adopted to provide accountability about Human Rights violations or to facilitate the spreading of compensations for victims of repression.
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Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post-autoritaires - González Quintana, Antonio (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post autoritaires ; Le rapport sur les archives des anciens régimes répressifs, préparé pour l’UNESCO et le Conseil International des Archives en 1996, a souligné l’importance cruciale de la conservation de ces documents puisqu’ils servent autant à la défense des personnes affectées par ces régimes qu’à la consolidation de la démocratie et à la reconstruction de la cohésion sociale. Comme la conservation des archives de la répression conditionne l’exercice de toute une série de droits collectifs et individuels, les nouvelles autorités démocratiques doivent adopter une législation adéquate. La loi doit considérer ces archives comme des biens culturels, en assurer la protection et en fixer les conditions d’accès. Compte tenu des risques de politisation de ces documents, il est indispensable que les archivistes en charge des archives de la répression adoptent un code de déontologie qui affirme le caractère patrimonial de ces archives et l’obligation pour les archivistes d’en préserver l’intégrité.
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Un précieux gâchis : les archives du procès Milosevic - Hubrecht, Joël (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Alors qu’il touchait à sa fin, le procès de l’ex-président serbe devant le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) a été interrompu par la mort de l’accusé, privant victimes et juges du verdict final. En l’absence de dénouement judiciaire, les archives du procès revêtent donc une importance particulière. L’auteur en décrit la composition, la conservation et l’exploitation et il s’interroge sur l’impact qu’on peut en attendre dans la construction de la mémoire collective et dans la transition démocratique des sociétés concernées par ses crimes. Il explique que l’enjeu n’est pas seulement la sauvegarde de la mémoire des années 90 mais celle de tous les conflits qu’a connus la région des Balkans au XXème siècle. Cette réappropriation globale de la mémoire est d’autant plus nécessaire que les générations n’ont connu qu’une histoire nationale réécrite et que le rapport à la «vérité des faits » est profondément altéré. C’est pourquoi il est crucial de développer une politique de conservation et d’exploitation des archives du TPIY qui soit suffisamment exemplaire pour restaurer cette confiance perdue. C’est aux juristes et aux historiens qu’il appartient d’exploiter et de valoriser au mieux le fonds d’archives de ce procès inachevé, afin de montrer que ce qui pourrait apparaître comme un gâchis est en réalité un bien très précieux.
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Droit des archives et droits de l’homme - Kabanda, Marcel (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Devant l’impossibilité de reconstituer par les archives écrites la réalité des crimes commis au Rwanda, l’auteur souligne l’importance des témoignages oraux, seuls à faire apparaître le rôle du gouvernement intérimaire dans l’incitation des populations civiles à commettre un génocide. Il met en garde contre les effets pervers de la chasse aux documents lancée après les massacres, hors de tout contrôle et sans assurance de préservation, par de multiples acteurs désireux de mobiliser l’opinion publique. Quant aux professionnels des archives, ils sont soumis à la pression croissante de nouveaux usagers, victimes et défenseurs des droits de l’Homme, et journalistes. Il leur faut des moyens supplémentaires mais aussi un nouveau droit qui adapte les règles de consultation des archives aux exigences de ces différents publics, en assurant un équilibre entre l’exigence de savoir et la protection des sources, et en préservant les intérêts de la recherche historique. L’auteur suggère aussi des actions de sensibilisation à la notion d’archives, notamment en partenariat avec les systèmes éducatifs, comme cela est déjà le cas pour les droits de l’Homme.
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Archivos y Derechos Humanos en Argentina - Karababikian, Graciela (Bolétin del Archivo General de la Nación, 2007)
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La construction du récit de la mémoire collective avec la contribution du savoir de l’historien - Neirinck, Danièle (Gazette des archives, 2007)
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Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité - Pantz, Sylvie (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité ; Après avoir travaillé au Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie pendant quatre ans, de 1996 à 1999, l’auteur est retournée à La Haye préparer son intervention. Elle porte un regard neuf sur le TPIY qu’elle avait quitté dans la phase de «cueillette des preuves » et qu’elle retrouve très bien rôdé et doté de moyens sophistiqués à quelque temps de sa fermeture. Plus qu’aux archives du TPIY, bien conservées, c’est aux témoins qui ont déposé à La Haye et particulièrement aux témoins «potentiels » qu’elle s’intéresse. Elle craint qu’à la fermeture du Tribunal ils ne soient laissés pour compte parce qu’on a estimé inutile de les appeler à témoigner lors d’un procès. Elle souhaite que les justices nationales s’approprient ces affaires qui ne relèvent pas de la compétence du TPIY, ce qui donnerait l’occasion à ces témoins négligés de témoigner. Elle estime en conclusion qu’il serait légitime de restituer ces preuves, non pas aux Nations unies mais à leurs «propriétaires » . Elle s’interroge sur le lieu où les déposer, sans pouvoir apporter de réponse.
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Archives et processus de criblage dans les sociétés en transition : l’exemple des pays de l’ancien bloc des Pays de l’Est - Rumin, Serge (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le vetting ou criblage consiste en l’examen minutieux des antécédents d’un candidat à un poste afin de déterminer son aptitude, sur le plan moral, à occuper un poste. Ce procédé est considéré comme un mécanisme de justice transitionnelle, au service tant de la réforme institutionnelle et de la poursuite pénale, que de la recherche collective de la vérité et de la réparation des torts causés aux victimes. L’auteur montre le rôle clé de l’information dans le mécanisme de criblage et les défis que posent la collecte et le traitement de l’information en général. Après avoir identifié le type d’informations utilisé dans un mécanisme de criblage, il met en évidence le lien entre la nature du processus de transition (post-conflit ou post-autoritaire) et le type d’information disponible, et examine en quoi le type d’information utilisé conditionne le mécanisme de criblage. Il montre enfin que le type d’information et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour son traitement affectent substantiellement les résultats du processus.
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A la recherche des disparus de la seconde guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives - Sellem, Denis (Gazette des archives, 2007)
A la recherche des disparus de la Seconde Guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives ; Parti à la recherche de son oncle, Edouard Kalifat, disparu en URSS à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’auteur retrace les étapes successives d’un parcours solitaire qui l’a mené de ministères en centres d’archives russes et ukrainiens, en passant par l’appel à témoins et le recours aux medias. Devenu un usager des archives expérimenté, il explique les difficultés qu’il a rencontrées au cours de sa quête d’informations, en raison de la complexité et du cloisonnement des circuits institutionnels et associatifs. Elles l’ont incité à élargir sa recherche personnelle à celle de toutes les personnes disparues en URSS dans des conditions analogues et à créer une association spécialisée dans les recherches humanitaires. Il tire de cette expérience unique des recommandations pratiques, destinées à faciliter la tâche des familles confrontées à la disparition de l’un de leurs membres et désemparées. Il invite les administrations concernées à établir à leur intention un guide des démarches à entreprendre. Il presse aussi les archivistes d’élaborer un guide des services d’archives à consulter et de mettre en place des instruments de recueil d’informations et de suivi des dossiers.
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Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même - Solis Azuaga, Gabriela (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même. ; Gabriela Solís Azuaga présente dans cet article son témoignage vécu du stronisme, régime despotique du général Stroessner que le Paraguay a subi pendant 35 ans. Après avoir présenté brièvement le Paraguay et son histoire, l’auteur tente de définir ce régime, atypique à plus d’un titre. La découverte en 1992 des archives de la police politique du stronisme, archives dites de la terreur, a permis à certaines familles de connaître la vérité sur le sort de leurs disparus et d’obtenir justice. Mais l’intérêt de ce fonds dépasse le cadre national puisqu’on y trouve les fichiers et dossiers de l’Opération Condor qui concernent les pays d’Amérique latine impliqués dans ce plan coordonné de répression. L’auteur conclut en constatant que le temps du travail de mémoire n’est pas encore arrivé au Paraguay, alors que la compréhension du passé permettrait de résoudre les difficultés auxquelles il est toujours confronté.
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Access, the democratic imperative - Ketelaar, Eric (Archives and Manuscripts, 2006)
Informit is an online service offering a wide range of database and full content publication products that deliver the vast majority of Australasian scholarly research to the education, research and business sectors. Informit encompasses online products: Informit Indexes, Informit Plus Text and Informit Collections.
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Professional ethics and practice in archives and records management in a human rights context - Cook, Michael (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
This article contains a survey of ethical codes adopted by the Archives and Records Management (ARM) professional associations in Anglophone areas in the 1990s and notes that such codes are in effect standards to set beside other standards. The Museums Association code of ethics is compared, because it is aimed at institutions and not at individual professionals. It can be observed that institutional aims contain a strong ethical component. This is backed by procedural standards and guidelines required by new legislation in the UK (notably Freedom of Information and Data Protection). ARM professionals are faced with growing tensions in the interfaces between them and creators of records, owners of records, users and data subjects. Ethical decisions are constantly being demanded in all these areas. There is then a review of ARM responses to the human rights movement internationally, ranging from the ethical code proposed by the Quintana Report (1997), through subsequent discussions at CITRA, the Vienna Congress of the International Council on Archives (2004) and the University of Liverpool conference on archives and political pressures (2003). The article concludes by proposing that codes of ethics should be extended to direct the work of institutions as well as of individuals, that ethical principles embedded in procedural standards and guidelines should be recognised and codified, and that human rights issues should be explicitly recognised in ARM services through mission and policy statements.
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Archives as Spaces of Memory - Ketelaar, Eric (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
The first part of this paper deals with truth, justice, memory and the role of archives. The record speaks with multiple voices through many intermediaries. Those intermediaries are the subject of the second part of the paper addressing the issue of connecting people's stories with public archives, using technologies for social navigation and ubiquitous computing which can transform archives into social spaces of memory.
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Keywords: From the Forerunners of Document Collection to the Trial of Klaus Barbie and beyond

La "cultura de la memoria": problemas y reflexiones - Waldman M., Gilda (Política y cultura, 2006)
El artículo plantea que la emergencia de la memoria como preocupación cultural y política central de nuestras sociedades contemporáneas es un fenómeno mundial que atraviesa los más diversos espacios geográficos. El texto esboza algunas explicaciones sobre el por qué de esta intensa "obsesión memorialística", señalando, al mismo tiempo, algunas de sus paradojas. El artículo analiza, asimismo, cómo se produce la apertura de la memoria relativa al pasado reciente en algunos países de Europa y en algunos otros del Cono Sur después de la experiencia de las dictaduras militares, para centrarse a continuación en la "batalla de las memorias" en México, en relación al tema de los movimientos político–armados, algunos de décadas en estos casos.
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Archivos y Derechos Humanos: los documentos de la CVR - Mendoza, Navarro; A´lda, Luz (Centro estratégico para el Desarrollo Empresarial, serie archivística, 2006)
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Archives, Truth, and Reconciliation - Sachs, Albie (Archivaria, 2006)
This lecture by Justice Albie Sachs of the South African Constitutional Court recounts his “archive fever.” Archivaria asked Verne Harris of the Nelson Mandela Foundation to prepare a short introduction. RÉSUMÉCet exposé du juge Albie Sachs de la Cour constitutionnelle de l’Afrique du Sud (South African Constitutional Court) évoque sa « fièvre des archives ». Archivaria a demandé à Verne Harris de la Fondation Nelson Mandela de préparer une brève introduction.
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Genocidal Archives: The African Context—Genocide in Rwanda - Adami, Tom A.; Hunt, Martha (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2005)
When looking at international criminal justice archival theory and practice, it is difficult to find many examples. There are the two current ad-hoc international criminal tribunals dealing with the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) in The Hague, Netherlands and Arusha, Tanzania, respectively. Prior to 1993 one has to go back to the late 1940's and the Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials. This article asks whether there is such a thing as international criminal justice archival theory and details several of the unique aspects of record-keeping practice in an international organisation that deals with genocide and other crimes against humanity. Much valuable and innovative work has been carried out by the staff of the records and archives unit of ICTR since 1998 and the continuation of these approaches will be vital to future similar organisations. In light of current developments to deal with the former Iraqi regime in a hybrid internatioinal and/or domestic Iraqi court, valuable lessons can be learnt from the experience of the ICTY and the ICTR.
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Open Memory: Using inter-institutional cooperation to facilitate access to human rights. - Ferrari, Damian (New Tactics Project of the Center for Victims and Torture., 2005)
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Oral History as a Mechanism for Dealing with the Past. - Toma, Marijana (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2005)
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'We must remember our past so that we do not repeat it' - Forde, Helen (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2004)
The theme of the 2003 CITRA conference concentrated on archives and human rights and the problems associated with the status, use and collection of such archives. It provided a global view of large-scale denial of human rights, and gave insight into different views and perceptions. In the UK the issue is less the mass denial of human rights, more the recurrent denial to individuals. How does the UK measure up in terms of trying to prevent the abuse of such rights? Will the implementation of the Freedom of Information Act make a difference? Raising awareness is a first step, but more action is needed in order to avoid any repetition of past failures.
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Fact-Finding by Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations: Challenges,Strategies, and the Shaping of Archival Evidence - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2004)
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Archives and Historical Accountability: Toward a Moral Theology of Archives - O'Toole, James (Archivaria, 2004)
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Accountability, History, and Archives: Conflicting Priorities or Synthesized Strands? - Dirks, John M. (Archivaria, 2004)
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The Ford Foundation's Support For Human Rights Archives. - Divack, Alan (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
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Overcoming the apartheid legacy: the special case of the Freedom Charter - Dominy, Graham (Archival Science, 2004)
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Los Archivos de la Represión: Balance y Perspectivas - González Quintana, Antonio (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
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Archive und Demokratie in der Informationsgesellschaft - Graf, Christoph (Studien und Quellen, Etudes et Sources, 2004)
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Les archives: la mémoire au coeur de la société démocratique - Janssens, Gustaaf (Pliegos de Yuste: Revista de Cultura y Pensamiento Europeos, 2004)
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"Taking sides": National Archives and the defence of Human rights in a multicultural society. - Nishiguchi, Gabrielle (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
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Prosecution and resistance, compensation and reconcilitation – two repressive systems in a country: the case of German archives - Oldenhage, Klaus (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
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Truth and the records of truth commissions - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Studien und Quellen, Etudes et Sources, 2004)
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Archivos y Organizaciones de Defensa de los Derechos Humanos en Argentina. - Tappatá de Valdez, Patricia (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)
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Liberation, reconciliation and the importance of the record - Tutu, Desmond (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
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Les archives du Comité international de la croix-rouge comme source de reconstruction de l'identité des victims. - Willemin, Georges (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)
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Archives and the Public Good: Accountability and Records in Modern Society - Cox, Richard J.; Wallace, David A. (Journal of Documentation, 2003)
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Keywords: Accountability; Archives; Records management

Presidential Materials: Politics and the Presidential Records Act - Montgomery, Bruce (The American Archivist, 2003)
President George W. Bush's Executive Order No. 13,233, issued on 1 November 2001, marked the latest attempt by the executive branch to circumvent or otherwise nullify the key provisions of the Presidential Records Act. Congress passed the Presidential Records Act in 1978 in the wake of the Watergate scandals to assure public ownership and control over presidential materials. Nonetheless, starting with the presidency of Ronald Reagan, who was the first president to be covered by the act, the executive branch has repeatedly attacked the statute through various regulatory schemes and overly broad claims of executive privilege. Indeed, with their historical reputations and legacies at stake, presidents have never fully accepted the concept of yielding control over their presidential materials. This article reviews the troubling history of the Presidential Records Act and the implications of the latest attempts to restrict access to presidential papers.
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Stories and names: Archival description as narrating records and constructing meanings - Duff, Wendy M.; Harris, Verne (Archival Science, 2002)
The authors of this essay, coming from very different traditions and modes of archival discourse, explore together archival description as a field of archival thinking and practice. Their shared conviction is that records are always in the process of being made, and that the stories of their making are parts of bigger stories understandable only in the ever-changing broader contexts of society. The exploration begins with an interrogation of the traditional and ever-valid questions of the what and the why of archival description. Thereafter they offer a deconstruction of these questions and of the answers commonly proffered. In these sections of the essay their concern is with descriptive architecture, the analysis covering a number of specific architectures and including only oblique references to descriptive standardization. The concluding section attempts to draw out the implications of their analysis for endeavours - irrespective of the architectures being used - to define, and to justify, descriptive standards. Their call is not to dispense with standardization, but rather to create space for a liberatory approach which engages creatively the many dangers of standardization.
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Reflections on the Goal of Archival Appraisal in Democratic Societies - Eastwood, Terry (Archivaria, 2002)
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Establishing Recognition of Past Injustices: Uses of Archival Records in Documenting the Experience of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War - Roberts-Moore, Judith (Archivaria, 2002)
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Silencios, contingencias y desafíos: el Archivo de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad en Chile. - Cruz, María Angélica (Los archivos de la represión: Documentos, memoria y verdad, 2002)
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Recordkeeping, reconciliation and political reality - Piggott, Michael; McKemmish, Sue (Australian Society of Archivists Annual Conference, 2002)
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Keywords: Uncategorized

The Iraqi Secret Police Files: A Documentary Record of the Anfal Genocide - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2001)
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The Truth of Truth Commissions: Comparative Lessons from Haiti, South Africa, and Guatemala - Chapman, Audrey; Ball, Patrick (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
This article identifies some of the complexities and factors shaping the efforts of truth commissions. It also evaluates the kinds of truths that truth commissions can most appropriately seek to determine. While truth commissions are often portrayed as generic bodies, they have very different approaches to the kind of "truth" they are seeking. Their official mandates, the perceptions and priorities of their commissioners and key staff, the methodological orientations utilized, and the level of resources available all shape the nature of their findings and the type of report they produce. In addition, decisions made by those working within a specific truth commission, sometimes without an understanding of their implications, often have important consequences for truth-finding. The analysis draws on the experience of the American Association for the Advancement of Science's (AAAS) Science and Human Rights Program in providing scientific and technical assistance to three recent truth commissions-the Haitian National Commission for Truth and Justice (CNVJ), the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (TRC), and the Commission for Historical Clarification (CEH) in Guatemala.
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Human Rights: A Survey of Archival Sources in the United States and Canada - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
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Human Rights Archives and Research on Historical Memory: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay - Bickford, Louis (Latin American Research Review, 2000)
[This research note discusses an emerging subfield of inquiry in the study of democratization in Latin America: a focus on the relationships between past human rights abuses and democratization processes. It outlines four sets of questions emerging around the themes of "historical memory" and "legacies of authoritarian rule." The study then examines documentary collections of major human rights nongovernmental organizations (HRNGOs) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. The purpose of this endeavor is to provide researchers interested in studying the four issues with specific information on documents produced and currently held by the HRNGOs in the Southern Cone. The essay examines seven HRNGOs in Chile, ten in Argentina, and four in Uruguay, and ends with practical hints for researchers who wish to use these resources.]
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The Universal Declaration on Archives - International Council on Archives (2010)
Adopted at the General Assembly of ICA Oslo, September 2010. Endorsed by the 36th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO on 10th November 2011.

Basic principles on the role of archivists and records managers in support of human rights - International Council on Archives; Human Rights Working Group (International Council on Archives, 2016)

Application of ISAD(G) for Human Rights Archives. - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp; Human Rights working group (International Council on Archives. Conseil International des Archives., 2012)
Manuals and Guidelines

OHCHR | Call for inputs: Countering disinformation for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms - OHCHR (OHCHR, 2022)
Objectives The United Nations General Assembly resolution 76/227 on “Countering disinformation for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms” requested the UN Secretary-General “to seek the views of States, United Nations entities and relevant stakeholders and to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session a report, within existing resources, based on information and best practices shared by States, United Nations entities and relevant stakeholders on countering disinformation.”

OHCHR | International Financial Obligations, Digital Systems and Human Rights - OHCHR Special Procedures (OHCHR, 2022)
Background and objectives In her annual report to the Human Rights Council in March 2023 the Independent Expert on debt, other international financial obligations and human rights, Ms. Attiya Waris, will address the links between international financial obligations, digital systems and human rights.

OHCHR | Call for inputs for a report on cultural rights and migration - OHCHR Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights (OHCHR, 2023)
Background An estimated 280 million people, approximately 3.6% of the world’s population, currently live outside their country of origin. The reasons for these displacements are numerous: some may have chosen to leave to pursue better opportunities elsewhere; many are compelled to leave for a complex combination of reasons, including poverty, lack of access to healthcare, education, water, food, housing, and the consequences of environmental degradation and climate change; others are forced to flee persecution and conflicts.

ICC Office of the Prosecutor | Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage for consultation - ICC Office of the Prosecutor (International Criminal Court, 2021)
Today, 23 March 2021, the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court ("ICC" or the "Court''), published a draft Policy on Cultural Heritage for consultation and comments by States Parties to the Rome Statute, civil society, and the wider community of stakeholders.The development of this Policy is in line with the Office of the Prosecutor's Strategic Plan to pay particular attention to crimes against and affecting cultural heritage and the commitment of the Office to systematically investigate and prosecute such crimes. "Cultural heritage is the embodiment of the continuity of the human story, a celebration of identity, our commonality and the richness of our diversity. We all have a duty to protect cultural heritage," stated Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda in contextualising this policy initiative. The draft Policy on Cultural Heritage is the manifestation of these commitments within the framework of the Rome Statute.Building on good practices and experiences of the Office in, inter alia, the Al-Mahdi case, the envisaged Policy will further guide the Office in addressing international crimes against cultural heritage within the Court's legal framework, raise greater awareness about the importance of the issue, and seek to close the impunity gap, including through positive complementarity with national jurisdictions, and maximize impact through collaboration with a wide network of partners and relevant actors. The draft Policy is based on the Rome Statute and other regulatory instruments of the Court, as well as applicable treaties, and the principles and rules of international law. It also draws on relevant international jurisprudence.The policy formulation and drafting process to date has been a consultative one. Initial round table consultations took place with a group of external experts, including experts from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ("UNESCO"), in 2017. The Office has enjoyed close collaboration with UNESCO, and is further consulting this specialised agency of the United Nations also in this round of consultations. The consultations carried out to date have been important to better understand the various angles from which the work of the Office can play a role in the protection of cultural heritage and have assisted the policy formulation process.The Office is of the view that external consultations on its policies and working methods are helpful to the ends of transparency and predictability. Wider external consultation is also important in ensuring that the Office ultimately adopts a policy that is comprehensive and thoroughly considered. The Office therefore welcomes and encourages comments on the draft Policy. Comments can be sent to: OTPLegalAdvisorySection@icc-cpi.int, by Friday, 16 April 2021, midnight (CET). All input received by this deadline will be carefully considered in the internal review and revision process. The Office is grateful for the interest and support of the Rome Statute community for its activities and initiatives. Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage The Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC conducts independent and impartial preliminary examinations, investigations and prosecutions of the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression. Since 2003, the Office has been conducting investigations in multiple situations within the ICC's jurisdiction, namely in Uganda; the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Darfur, Sudan; the Central African Republic (two distinct situations); Kenya; Libya; Côte d'Ivoire; Mali; Georgia, Burundi; Bangladesh/Myanmar, Afghanistan (subject to a pending article 18 deferral request) and Palestine. The Office is also currently conducting preliminary examinations relating to the situations in Bolivia; Colombia; Guinea; the Philippines; and Venezuela (I and II); and has recently completed its preliminary examinations of the situations in Ukraine and Nigeria, which are pending requests to seek authorisation to proceed to investigation.

OHCHR | Call for inputs for a thematic study by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances on “new technologies and enforced disappearances” - OHCHR Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (OHCHR, 2023)
Background At its 125th session, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (hereinafter, ‘the Working Group’) announced its intention to conduct a thematic study on the issue of new technologies and enforced disappearances.

OHCHR | Call for input: Comprehensive report on “Importance of casualty recording for the promotion and protection of human rights.” - OHCHR (OHCHR, 2023)
Background In resolution 50/11, the Human Rights Council requested the High Commissioner “to prepare, in consultation with all States, relevant United Nations entities, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and national human rights institutions, a comprehensive report on the impact of casualty recording on the promotion and protection of human rights, including relevant practices, in particular the role of casualty recording in upholding and fulfilling the rights of victims of armed conflict, post-conflict situations

OHCHR | Call for input 53rd session of the Human Rights Council - Combating glorification of Nazism, neo-Nazism and other practices that contribute to fuelling contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance - OHCHR Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance (OHCHR, 2023)
Background Since 2012, the General Assembly has adopted annual resolutions mandating the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance to prepare two reports per year, one to the Human Rights Council and one to the General Assembly, on the implementation of General Assembly resolutions on combating glorification of Nazism, neo-Nazism and other practices that contribute to fuelling contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance.

OHCHR | Call for input on The use of technology in facilitating and preventing contemporary forms of slavery - OHCHR Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and its consequences (OHCHR, 2023)
Objectives of the report The Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, wishes to focus his next thematic report to the General Assembly on “the use of technology in facilitating and preventing contemporary forms of slavery”.

OHCHR | Call for comments on the draft general comment on children’s rights and the environment with a special focus on climate change - OHCHR Committee on the Rights of the Child (OHCHR, 2023)
The Committee on the Rights of the Child is currently drafting a general comment on children’s rights and the environment with a special focus on climate change.

OHCHR | Call for inputs on rights of the child and inclusive social protection - OHCHR (OHCHR, 2023)
Background Inclusive social protection is an important and timely issue affecting the respect, protection, and fulfilment of the rights of the child around the world.

ICA SAHR – A Legacy of the DDR: The Stasi Records Archive - Dagmar Hovestädt - ICA International Council on Archives (2023)
Dagmar Hovestädt, head of outreach and research at the Stasi Records Archive at the Federal Archives in Germany presents A Legacy of the DDR: The Stasi Records Archive. Dagmar Hovestädt was the spokeswoman of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records (BStU) from 2011 to 2021. Currently she heads the department outreach and research at the Stasi Records Archive at the Federal Archives in Germany. As part of her duties, she implements strategy on continued research into the Stasi records as well as on public education, exhibitions, events and the development of the historic site of the Ministry for State Security into a "Campus for Democracy". She is part of an initiative to form an international human rights archive network and is speaking and writing on the role of archives in transitional justice. She received a master’s degree in communication and political science from the Berlin Free University in 1991, after which she worked as a journalist in Berlin from 1989 to 1999 and for German media from the USA from 2000 to 2011. As a direct result of the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 the records of the Ministry for State Security, the secret police in the service of the East German communist party SED, were made available to the public, to address the injustices of the communist past in the united Germany. Unlike many other Eastern European countries, the unique post-conflict situation of the unification of the two Germanys allowed for immediate access to these records in support of many transitional justice mechanisms in dealing with the past. This talk will present the special conditions of the German process, the effects upon the role of the archive, and its future potential. After 30 years of active participation in shaping the dialogue about the past, the Stasi Records Archive now part of the Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv) seems poised for a continuing role in the safeguarding of democracy and human rights for the coming generations.

ICA SAHR – Les Lieux de Sépulture Non-Marqués des Pensionnats Indiens du Canada - Raymond Frogner - ICA International Council on Archives (2023)
Raymond Frogner, responsable des archives au Centre national pour la vérité et la réconciliation de l’Université du Manitoba présente Les Lieux de Sépulture Non-Marqués des Pensionnats Indiens du Canada. Cette intervention présentera certaines des sources archivistiques référencées lors de l'enquête sur les lieux de sépulture non marqués situés à proximité des pensionnats autochtones au Canada. Cette recherche est confrontée à de nombreux défis, notamment le caractère fragmentaire des sources documentaires, le flou des compétences juridiques et les difficultés rencontrées par les communautés autochtones pour obtenir la vérité. Raymond Frogner est responsable des archives au Centre national pour la vérité et la réconciliation de l’Université du Manitoba et membre du Comité consultatif national sur les enfants disparus des pensionnats et les sépultures non marquées. Il est également coprésident du groupe d’experts du Conseil international des archives sur les affaires autochtones et l'auteur principal de la Déclaration de l'ICA en 2019 de Tandanya/Adélaïde concernant l'autodétermination et les archives autochtones. Il a été auparavant responsable des archives privées à l'Université d'Alberta où il a enseigné sur les archives autochtones, et responsable des archives privées, principalement autochtones, au musée royal de la Colombie-Britannique. En 2020, il a été nommé Fellow de l'Association des archivistes canadiens.

ICA SAHR – El Uso de los Archivos por la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación de Perú - Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz, Profesora Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Perú - El Uso de los Archivos por la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación de Perú La utilización de los archivos en la tarea de reconstrucción de nuestra historia reciente de violaciones de derechos humanos ha sido puesta de relevancia a través del trabajo realizado por la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR). Su Unidad de Documentación localizó y recopiló información bibliográfica y documental en instituciones públicas y privadas con el fin de que fueran utilizadas por diferentes áreas de la CVR en su investigación sobre las causas y consecuencias del conflicto armado interno en el Perú entre 1980 y 2000. El trabajo realizado por la UD ha sido extremadamente relevante y de la mayor importancia y se ha centrado, desde el principio, en la organización y descripción de los fondos documentales recogidos a lo largo del tiempo por las diferentes áreas de la CVR. Estos fondos fueron posteriormente transferidos a la Oficina de la Defensoría del Pueblo de Perú, que asumió la responsabilidad de preservarlos y ponerlos a disposición de las instituciones encargadas de implementar las recomendaciones contenidas en el Informe Final de la CVR, informe que ha sido esencial para la administración de justicia, las reparaciones y el fortalecimiento de la memoria histórica y social del Perú. Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz es una historiadora peruana egresada de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), donde actualmente es profesora del Departamento de Historia de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. De 1998 a 2002 trabajó en el Archivo General de la Nación. Fue miembro de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación del Perú de 2002 a 2003 y trabajó en la Defensoría del Pueblo de 2004 a 2012. Ha sido consultora del Lugar de Memoria, Tolerancia e Inclusión Social (LUM), ha asistido a seminarios, talleres y coloquios en varios países de Europa y América y participado en diversos intercambios colaborativos sobre preservación de la memoria y archivos.

ICA SAHR – The Rwanda Gacaca Archive - Peter Horsman - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Peter Horsman, Professor Emeriti – University of Amsterdam presents Documenting Genocide Justice: The Rwanda Gacaca Archive Peter Horseman previously worked with the Netherlands Archives School, Municipal Archives of Dordrecht, and the National Archives of the Netherlands. Currently, he is active as a consultant, mostly in the field of (electronic) records and archives management, and digital preservation (both for public and private organizations). He is currently involved in a data transformation project, providing access to the archives of the genocide courts in Rwanda, for the Netherlands Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (NIOD). Between 2002 and 2012, over 12,000 of Rwanda state-supervised community courts judged the alleged perpetrators of the 1994 genocide against an estimated 800,000 Tutsis by government forces, militia and Hutu civilians. The so called Gacaca Archive contains the files created before, during and after the reported 1,958,634 cases tried through these courts. Altogether, the Gacaca Archive comprises one of the world’s largest repositories on transitional justice. Gacaca refers to ‘a bed of soft green grass’ on which local Rwandan communities traditionally gathered to settle disputes between families or community members. This Gacaca juridical system, abandoned in the 1950s was reintroduced but replaced by the modernized, professionalized and centralized Inkiko Gacaca (Gacaca jurisdictions) in the early 2000s, specifically designed to deal with genocide related cases. The Gacaca Archive, about 6 linear kilometers of shelves, has been digitized, and is currently being indexed to make it accessible for both lawyers, general public, and scholars.

ICA SAHR – Mapeo del Cambio Climático para Proteger los Archivos - Claudio Ogass Bilbao - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Oradores: Claudio Ogass Bilbao, Estudiante de Doctorado en Archivos y Gestión Documental de la Universidad de Liverpool , y Francisco González Villanueva, Geólogo de la Universidad de Chile Mapeo del Cambio Climático para Proteger los Archivos El objetivo de esta presentación es compartir una metodología en construcción para identificar los potenciales riesgos provocados por el cambio climático que amenazan la sostenibilidad y el contenido de los archivos en diferentes partes del mundo, basándonos en las experiencias y aprendizajes de nuestro trabajo de mapeo y georreferenciación en dos ciudades latinoamericanas: Río de Janeiro de Brasil y Santiago de Chile. Si bien los resultados preliminares muestran que menos de un 2% están ubicados en zonas geográficas peligrosas, pretendemos compartir el proceso de nuestra investigación con la finalidad de que más archiveros tomen conciencia de la importancia de este tema en la planificación de las tareas internas de sus instituciones y, a su vez, elaboren planes de emergencia para mitigar posibles efectos negativos. Finalmente, nos interesa estimular más estudios de este tipo para configurar una respuesta multinacional a este problema. —- Speakers: Claudio Ogass Bilbao, PhD student in Archives and Records Management at the University of Liverpool, and Francisco González Villanueva, geologist from the University of Chile Mapping Climate Change to Protect Archives The objective of this presentation is to share a methodology under construction to identify the potential risks caused by climate change that threaten the sustainability and content of archives in different parts of the world, based on the experiences and learning from our mapping and georeferencing work in two Latin American cities: Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and Santiago in Chile. Although the preliminary results show that less than 2% are located in dangerous geographical areas, we intend to share the process of our research with the aim that more archivists become aware of the importance of this issue in the planning of the internal tasks of their archivists, institutions and, in turn, develop emergency plans to mitigate possible negative effects. Finally, we are interested in stimulating more studies of this type to configure a multinational response to this problem. —- Intervenants: Claudio Ogass Bilbao, doctorant en Archives and Records Management à l’Université de Liverpool, et Francisco González Villanueva, géologue de l’Université du Chili Cartographie du Changement Climatique pour Protéger les Archives L’objectif de cette présentation consiste à partager une méthodologie en construction afin d’identifier les risques potentiels qui sont provoqués par le changement climatique et qui menacent la pérennité et le contenu des archives dans différentes parties du monde. Cette étude se fonde sur les expériences et les apprentissages du travail de cartographie et de géoréférencement que nous avons mené sur deux ville latino-américaines, Rio de Janeiro et Santiago du Chili. Même si les résultats montrent que moins de 2% des terres se situent dans des zones dangereuses, nous aspirons à partager les avancées de notre enquête dans le but de voir davantage d’archivistes prendre conscience de l’importance de cette question dans l’organisation des tâches propres à leurs institutions et de faire en sorte que, à leur tour, ils élaborent des plans d’urgence pour atténuer les éventuels effets négatifs d’un tel phénomène. Finalement, nous souhaitons favoriser d’autres études de ce genre pour construire une réponse multinationale à ce problème.

ICA SAHR – L’accès aux archives en France - Gilles Manceron - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Gilles Manceron, Historien spécialiste du colonialisme français L’accès aux archives en France : entre les principes républicains et le poids de l’Etat, des difficultés persistent. Lors de la Révolution française, le droit des citoyens à consulter les archives publiques a été proclamé, mais les différents régimes qui ont suivi ont eu tendance à considérer celles-ci comme leur propriété et à entraver cet accès. Il faut attendre les lois de 1979 et de 2008 pour que les délais de consultation des archives publiques soient précisés et raccourcis. Mais les archives concernant certaines périodes sensibles de l’histoire française sont plus difficiles à consulter. Celles de 1940 à 1944 où des autorités françaises ont collaboré avec l’occupant nazi ont été rendues entièrement accessibles en 2015. Mais des obstacles persistent pour consulter celles de la période des guerres d’Indochine et d’Algérie. – Speaker: Gilles Manceron, Historian specializing in French colonialism Access to archives in France: between republican principles and the weight of the state, difficulties persist. During the French Revolution, the right of citizens to consult public archives was proclaimed, but the various regimes which followed tended to regard them as their property and to obstruct this access. It was not until the laws of 1979 and 2008 that the time limits for consulting public archives were clarified and shortened. But the archives relating to certain sensitive periods in French history are more difficult to access. Those from 1940 to 1944 when the French authorities collaborated with the Nazi occupier were made fully accessible in 2015. But obstacles persist to consult those from the period of the wars in Indochina and Algeria. – Orador: Gilles Manceron, historiador especializado en el colonialismo francés Durante la Revolución Francesa, se proclamó el derecho de los ciudadanos a consultar los archivos públicos, pero los diversos regímenes que siguieron tendieron a considerarlos como de su propiedad y a obstruir este acceso. No fue hasta las leyes de 1979 y 2008 que se aclararon y acortaron los plazos para la consulta de archivos públicos. Pero los archivos relacionados con ciertos períodos sensibles de la historia francesa son más difíciles de consultar. Los de 1940 a 1944, en los que las autoridades francesas colaboraron con el ocupante nazi, se hicieron plenamente accesibles en 2015. Pero persisten obstáculos para consultar los del período de las guerras de Indochina y Argelia.

ICA SAHR – Italian Condor Trials - Giulia Barrera - ICA International Council on Archives (2021)
Giulia Barrera Operation Condor was a secret, illegal cooperation agreement among Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay in 1975 to track down and eliminate political opponents who had taken refuge abroad. After the 1973 coups in Chile and Uruguay, thousands of opponents from these countries fled to Argentina, which already hosted a wide community of Paraguayan refuges; in the following years, thousands of Argentinians took refuge abroad as well. Due to the Condor system of cooperation, once abroad political opponents still were not safe from being forcibly disappeared at the hands of intelligence operatives of their own countries: hundreds of them, in fact, were tracked down and killed. A few of them had Italian citizenship. During the past decade, Italy tried military personnel who, as part of Operation Condor were responsible for “disappearing” and killing Italian citizens, and convicted 11 Uruguayans and three Chileans. Giulia Barrera testified at this trial, using archival documents to provide evidence of the functioning of “Condor.” Join us as Dr. Barrera describes the role of archival documents in the Italian Condor trial.

ICA SAHR – Tunisian Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Adel Maizi - ICA International Council on Archives (2021)
Adel Maizi – Archivist and Past President for the IVD’s Commission for the Preservation of Memory Presentation: The Truth and Dignity Commission (Instance Vérité et Dignité, IVD) of Tunisia is the only truth commission that was formed following the Arab Spring revolutions, which swept across the Arab region in 2011. After five years of work, 63,000 complaints of violations, tens of thousands of interviews and 12 televised public hearings, the Commission released its final report in March 2019.

ICA SAHR – South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Graham Dominy - ICA International Council on Archives (2021)
Graham Dominy, Former National Archivist of South Africa Intertwined Challenges: Competing Interests in the Archiving and Accessing of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission Record

Clarification Commission in Guatemala - Tomuschat, Christian (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La Isla: Archives of a Tragedy - Stelzner, Uli (2009)
In July 2005 a huge explosion in the Guatemalan Capital leads to the discovery of the historic archive of the National Police. On the grounds of the today's Police Academy used to be located the island, the secret prison of notori...
IMDb ID: tt1590791 event-location: Germany, Guatemala
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

El material humano - Rosa, Rodrigo Rey (Alfaguara, 2017)
Un maestro extraordinario de la fusión entre periodismo y literatura. «El material humano no necesita de retórica alguna, ni de frases más largas que una línea para emocionar al lector: le basta la verdad honesta de la que parte.»Javier Aparicio Maydeu, Babelia «Aunque no lo parezca, aunque no quiera parecerlo, ésta es una obra de ficción.» Durante el otoño de 2005, Rodrigo Rey Rosa visitó a diario el Gabinete de Identificación del recién descubierto archivo secreto de la Policía Nacional de Guatemala: «Más allá de la información que esperaba obtener en ese laberinto de millones de legajos policíacos acumulados durante más de un siglo y conservados por azar, después de aquella visita inicial las circunstancias y el ambiente del Archivo de La Isla habían comenzado a parecerme novelescos, y acaso aun novelables. Una especie de microcaos cuya relación podría servir de coda para la singular danza macabra de nuestro último siglo». De los cuadernos escritos a lo largo de esas visitas surge El material humano, una novela sobrecogedora en la que la siniestra documentación de la represión en su país sirve al autor de telón de fondo para narrar su propia historia. Reseñas:«Este es uno de los mejores libros de Rey Rosa. La prosa sobria y tan bien respirada que le conocemos ahora convive con el estilo polvoriento de las fichas policiales.»Alejandro Zambra, La Tercera «Una obra híbrida, sorprendente, magníficamente construida. [...] Rey Rosa despliega hilos narrativos con admirable maestría, proponiéndonos varios niveles de lectura. Nos prende en sus redes y ya no nos suelta hasta la última página.»Marc Sagaert, Les Lettres françaises «La novela de Rey Rosa navega con éxito en la delgada línea roja que separa la realidad de la ficción, utilizando recursos de ambos territorios para construir un interesante reflejo de la vida cotidiana en un país en el que la violencia institucional y la impunidad establecida colocan en el terreno de la pesadilla.»Enrique Benítez, La Opinión de Málaga «Rodrigo Rey Rosa ha hecho de la sobriedad un efecto de estilo con el que está edificando una de las más notables trayectorias literarias de la literatura latinoamericana.»Ricardo Baixeras, El Periódico de Catalunya «El material humano no es una novela árida sino amena que, además de sobrecoger, engancha al lector.»Iñaki Ezquerra, El Correo «Esta novela de Rodrigo Rey Rosa es -me parece- la más lograda ficción relacionada con la historia reciente de nuestro país. [...] Envidiable capacidad de síntesis. Aproximación minimalista en la descripción. Un novelista como pocos.»Javier Payeras, Siglo XXI (Guatemala)ENGLISH DESCRIPTIONAn extraordinary master at blending journalism and literature. "Human Matter does not need any rhetoric, or phrases any longer than one line to excite the reader: the honest truth that it exudes is just enough." Javier Aparicio Maydeu, Babelia "Although it may not seem so, this is a work of fiction." During the fall of 2005, Rodrigo Rey Rosa visited the Identification Office of the Guatemalan National Police’s newly discovered secret archives on a daily basis: "Far beyond the information I hoped to obtain from that maze of millions of police records accumulated for over a century, and after that initial visit, circumstances and its ambiance had begun to appear novelistic. A kind of small contained chaos which could serve as an ending for the macabre dance that was our last century ». From the notes taken throughout these visits, comes Human Matter, an overwhelming novel in which the sinister documentation of his country’s repression serves the author as the backdrop to tell his own story.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

How Trump-Fed Conspiracy Theories About Migrant Caravan Intersect With Deadly Hatred - Peters, Jeremy W. (The New York Times, 2018)
In the final days before the election, President Trump and Republicans are trying again to highlight the caravan, which he called “an invasion of our country.”
Keywords: Anti-Semitism; Conservatism (US Politics); Illegal Immigration; Immigration and Emigration; Midterm Elections (2018); News and News Media; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Republican Party; Rumors and Misinformation; Soros; George; Trump; Donald J; United States Politics and Government

Against the Odds: CICIG in Guatemala - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Refworld, 2016)
Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. The information has been carefully selected and compiled from UNHCR's global network of field offices, Governments, international, regional and non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and judicial bodies.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Analysis | Why some Latin American countries are rushing to open Jerusalem embassies, too - Noack, Rick (Washington Post, 2021)
It's mostly about currying favor with the United States, not Israel.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Trump’s agreements in Central America are dismantling the asylum system as we know it - Narea, Nicole (Vox, 2019)
The administration has started sending migrants back to Guatemala.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Guatemala Declares War on History - Lynch, Colum (Foreign Policy, 2019)
Looking for help on immigration, the Trump administration is silent in the face of Guatemala’s effort to seal its dirty war archive.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Secrets in Guatemala’s Bones - Jones, Maggie (The New York Times, 2016)
In the face of death threats, a forensic anthropologist has spent two decades exhuming the victims of a “dirty” civil war. Now his work might help bring justice for their murders.
Keywords: Archaeology and Anthropology; Forensic Science; Guatemala; Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation; Human Rights and Human Rights Violations; Jones; Maggie; Peccerelli; Fredy (1971- ); References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Rios Montt; Efrain; War Crimes; Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity

El general volvió de su apacible retiro - Valdizán, Alejandra Gutiérrez (Plaza Pública, 2016)
Desde hacía años la vida del general retirado era tranquila, muy tranquila. El hombre que había ocupado uno de los más altos cargos de la jerarquía militar, Jefe del Estado Mayor General del Ejército (1981-1982), el hombre que estuvo en el frente de batalla, aquel fibroso militar formado “para vencer” en la escuela de Saint Cyr en Francia, el paracaidista, el combatiente que diseñó la estrategia contrainsurgente, el incansable, ahora pasaba sus horas en “Villa Elena”, la casona asentada en un prado verde, alejado del bullicio, a la vera de la carretera a Carchá, en su natal Alta Verapaz.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

On or off the record? Detecting patterns of silence about death in Guatemala’s National Police Archive - Guberek, Tamy; Hedstrom, Margaret (Archival Science, 2017)
This paper investigates how the production of police records was linked to the policies of repression and violence during Guatemala’s civil war. We provide empirical evidence from the Historical Archive of the Guatemalan National Police that the police used language, terminology and codes to record deaths in ways that produced silences about the level of violence during the height of repressive military rule. Using a dataset derived from a statistically valid sample of police records together with qualitative archival analysis, we find evidence of profound changes in the terminology used to record and report on deaths—changes that follow a pattern consistent with the policies of information control and concealment of the three different military regimes that ruled Guatemala between 1978 and 1985. We argue that researchers will need to consider the silences created through the selective use of terminology in documents when using archives to produce historical knowledge. Detecting and intercepting silence will be especially important as state records are increasingly sought in service of ongoing pursuits for truth and justice about past atrocities.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Art Of Political Murder: Who Killed the Bishop? - Goldman, Francisco (Grove Press, 2008)
Bishop Juan Gerardi, Guatemala’s leading human rights activist, was bludgeoned to death in his garage on a Sunday night in 1998, two days after the presentation of a groundbreaking church-sponsored report implicating the military in the murders and disappearances of some two hundred thousand civilians. Realizing that it could not rely on police investigators or the legal system to solve the murder, the church formed its own investigative team, a group of secular young men in their twenties who called themselves Los Intocables (the Untouchables). Known in Guatemala as “The Crime of the Century,” the Bishop Gerardi murder case, with its unexpectedly outlandish scenarios and sensational developments, confounded observers and generated extraordinary controversy. In his first nonfiction book, acclaimed novelist Francisco Goldman has spoken to witnesses no other reporter has reached, and observed firsthand some of the most crucial developments in the case. Now he has produced The Art of Political Murder, a tense and astonishing true detective story that opens a window on the new Latin American reality of mara youth gangs and organized crime, and tells the story of a remarkable group of engaging, courageous young people, and of their remarkable fight for justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Why Guatemala’s Anti-Corruption Commission Faces a New Wave of Efforts to Derail It - Doyle, Kate; Oglesby, Elizabeth (World Politics Review, 2018)
A new attorney general took office in Guatemala last week amid sharp tensions over the role of a United Nations-backed anti-corruption commission that has helped bring high-profile charges against some of the country’s most powerful politicians. Maria Consuelo Porras, a former substitute judge for Guatemala’s Constitutional Court, will run the country’s Public Ministry and direct its criminal, human rights and anti-corruption investigations. The outgoing attorney general, Thelma Aldana, and her predecessor, Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey, showed impressive leadership and independence in investigating and prosecuting these sorts of cases. Now their enemies want those advances reversed. Across Central America, public [...]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Guatemala Police Archive under Threat - National Security Archive (National Security Archive, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Deciphering the archives of Guatemala's dirty war - Doyle, Kate (Harper’s Magazine, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Ríos Montt: La muerte y la impunidad llegan juntas - Coronado, Elsa; Pradilla, Alberto (Plaza Pública, 2018)
“Lo más importante para nosotros es que Ríos Montt se murió en manos de la justicia, o sea, huyendo de la justicia. Y logramos la sentencia y la desclasificación de los documentos militares y ese es un paso muy importante”, afirma Antonio Caba, sobreviviente de la masacre de la aldea Ilom, en Chajul, Quiché. Tenía once años cuando el Ejército arrasó con todo. Años más tarde, encontró en una exhumación los restos de sus familiares. Vio sus huesos, reconoció la ropa, recordó el dolor del pasado y cuando los volvió a enterrar sintió la necesidad de justicia.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La condena de un militar motivó la salida del director del Archivo de Guatemala - Colombia 2020 (ELESPECTADOR.COM, 2018)
Por el caso de de la familia Molina Theissen, en el que los archivos fueron puebas determinantes, condenaron a 58 años de cárcel al ...
Section: Paz y Memoria
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Four Retired Senior Military Officers Found Guilty in Molina Theissen Case - Burt, Jo-Marie; Paulo, Estrada (International Justice Monitor, 2018)
Four retired senior members of the Guatemalan military—including two high-ranking officers previously thought to be untouchable, former Army Chief of Staff Benedicto Lucas García and former chief of military intelligence Manuel Callejas y Callejas—were convicted today in Guatemala of involvement in
Section: Guatemala Trials
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La conspiración y persecución del Estado contra la familia Molina Theissen - Ramón, Simón Antonio (Prensa Comunitaria, 2018)
Por Simón Antonio Ramón Cinco militares del alto mando del ejército y la G-2 de 1981 enfrentan juicio oral y público por la detención clandestina y violación sexual contra Emma Guadalupe Molina Theissen y la desaparición forzada de su hermano Marco Antonio. Estos hechos ocurrieron del 27 de septiembre al 6 de octubre 1981, por ... <a title="La conspiración y persecución del Estado contra la familia Molina Theissen" class="read-more" href="https://prensacomunitaria.org/2018/05/la-conspiracion-y-persecucion-del-estado-contra-la-familia-molina-theissen/" aria-label="More on La conspiración y persecución del Estado contra la familia Molina Theissen">Read more
Section: Guatemala
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Mauricio Macri: "Conmigo se acaban los curros en derechos humanos" - Rosemberg, Jaime (LA NACION, 2014)
El líder de Pro promete bajar la inflación y acepta endeudarse "si es para crecer"
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Causa DIPPBA, dossier: la inteligencia fue terrorismo de estado - andar - Agencia de noticias (Andar, 2015)
Las leyes, decretos y documentos de la ex DIPPBA permiten entender cómo actuaron durante la dictadura cívico militar. El terrorismo de Estado no habría sido posible sin los servicios de inteligenci…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justicia por los crímenes de la dictadura - Varsky, Carolina; Barbuto, Valeria; Martínez, Diego; Parellada, Julieta (Derechos humanos en Argentina, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development - Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2012)
This is the first annual report submitted to the Human Rights Council by the first Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of nonrecurrence, Pablo de Greiff.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Secretos, reservados y confidenciales: la producción de información de las fuerzas armadas y de seguridad como fuente para la historiografía - Nazar, Mariana (Estudios Sociales del Estado, 2018)
Number: 7
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archivos, memoria y derechos: reflexiones en torno al caso argentino - Nazar, Mariana (Comma, 2010)
La problemática relacionada con la función del Archivo como garante de derechos ha cobrado una gran relevancia social a partir de los reclamos relacionados con violaciones a los derechos humanos. En este trabajo se aborda el tema desde el análisis de
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Las fotos sacadas de la ESMA por Victor Basterra en el Museo de Arte y Memoria de La Plata: el lugar de la imagen en los trabajos de la memoria de la última dictadura militar argentina: Un estudio de caso - Larralde Armas, Florencia (Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios en Diseño y Comunicación. Ensayos, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A 10 años de la apertura del Archivo de la DIPPBA. First Panel: Presentación de los instrumentos de descripción del fondo documental de la ex DIPPBA - Lanteri, Magdalena; Nazar, Mariana (Aletheia, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

From the Ashes of History Loss and Recovery of Archives and Libraries in Modern Latin America - Aguirre, Carlos; Villa-Flores, Javier (The University of North Carolina Press, 2015)
The formation, organization, and accessibility of archives and libraries are critical for the production of historical narratives. They contain the materials...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

El testimonio en una memoria a ciudadana: el informe Nunca Más - Crenzel, Emilio (Estudios: Centro d Estudios Avanzados, 2005)
En este articulo se desarrollará una descripción y análisis delpapel y el lugar que asumen los testimonios que reproduce el informe Nunca Más elaborado por la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas en 1984 en torno a las desapariciones.Se intentará describir y analizar su contenido y forma, el tono deestas voces, las intervenciones que realiza la CONADEP sobre los mismos y las continuidades y rupturas que presentan con respecto al lugar que ocuparon en los discursos previos acerca de la desaparición de personas.
Section: Estudios: Centro d Estudios Avanzados
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Nunca más - Informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas. Conmemorativa a 40 años del golpe de Estado de 1976 - Comisión Nacional Sobre La Des (Conadep) (Eudeba, 2016)
Nunca más por (CONADEP), Comisión Nacional s. ISBN: 9789502325705 - Tema: DERECHOS HUMANOS - Editorial: EUDEBA - La Conadep fue creada por el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional en diciembre de 1983 con el o..Eudeba - Av Rivadavia 1573, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tel: +54 11 4383 8025 Mail: pedidos@eudeba.com.ar
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

UNA ESTRUCTURA JERÁRQUICA CONSERVADORA SE AGGIORNA: EL PROYECTO DE MODERNIZACIÓN DE LOS ARCHIVOS DEL ÁREA DE LA DEFENSA DEL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA - Cesareo, Marina (XIV Jornadas Interescuelas/Departamentos de Historia. Departamento de Historia de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza., 2013)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Memoria en construcción: el debate sobre la ESMA - Brodsky, Marcelo (La Marca editora, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

PROMOVENDO A JUSTIÇA TRANSICIONAL EM SOCIEDADES PÓS-CONFLITO - van Zyl, Paul (Revista de Anistia Política e Justiça de Transição, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A Memória, a História, o Esquecimento - Ricoeur, Paul (Editora da Unicamp, 2018)
"Esta obra comporta três partes nitidamente delimitadas pelo tema e pelo método. A primeira, que enfoca a memória e os fenômenos mnemônicos, está sob a égide da fenomenologia, no sentido husserliano do termo. A segunda, dedicada à história, procede de uma epistemologia das ciências históricas. A terceira, que culmina numa meditação sobre o esquecimento, enquadra-se numa hermenêutica da condição histórica dos seres humanos que somos. Mas essas três partes não constituem três livros. Embora os três mastros sustentem velames entrelaçados, mas distintos, eles pertencem à mesma embarcação, destinada a uma só e única navegação. De fato, uma problemática comum corre através da fenomenologia da memória, da epistemologia da história e da hermenêutica da condição histórica: a da representação do passado. Perturba-me o inquietante espetáculo que apresentam o excesso de memória aqui, o excesso de esquecimento acolá, sem falar da influência das comemorações e dos erros de memória - e de esquecimento. A idéia de uma política da justa memória é, sob esse aspecto, um de meus temas cívicos confessos." - Paul Ricœur
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justiça de Transição. Contornos do Conceito - Quinalha, Renan Honório (Outras Expressões, 2013)
"Um dos aspectos mais interessantes de sua elaboração é chamar a atenção para um ponto aparentemente óbvio, porém pouco problematizado: qual é, afinal, o vínculo entre o conceito de ´justiça de transição´ e aquilo que, anos atrás, a ciência política acadêmica chamou de ´transição´, isto é, os processos de passagem de regimes autoritários para regimes democráticos, ocorridos mais ou menos a partir de meados dos anos 1970 em diversas partes do mundo, inclusive na América Latina e no Brasil?" (Cícero Araújo, Professor Titular de Ciência Política da USP)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Direito, Constituicao E Transicao Democratica No Brasil - Genro, Tarso (FRANCIS, 2010)
Tarso Genro escreveu os textos que compõem esse livro quando Ministro da Justiça. Neles aborda temas centrais pertinentes e necessários para a compreensão do atual quadro de relações entre os diversos poderes institucionais, no contexto de um largo processo de transição político-democrática, iniciado em 1985 e cujos parâmetros estão consagrados na Constituição Federal de 1988. A partir de uma redemocratização, ainda marcada por profundas dependências de um passado oligárquico, a transição política e jurídica encontra-se incompleta. Muitas das definições constitucionais assumidas em 1988, das cláusulas pétreas à orientação para a regulamentação de relações entre povo e sociedade, não atingiram, ainda, um patamar compatível com os ideais de uma democracia por todos almejada. A economia modernizou-se, o Estado assumiu um papel crescentemente ativo, os interesses corporativos e dos mais amplos setores populares se organizaram; porém, o sistema que rege juridicamente essas relações e interesses não foi ainda plenamente implementado. Do olho do furacão, como Ministro da Justiça do presidente Lula, Tarso Genro enfrentou e refletiu criativamente sobre os dilemas cruciais dessa conjuntura de transição, onde, muitas vezes, os tribunais superiores, como o Supremo Tribunal Federal, assumem papéis e funções legislativas, onde o Presidente da República tem de negociar diretamente com os demais poderes e onde o poder legislativo tem de assumir sua morosidade diante das urgências das novas conjunturas causadas pela rápida mudança da sociedade e da economia diante das pressões populares. Tarso Genro não foge à luta e encara suas responsabilidades como membro do poder executivo e como pensador, já autor de numerosas obras de referência internacional.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A documentação rediviva: prolegômenos a uma (outra) filosofia da informação - Frohmann, Bernd (Revista Morpheus - Estudos Interdisciplinares em Memória Social, 2012)
Uma filosofia da informação fundamenta-se em uma filosofia da documentação. A concepção de Nunberg sobre o fenômeno da informação anuncia um deslocamento do foco na questão “O que é informação?” para uma investigação crítica das fontes e da legitimação da própria questão. As analogias entre a desconstrução que Wittgenstein faz das abordagens filosóficas ao significado e uma correspondente desconstrução das abordagens filosóficas à informação sugerem que como a informatividade de um documento depende de certos tipos de práticas a que este é submetido, e como a informação emerge como um efeito de tais práticas, as práticas documentárias são ontologicamente primordiais2 à informação. A informatividade dos documentos, portanto, encaminha-nos às propriedades das práticas documentárias. Tais propriedades encaixam-se em quatro categorias gerais: sua materialidade; seus lugares institucionais; os modos como são socialmente disciplinadas; e sua contingência histórica. Dois exemplos do alvorecer da ciência moderna, que contrastam as práticas documentárias escolásticas dos filósofos da natureza da Europa continental com as de seus pares na Inglaterra da época da Restauração, ilustram a riqueza dos fatores que devem ser levados em conta para compreender como os documentos se tornam informativos.
Number: 14
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Documento e poder: uma arqueologia da escrita - Freitas, Lidia Silva de (Revista Morpheus - Estudos Interdisciplinares em Memória Social, 2012)
Apresenta problematização e resultados parciais de estudo que se insere em debate em curso na Ciência da Informação, envolvendo a delimitação de seu objeto central: a informação – em suas variadas conceituações – ou o documento – em sua materialidade, da ordem da institucionalidade e gerador de efeitos sociais (Frohmann). A pesquisa, de cunho teórico- conceitual, testa o conceito/hipótese de modo de acreditação e distribuição social de saberes, fundado na divisão de Nora entre sociedades de memória e sociedades de história. Analisa a constituição, os funcionamentos e as representações imaginárias da escrita, como marco divisório e base das sociedades históricas – ou de arquivo – e fundamentando o efeito- documento em processos de legitimação, autoridade e regimes de verdade. o estudo busca as bases da persistência do documento nos processos dominantes de acreditação e distribuição social de saberes – e poderes – no ocidente, buscando contribuir, assim, para o adensamento desse relevante debate no campo. Apresenta os avanços de pesquisa obtidos pelos aportes teórico-conceituais da escola francesa da análise e teoria do discurso, que recoloca a dimensão material e histórica do sentido, rompendo com a ilusão da transparência da linguagem – fundamento do efeito-informação (evidência), mito fundador do campo informacional.
Number: 14
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Microfísica do poder - Foucault, Michel (Paz & Terra, 2021)
"Composta por textos escritos na década de 1970, Microfísica do poder foi elaborado por Foucault na perspectiva de construir resistências específicas aos variados dispositivos do poder. Microfísica do poder é uma coletânea de artigos, cursos, entrevistas e debates, em que Foucault analisa questões relacionadas à medicina, à psiquiatria, à geografia, à economia, mas também ao hospital, à prisão, à justiça, ao Estado, ao papel do intelectual, à sexualidade etc. Esses textos têm como tema central o poder nas sociedades modernas: sua configuração, sua difusão no corpo social, seu exercício em instituições, sua relação com a produção da verdade, as resistências que suscita. Além disso, eles explicam o método genealógico elaborado por Foucault para analisar como e por que os saberes se constituem a partir de práticas políticas e econômicas.Há três novidades principais nos textos desta coletânea: primeiro, rejeitar a identificação entre poder e aparelho de Estado, dando importância à rede de poderes moleculares que se expande por toda a sociedade; segundo, caracterizar o poder não apenas como repressivo, mas também como disciplinar, normalizador; terceiro, analisar o saber como peça de um dispositivo político que o produz e é intensificado por ele.Ao escrever esses textos, acreditando na eficácia das resistências específicas aos variados dispositivos do poder, Foucault desejou se insurgir contra a dominação burguesa que os próprios saberes sobre o homem ajudaram a criar e aperfeiçoar. Não será essa uma das razões do sucesso deste livro?Um compilado de analises gerais do grande filósofo Michel Foucault, Microfísica do poder reúne a partir de diversas peças cientificas análises e contextos essenciais para entender as dinâmicas de poder na sociedade e todas as suas nuances.“Onde há poder, ele se exerce. Ninguém é, propriamente falando, seu titular; e, no entanto, ele sempre se exerce em determinada direção, com uns de um lado e outros do outro; não se sabe ao certo quem o detém; mas se sabe quem não o possui.” - Michel Foucault "
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Arquivo, verdade e o proceso de transição democrática no Brasil: o legado da Comissão Nacional da Verdade para a ampliaçãoo da discusão epistemológica arquivística - Elias, Aluf Alba V. (Universidade de Brasília, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Brazil Truth Commission Releases Report - The National Security Archive (The National Security Archive, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Sobre o Conceito de História: Edição Crítica - Benjamin, Walter; Müller, Adalberto; Seligmann-Silva, Márcio (Alameda Editorial, 2020)
Oitenta anos depois da composição dessas teses impressiona a absoluta atualidade delas. A necessidade de se repaginar a história do ponto de vista dos vencidos é imperativa. Ela deve estar na base de qualquer projeto digno de um viver em comum que vise nos catapultar para fora desse nosso momento histórico de triunfo do neocolonialismo, do negacionismo da crise ambiental, da homofobia, da misoginia, do racismo, de fobia à política, à democracia e aos direitos humanos.Se revisionistas neofascistas estão galgando o poder hoje é porque também não soubemos nos aparelhar politicamente com uma história estruturada de modo forte o suficiente para resistir aos ataques negacionistas e memoricidas. O revisionismo fascista que quer glorificar ditaduras e torturadores exige uma resposta que se dá, antes de mais nada, no campo da guerra das imagens, para usar uma expressão do cineasta e videoartista Harun Farocki. Benjamin afirmou há oitenta anos que estávamos \perdendo essa batalha. Cabe a nós reverter este estado de coisas. Como lemos nas suas teses de 1940:“Articular o passado historicamente não significa conhecê-lo “como ele foi de fato”. Significa apoderar-se de uma recordação, tal como ela relampeja no instante de um perigo. Para o materialismo histórico, trata-se de capturar uma imagem do passado tal como ela, no instante do perigo, configura-se inesperadamente ao sujeito histórico. O perigo ameaça tanto a sobrevivência da tradição quanto os seus destinatários. Para ambos ele é um e o mesmo: entregar-se como ferramenta da classe dominante.Em cada época, deve-se tentar novamente liberar a tradição do conformismo, que está prestes a subjugá-la. Pois o Messias não vem apenas como Redentor, ele vem como o vencedor do Anticristo. Apenas tem o dom de atiçar no passado aquelas centelhas de esperança o historiógrafo atravessado por esta certeza: nem os mortos estarão em segurança se o inimigo vencer. E esse inimigo não tem cessado de vencer.”Márcio Seligmann-Silva
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

O que resta de Auschwitz: o arquivo e a testemunha - Agamben, Giorgio; Assmann, Selvino J. (Boitempo, 2008)
Como narrar o inenarrável ou testemunhar sobre algo que está além da compreensão humana? O que resta de Auschwitz, de Giorgio Agamben, procura, a partir de uma análise profunda do papel do testemunho como documento histórico e de seus limites enquanto relato pessoal, entender as dimensões da produção escrita dos sobreviventes do Holocausto nazista. Não se trata, portanto, de um livro sobre as circunstâncias materiais relacionadas ao maior campo de concentração de Hitler. O que resta de Auschwitz investiga as dificuldades do testemunho quando este envolve a perda de referenciais básicos num espaço marcado pela total ausência de normas, onde o esforço pela identificação de algo parecido com uma lógica de funcionamento não só se mostrava vão, como também poderia significar a não sobrevivência.O relato do escritor Primo Levi, sobrevivente de Auschwitz, é matéria-prima para a análise de Agamben. Levi se coloca como testemunha e condiciona sua sobrevivência à necessidade de contar essa história. Já os chamados 'muçulmanos' - prisioneiros que perderam sua condição de homens e foram reduzidos a cadáveres ambulantes - são os únicos que poderiam dar testemunho verdadeiro do terror, se já não estivessem privados da linguagem.Agamben coloca que o valor do testemunho está essencialmente no que lhe falta, no que não pode ser dito por homens que já não o são. Em suas palavras, 'Auschwitz marca o fim e a ruína de qualquer ética da dignidade e da adequação a uma norma. A vida nua, a que o homem foi reduzido'.A obra, que faz parte da coleção Estado de Sítio e traz apresentação de Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, recupera conceitos presentes nos anteriores Estado de Exceção e Homo Sacer. Trata-se de leitura fundamental, onde Auschwitz é apresentado como o espaço de uma experiência em que se fundem as fronteiras entre o humano e o inumano, a vida e a morte, colocando à prova a reflexão de nosso tempo, que mostra sua insuficiência por deixar aparecer, entre suas ruínas, o perfil incerto de uma nova ética.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Los sitios de la memoria: procesos sociales de la commemoración en el Perú - Reátegui, Félix; Instituto de Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (IDEHPUCP); Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (IDEHPUCP, 2010)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Retos y estrategias para una política pública de memoria: el proyecto Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social (LUM) - Ledgard, Denise; Hibbett, Alexandra; De la Jara, Blas (Cuaderno de Investigación N°7, Escuela de Gobierno y Políticas Públicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018)
A pesar de que la violencia política desatada por Sendero Luminoso y el Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru contra el Estado Peruano (1980-2000) marcó profundamente nuestra historia, las políticas públicas de memoria y conmemoración de estos años son aún incipientes. No sorprende que la concreción de un proyecto estatal como el Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social (LUM) en Lima, capital de la República peruana, tuviera que responder a distintos retos, políticos, técnicos, burocrático-administrativos y académicos. La presente investigación hace un recuento detallado del proceso de creación de esta política de memoria; sistematiza los retos a los que se enfrentó y explica las estrategias desplegadas en distintos momentos para lograr la ejecución del proyecto. Asimismo, argumenta que este proceso tuvo un impacto sobre la naturaleza de la institución y su muestra permanente. La investigación busca esclarecer este efecto, además de proveer un ejemplo de cómo este tipo de política se puede ejecutar en contextos de poco apoyo público y polarización de los actores.
Accepted: 2018-05-15T23:28:37Z
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Cada uno, un lugar de memoria: Fundamentos conceptuales del Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social - Pino, Ponciano Del; Agüero, José Carlos (LUM, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

No hay mañana sin ayer: batallas por la memoria y consolidación democrática en el Perú - Degregori, Carlos Iván; Portugal, Tamia; Salazar, Gabriel; Aroni, Renzo (IEP, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Los archivos de los derechos humanos en el Perú - Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz (Historizar el pasado vivo en América Latina, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Counting the Dead: The Culture and Politics of Human Rights Activism in Colombia - Tate, Winifred (University of California Press, 2007)
At a time when a global consensus on human rights standards seems to be emerging, this rich study steps back to explore how the idea of human rights is actually employed by activists and human rights professionals. Winifred Tate, an anthropologist and activist with extensive experience in Colombia, finds that radically different ideas about human rights have shaped three groups of human rights professionals working there–nongovernmental activists, state representatives, and military officers. Drawing from the life stories of high-profile activists, pioneering interviews with military officials, and research at the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva, Counting the Dead underscores the importance of analyzing and understanding human rights discourses, methodologies, and institutions within the context of broader cultural and political debates.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Pasado y presente de la violencia en Colombia | Daniel Ricardo Peñaranda Supelano | Universilibros - Sánchez, Gonzalo; Peñaranda, Ricardo (La Carreta Editores E.U., 2007)
📚 Durante los últimos veinte años Pasado y presente se convirtió en un referente de los estudios sobre La Violencia. Cuando aún no se hablaba entre
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Guerreros y campesinos. El despojo de la tierra en Colombia - Reyes, Alejandro (Norma, 2008)
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Number: 2
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; conflicto armado

Acceso a los archivos de inteligencia y contrainteligencia en el marco del posacuerdo - Ana María Ramírez Mourraille Vivian Newman Pont, Rodrigo Uprimny Yepes (Dejusticia, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Violencia y Política en Colombia: Elementos de Reflexió… - Pécaut, Daniel (Hombre Nuevo Editores, 2003)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Este libro constituye una compilación de algunos de los trabajos producidos por el profesor Pé…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Resumen del Acuerdo de Paz - Melo, Jorge Orlando (Revista de Economía Institucional, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justicia Transicional y Comisiones de la Verdad - Najar, Jorge Enrique Ibáñez (Berg Institute, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Tramitar el pasado: Archivos de derechos humanos y museología viva - Lopera, Marta Lucía Giraldo; Tamayo, Luis Carlos Toro (Universidad de Antioquia, 2018)
La visibilización del sufrimiento de los sobrevivientes de la guerra en el país y el énfasis en su capacidad de transformar el dolor en agencia y solidaridad son un aporte a la dignificación de la humanidad de las víctimas y la de sus familias. Tramitar el pasado: Archivos de derechos humanos y museología viva registra una experiencia que tiene como eje el archivo de la Asociación Caminos de Esperanza Madres de La Candelaria, la cual ha asumido el compromiso de denunciar y documentar las violaciones a los derechos humanos. El proceso de representación de este archivo, llevado a cabo mediante un lenguaje simbólico que trasciende la literalidad de los documentos, dio origen a elaboraciones y piezas que luego fueron el fundamento de la exposición Archivo Vivo. Memorias de Madres, con la que se propició el encuentro entre las memorias de las madres y la comunidad.Esta es una experiencia que puede ser emulada por otros movimientos que, desde la sociedad civil, luchan por sus derechos y por la transformación de las condiciones que han generado la violencia. Por su parte, para los diversos actores que desde la academia y la institucionalidad —en particular desde la museística— buscan formas de acompañar procesos comunitarios, este texto ofrece un modelo práctico, teóricamente sustentado.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La guerra escondida - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Política Pública de Archivos de Derechos Humanos, Memoria Histórica y Conflicto Armado - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica, 2017)
Libro Política Pública de Archivos de Derechos Humanos, Memoria Histórica y Conflicto Armado facebook twitter whatsapp Luego de la firma del acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno nacional y la guerrilla de las Farc, después de más de cinco décadas de conflicto armado interno, la sociedad colombiana y sus instituciones asisten a un momento histórico …
Section: Libros
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Memoria histórica en el ámbito territorial: orientaciones para autoridades territoriales - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica, 2020)
Libro Memoria histórica desde el ámbito territorial facebook twitter whatsapp El presente documento de orientaciones se concentra en los instrumentos contemplados por la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras (ley 1448 de 2011) referentes a la realización del derecho a la verdad, así como en aquellos relacionados con la reparación simbólica a través de …
Section: Libros
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

¡Basta ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (¡Basta ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad, 2012)
El informe recoge las reflexiones más sobresalientes tras siete años de investigación en distintas regiones del país y la publicación de 20 informes sobre casos específicos. Es una apuesta narrativa con la que el Grupo pretende visibilizar las voces de las víctimas en la construcción de un relato nacional sobre la historia del conflicto.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Protocolo de gestión documental de los archivos referidos a las graves y manifiestas violaciones a los derechos humanos, e infracciones al derecho internacional humanitario, ocurridas con ocasión del conflicto armado interno - Archivo General De La Nación; Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (CENTRO NACIONAL DE MEMORIA HISTÓRICA, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

My Life as a Spy: Investigations in a Secret Police File - Verdery, Katherine (Duke Univ Pr, 2018)
As Katherine Verdery observes, "There's nothing like reading your secret police file to make you wonder who you really are." In 1973 Verdery began her doctoral fieldwork in the Transylvanian region of Romania, ruled at the time by communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. She returned several times over the next twenty-five years, during which time the secret police–the Securitate–compiled a massive surveillance file on her. Reading through its 2,781 pages, she learned that she was "actually" a spy, a CIA agent, a Hungarian agitator, and a friend of dissidents: in short, an enemy of Romania. In My Life as a Spy she analyzes her file alongside her original field notes and conversations with Securitate officers. Verdery also talks with some of the informers who were close friends, learning the complex circumstances that led them to report on her, and considers how fieldwork and spying can be easily confused. Part memoir, part detective story, part anthropological analysis, My Life as a Spy offers a personal account of how government surveillance worked during the Cold War and how Verdery experienced living under it.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Observers Observed: An Anthropologist under Surveillance - Verdery, Katherine (Anthropology Now, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Tismaneanu Report: Romania Revisits Its Past - Tanasoiu, Cosmina (Problems of Post-Communism, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Truth Commissions in Post-Communism: The Overlooked Solution? - Stan, Lavinia (The Open Political Science Journal, 2009)
Despite their increased popularity in Latin America, Africa and Asia, truth commissions have remained an overlooked solution to coming to terms with the recent human rights abuses perpetrated in communist Europe. Since the start of the democratization process in the early 1990s, only Germany, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and Romania have employed truth commissions as methods to reckon with communist crimes. These five commissions share important similarities and differences in terms of their organizational structure, goals, activity, and efficacy. The scarcity of truth commissions in post-communist Europe is explained by the nature of communist repression, the legitimacy of the communist regime as a home-grown versus an externally-imposed political set of institutions and practices, and the use of lustration and access to secret files as methods to obtain truth, justice and reconciliation in posttotalitarian times.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Transitional Justice in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: Reckoning with the communist past - Stan, Lavinia (Routledge, 2010)
During the last two decades, the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have attempted to address the numerous human rights abuses that characterized the decades of communist rule. This book examines the main processes of transitional justice that permitted societies in those countries to come to terms with their recent past. It explores lustration, the banning of communist officials and secret political police officers and informers from post-communist politic, ordinary citizens’ access to the remaining archives compiled on them by the communist secret police, as well as trials and court proceedings launched against former communist officials and secret agents for their human rights trespasses. Individual chapters explore the progress of transitional justice in Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Slovenia and the successor states of the former Soviet Union. The chapters explain why different countries have employed different models to come to terms with their communist past; assess each country’s relative successes and failures; and probe the efficacy of country-specific legislation to attain the transitional justice goals for which it was developed. The book draws together the country cases into a comprehensive comparative analysis of the determinants of post-communist transitional justice, that will be relevant not only to scholars of post-communist transition, but also to anyone interested in transitional justice in other contexts.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justice and Reconciliation: After the Violence - Rigby, Andrew (Lynne Rienner Pub, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Recuperative memory in Romanian post-Communist society - Mitroiu, Simona (Nationalities Papers, 2016)
This paper explores the idea of “recuperative memory” with respect to the process of coming to terms with the past after the fall of the Romanian Communist regime in 1989. Its method is to examine the mechanisms used by recuperative memory in order to re-appropriate the past and emphasize the inherently mediated and multifaceted nature of this process. Using various examples from oral testimonies, autobiographical writings, literary works, and cinema, the paper argues that the role of recuperative memory is not only to facilitate the process of coming to terms with the past, but also to offer the material necessary to sustain a viable politics of memory. This entails providing a platform for the intergenerational transmission of memory and knowledge for those who did not live under the Communist regime, filling in this way the intergenerational gap, despite the lack of political class engagement.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Ethics of Memory - Margalit, Avishai (Harvard University Press, 2004)
Much of the intense current interest in collective memory concerns the politics of memory. In a book that asks, "Is there an ethics of memory?" Avishai Margalit addresses a separate, perhaps more pressing, set of concerns. The idea he pursues is that the past, connecting people to each other, makes possible the kinds of "thick" relations we can call truly ethical. Thick relations, he argues, are those that we have with family and friends, lovers and neighbors, our tribe and our nation–and they are all dependent on shared memories. But we also have "thin" relations with total strangers, people with whom we have nothing in common except our common humanity. A central idea of the ethics of memory is that when radical evil attacks our shared humanity, we ought as human beings to remember the victims. Margalit's work offers a philosophy for our time, when, in the wake of overwhelming atrocities, memory can seem more crippling than liberating, a force more for revenge than for reconciliation. Morally powerful, deeply learned, and elegantly written, The Ethics of Memory draws on the resources of millennia of Western philosophy and religion to provide us with healing ideas that will engage all of us who care about the nature of our relations to others.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Romania: Bottom of the Heap - Judt, Tony (The New York Review, 2001)
The February 2000 issue of the Bucharest men's magazine Plai cu Boi features one Princess Brianna Caradja. Variously clad in leather or nothing much at
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Geyer, Michael (Princeton University Press, 2003)
Broken glass, twisted beams, piles of debris–these are the early memories of the children who grew up amidst the ruins of the Third Reich. More than five decades later, German youth inhabit manicured suburbs and stroll along prosperous pedestrian malls. Shattered Past is a bold reconsideration of the perplexing pattern of Germany's twentieth-century history. Konrad Jarausch and Michael Geyer explore the staggering gap between the country's role in the terrors of war and its subsequent success as a democracy. They argue that the collapse of Communism, national reunification, and the postmodern shift call for a new reading of the country's turbulent development, one that no longer suggests continuity but rupture and conflict. Comprising original essays, the book begins by reexamining the nationalist, socialist, and liberal master narratives that have dominated the presentation of German history but are now losing their hold. Treated next are major issues of recent debate that suggest how new kinds of German history might be written: annihilationist warfare, complicity with dictatorship, the taming of power, the impact of migration, the struggle over national identity, redefinitions of womanhood, and the development of consumption as well as popular culture. The concluding chapters reflect on the country's gradual transition from chaos to civility. This penetrating study will spark a fresh debate about the meaning of the German past during the last century. There is no single master narrative, no Weltgeist, to be discovered. But there is a fascinating story to be told in many different ways.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Communist Regime in Romania: Interpretation or Condemnation? - Iacob, Bogdan C. (Sudosteuropa Mitteilungen, 2014)
The article analyses the second life of the concept of genocide In public, scholarly and legal post-2006 discourses about how to deal with the communist past In Romania. It counterpoises such problematic radical condemnations with recent developments In local historical studies. The contribution focuses on a new generation of historians (In their thirties and early forties), exemplifying these approaches by discussing novel studies about repression, Institutions and biographies. It argues that the employment of the term genocide on the one hand reflects specific traditions of public, scholarly and legal narratives about the communist regime. On the other hand, It highlights the ambiguity and misrepresentation of historical phenomena concerning the period from 1945 to 1989 in Romania. Such overbearing denunciatory attitudes potentially obfuscate the complexities and varieties of the past. Benefiting from a genuine archival revolution after 2007, young historians counterbalance opaque, uncritical narratives of victimization with a renewed will for Interpretation and revision. Adapted from the source document.
Num Pages: 18
Keywords: Attitudes; Communists; Genocide; Historians; Narratives; Radicalism; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Repression (Political); Revolutions; Romania

Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions? - Horne, Cynthia M. (Democratization, 2009)
In 2006, Poland and Romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes. These late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice. While early lustration measures targeted political elites, late lustration policies include public and private sector positions, such as journalists, academics, business leaders, and others in ‘positions of public trust’. Given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding lustration, why lustrate so late in the post-communist transition and why expand the policies? The dominant explanation is that lustration is a tool of party politics and is a threat to democratic consolidation. However, the late lustration programmes do not fit this hypothesis neatly. The new laws have been restructured and packaged with other reform programmes, specifically anticorruption programmes. Late lustration has evolved to include economic and social, as well as political concerns. As such, some post-communist governments in Central and Eastern Europe appear to be trying to use lustration as a way to further the democratic transitions by addressing remaining public concerns about corruption, distrust, and inequality.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340902732581
Keywords: Poland; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Romania; anticorruption; elites; lustration; transition; transitional justice

Political Forgiveness - Digeser, Peter (Cornell University Press, 2001)
What does forgiveness mean when it appears in politics, and what is its relationship to other ideas in political philosophy? In Political Forgiveness, P. E. Digeser defends a conception of forgiveness against those who are skeptical of its desirability as a political idea. While much of the previous work on forgiveness reflects theological or psychological perspectives, Digeser offers a concept of political forgiveness that is secular and public rather than religious or personal. It centers on the capacity of victims and creditors to release transgressors and debtors from their moral and financial debts. "If justice is a matter of receiving one's due", he says, "then political forgiveness entails releasing one's due". Nevertheless, political forgiveness remains connected to justice in important ways.Exploring the limits and possibilities of political forgiveness, Digeser considers not only its relationship to justice, but also such issues as who has authority to forgive, the connection between forgiveness and reconciliation, the meaning and scope of group responsibility, the idea of pardoning as a form of political forgiveness, and whether there is an obligation to forgive.
Google-Books-ID: lSfsKx5ZayoC
Keywords: Political Science / General; Political Science / History & Theory; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Essays in Understanding, 1930-1954: Formation, Exile, and Totalitarianism - Arendt, Hannah (Schocken, 2005)
Few thinkers have addressed the political horrors and ethical complexities of the twentieth century with the insight and passionate intellectual integrity of Hannah Arendt. She was irresistible drawn to the activity of understanding, in an effort to endow historic, political, and cultural events with meaning. Essays in Understanding assembles many of Arendt’s writings from the 1930s, 1940s, and into the 1950s. Included here are illuminating discussions of St. Augustine, existentialism, Kafka, and Kierkegaard: relatively early examinations of Nazism, responsibility and guilt, and the place of religion in the modern world: and her later investigations into the nature of totalitarianism that Arendt set down after The Origins of Totalitarianism was published in 1951. The body of work gathered in this volume gives us a remarkable portrait of Arendt’s developments as a thinker—and confirms why her ideas and judgments remain as provocative and seminal today as they were when she first set them down.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Justice et droit d'exception en guerre d'Algérie (1954-1962) - Thénault, Sylvie (Les Cahiers de la Justice, 2013)
Résumé Pendant la guerre d'indépendance algérienne, la justice constitua une des armes du combat contre les nationalistes et ceux qui les soutenaient. Fondée sur des législations d'exception, cette intervention fut massive et impliqua d'emblée les tribunaux militaires. L'ensemble de la guerre fut d'ailleurs marqué par un processus de militarisation de la justice. Cette répression judiciaire eut pour principal effet la multiplication des peines capitales dont 200, environ, furent suivies d'exécution. La magistrature d'Algérie fut d'une certaine façon mobilisée contre l'ennemi algérien, dans un contexte où ces magistrats, issus de familles européennes, jouaient aussi leur sort personnel.
Place: Paris
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Une drôle de justice : Les magistrats dans la guerre d'algerie - Thénault, Sylvie (La Découverte, 2001)
De 1954 à 1962, au nom de la lutte contre la " subversion " du FLN, au nom du rattachement de l'Algérie à la France qui interdisait d'y appliquer le droit de la guerre et de considérer les nationalistes comme des combattants, la justice et son personnel prirent une part active à la guerre d'Algérie : instruction des affaires, condamnations par milliers infligées par les tribunaux correctionnels et militaires, rappel de magistrats sous les drapeaux, etc. Les seules condamnations à mort atteignirent les 1 500, dont près de 200 furent exécutées. Dans ce livre passionnant et très documenté, Sylvie Thénault montre que cette insertion de la justice dans un vaste système de répression la priva de fait de son droit de regard sur les arrestations, les gardes à vue, les détentions et les interrogatoires pratiqués par l'armée. S'appuyant sur des archives jusque-là inaccessibles de l'Armée de terre - instructions, directives, fiches de renseignements, etc. - et du ministère de la justice, notamment la correspondance entre les procureurs généraux d'Algérie et la Chancellerie parisienne, elle met au jour une justice amputée et réformée par les législations d'exception. Une " drôle de justice ", à l'image de la " drôle de guerre ", cette guerre qui n'en était pas vraiment une. Il est temps, aujourd'hui, que ce passé proche entre dans l'Histoire. Pour les magistrats qui l'ont vécue, appelés à jouer un rôle inédit, confrontés au partage de compétence avec la justice militaire et à la torture, la période reste douloureuse. C'est pour l'aborder sereinement, sans juger ni céder aux injonctions d'un " devoir de mémoire " culpabilisant, que l'auteur a écrit ce livre.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? - Association Maurice Audin; Association coloniale et postcoloniale (Association Maurice Audin et Association coloniale et postcoloniale, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Hommage à Brigitte Lainé (1942-2018) – Une juste parmi les justes - Mollier, Jean-Yves (Actualité du XIXe siècle, 2018)
Décédée le 2 novembre 2018, Brigitte Lainé n’était pas seulement l’archiviste en chef chargée du patrimoine aux Archives de Paris que beaucoup d’entre nous ont connue, mais une sorte d’Antigone des temps modernes. « Catho...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Les Français disparus en Algérie dans les archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères - Georgeon-Liskenne, Anne (Gazette des archives, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Guerre d'Algérie : quand le secret défense entrave la mémoire - Leprince, Chloé (France Culture, 2019)
Comme Maurice Audin, des milliers d'Algériens disparaîtront du fait des forces de l'ordre françaises pendant la guerre d'Algérie. Emmanuel Macron a promis l'ouverture des archives pour sortir leur trace du brouillard du récit officiel et du refoulé. Historiens et familles l'attendent encore.
Section: Sciences et Savoirs
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La Guerre d'Algérie : une histoire apaisée ? - Branche, Raphaëlle (Seuil, 2005)
Guerre d'Algérie ici, guerre de libération nationale là-bas, quelle que soit la manière dont on le nomme, ce conflit a été, dès son origine, l'objet d'interprétations divergentes. Des hommes politiques construisaient la guerre par les mots quand d'autres la niaient. Les sociétés algérienne et française ont hérité de ces affrontements. Depuis 1962, les historiens ont dû travailler au milieu des affects, des tensions et des désirs contradictoires exprimés à l'égard de ce passé complexe et sensible. L'analyse des cinquante années écoulées depuis le déclenchement de l'insurrection fait également ressortir le poids du politique sur les conditions d'écriture de l'histoire, qu'il s'agisse de contrôler le récit sur le passé, de le surveiller, de l'interdire mais aussi de l'encourager ou de le faciliter. Ainsi, l'accès aux archives demeure, encore aujourd'hui, une question cruciale de part et d'autre de la Méditerranée. L'étude de l'historiographie française et étrangère révèle pourtant que la recherche avance. Mais un constat s'impose aussi : les voies pour une histoire sereine de la guerre ne se dégagent que lentement.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Handbuch Transitional Justice: Aufarbeitung von Unrecht - hin zur Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratie - Mihr, Anja; Pickel, Gert; Pickel, Susanne (Springer Fachmedien, 2018)
Dieses Handbuch ist eine systematische und methodische Einführung in das Thema Transitional Justice, das bislang vor allem durch Länderstudien zur
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Nach den Diktaturen: Der Umgang mit den Opfern in Europa - Heydemann, Günther; Vollnhals, Clemens; Goschler, Constantin; Scarano, Federico; Karner, Stefan; Richter, Heinz A.; Pinto, António Costa; Matthes, Claudia-Yvette; Ungváry, Krisztián; Vodička, Karel; Zhemkova, Elena Borisovna; Bernecker, Walther L.; et al. (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015)
Der Band untersucht erstmals in vergleichender Perspektive den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit den Opfern nach dem Fall der Diktaturen. Welche Entschädigungsleistungen erhielten die Opfer der faschistischen und der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur nach 1945 in Italien, in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Österreich? Wie gingen die Gesellschaften in Spanien, Portugal und Griechenland nach dem Fall der Militärdiktaturen in den 1970er Jahren mit den Opfern um? Was erreichten die Opfer kommunistischer Diktaturen nach 1989 im wiedervereinten Deutschland, in Tschechien, Polen, Ungarn, Lettland und Russland? Das gesellschaftspolitische Umfeld brachte für die Opfer zumeist nur geringe Empathie auf, dennoch gibt es beachtliche Unterschiede in der staatlichen Rehabilitierungs- und Entschädigungspolitik, die von ausgewiesenen Experten in 13 Beiträgen analysiert werden.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

"Es lag was in der Luft...": Die Besetzung der Bezirksverwaltungen des MfS/AfNS in Erfurt, Suhl und Gera - Veen, Hans-Joachim; Wurschi, Peter (Ettersberg, Stiftung, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archival Landscape: Archives and Human Rights - Stinnett, Graham (Progressive Librarian: A Journal for Critical Studies & Progressive Politics in Librarianship, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Post-Communist Transitional Justice: Lessons from Twenty-Five Years of Experience - Stan, Lavinia; Nedelsky, Nadya (Cambridge University Press, 2015)
Taking stock of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the collapse of the communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe, this volume explores the ways these societies have grappled with the serious human rights violations of past regimes. It focuses on the most important factors that have shaped the nature, speed, and sequence of transitional justice programs in the period spanning the tumultuous revolutions that brought about the collapse of the communist dictatorships and the consolidation of new democratic regimes. Contributors explain why leaders made certain choices, discuss the challenges they faced, and explore the role of under-studied actors and grassroots strategies. Written by recognized experts with an unparalleled grasp of the region's communist and post-communist reality, this volume addresses far-reaching reckoning, redress, and retribution policy choices. It is an engaging and carefully crafted volume, and it covers a wide variety of cases and discusses key transitional justice theories using both qualitative and quantitative research methods.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Strafverfahren wegen MfS-Unrechts : die Strafprozesse bundesdeutscher Gerichte gegen ehemalige Mitarbeiter des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR - Schißau, Roland (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Occasional Paper No. 1 Transitional Justice in Germany after 1945 and after 1990 - Romeike, Sanya (International Nuremberg Principles Academy, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

State Security: A Reader on the GDR Secret Police - Münkel, Daniela (Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic, 2016)
Google-Books-ID: 39VjAQAACAAJ
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Judging the Past in Unified Germany - McAdams, A. James (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
In recent years, no modern democracy has taken more aggressive steps to come to terms with a legacy of dictatorship than has the Federal Republic of Germany with the crimes and injustices of Communist East Germany. In this book, A. James McAdams provides a comprehensive and engaging examination of the four most prominent instances of this policy: criminal trials for the killings at the Berlin Wall; the disqualification of administrative personnel for secret-police ties; parliamentary truth-telling commissions; and private property restitution. On the basis of extensive interviews in Bonn and Berlin over the 1990s, McAdams gives new insight into the difficulties German politicians, judges, bureaucrats, and public officials faced sitting in judgment on the affairs of another state. He argues provocatively that the success of their policies must be measured in terms of the way they used East German history to justify their actions. In 1997, A. James McAdams was awarded the DAAD Prize for Distinguished Scholarship in German Studies. He is Professor and Chair of the Department of Government and International Studies at University of Notre Dame, in Notre Dame, Indiana. He is the author of East Germany and Détente (Cambridge University Press, 1985), Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification (Princeton University Press, 1992), and co-author of Rebirth: A Political History of Europe Since World War II (Westview Press, 1999). McAdams is also editor of Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies (University of Notre Dame Press, 1997).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Strafverfolgung von DDR-Unrecht: Fakten und Zahlen - Marxen, Klaus; Werle, Gerhard; Schäfter, Petra (Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

NS-Verbrecher und Staatssicherheit: Die geheime Vergangenheitspolitik der DDR - Leide, Henry (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007)
Bis heute gilt die konsequente Verfolgung von NS-Ttern als "gute Seite" des Ministeriums f"r Staatssicherheit der DDR. Doch hinter der Fassade des antifaschistischen Musterstaats wurde ein sorgsam verh"lltes, doppeltes Spiel gespielt: SED und Staatssicherheit prangerten die Bundesrepublik an und lieferten Flle f"r Vorzeigeprozesse, aber zugleich stellten sie Ermittlungen gegen NS-Tter hintan, wenn sie dem Image der DDR zuwiderliefen. Henry Leide analysiert systematisch die Formen dieser Politik: Anwerbungen von fr"h amnestierten oder nie verurteilten NS-Verbrechern als Informanten und Agenten in Ost und West, mangelhafte Ermittlungen gegen Hunderte belastete DDR-B"rger, vereitelte Strafverfahren gegen angesehene DDR-rzte und verweigerte Rechtshilfe f"r die auslndische Justiz bei gleichzeitiger Monopolisierung vieler Akten durch die Geheimpolizei. In dieser Praxis entpuppt sich der DDR-Antifaschismus als instrumentelles Kampfprogramm in der deutsch-deutschen Systemkonkurrenz.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Der verratene Verräter: Wolfgang Schnur: Bürgerrechtsanwalt und Spitzenspitzel - Kobylinski, Alexander (Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 2015)
Kaum ein Protagonist der Umbruchszeit 1989/90 polarisiert bis heute so wie Wolfgang Schnur. Als Anwalt arbeitet Schnur (geb. 1944) in der DDR als Rechtsbeistand für Bürgerrechtler und Wehrdienstverweigerer. Nicht wenige sehen den Mitbegründer und Vorsitzenden des Demokratischen Aufbruchs als kommenden Wahlsieger bei den Volkskammerwahlen im März 1990 und damit als künftigen DDR-Ministerpräsidenten. Doch kurz vor der Wahl wird bekannt, dass Schnur seit den 1960er Jahren für die Stasi tätig war. Es beginnt ein langer Absturz mit dem Entzug der Anwaltszulassung 1993 und diversen Verurteilungen. Alexander Kobylinski, einst selbst Mandant von Schnur, folgt dessen Lebenslauf von der Jugend im Nachkriegsdeutschland, der Ausbildung zum Rechtsanwalt, seiner Anwerbung durch das MfS und der Tätigkeit als Spitzel bis zur Enttarnung 1990. Kobylinski zeigt, wie Schnur mit viel Geduld, aber äußerst zielstrebig vom MfS aufgebaut wurde und schließlich zu einer wichtigen Person in der Bürgerbewegung wurde. Und er lässt die »Einbrüche« in Schnurs Karriere erst richtig verstehen.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Archives Power: Memory, Accountability, and Social Justice - Jimerson, Randall C. (Amer Library Assn, 2009)
Grounded in historical and social theory, this analysis of the power of archives and the role of archivists in society calls for renewed emphasis on remembrance, evidence, and documentation as a means of securing open government, accountability, diversity, and social justice, within an archival ethics of professional and societal responsibility.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Ostermann, Christian F.; Etges, Andreas (Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives, 2017)
Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives was published in The Cold War on page 1.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

BETWEEN MYTH AND REALITY: THE STASI LEGACY IN GERMAN HISTORY - Jarausch, Konrad (GHI Bulletin Supplement, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Beyond the Obvious: The Stasi Records Archive as Transitional Justice Tool in an International Context - Hovestädt (ecpr.eu, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Deutschland seit 1990: Wege in die Vereinigungsgesellschaft - Großbölting, Thomas; Lorke, Christoph (Franz Steiner Verlag, 2017)
Der Fall der Berliner Mauer und die Wiedervereinigung beendeten vierzig Jahre Trennung von Bundesrepublik und DDR. Diese Ereignisse waren zweifelsohne von nationaler und internationaler Bedeutung. Die empathische Erinnerung daran markiert den Gründungsmythos eines wiedervereinigten Deutschlands wie auch den eines sich erweiternden Europas.Mit größer werdendem zeitlichem Abstand wird diese euphorische Lesart allerdings zunehmend blasser. Nicht nur die Verwerfungen der Banken- und Eurokrise seit 2008, sondern zahlreiche andere Prozesse und Ereignisse lassen die Ambivalenzen der Entwicklung seit Ende der 1980er Jahre deutlicher hervortreten. Aus der politikhistorisch so einschneidenden Zäsur wird in der Rückschau ein immer weicherer und mehrdeutiger Übergang. Was verband und verbindet die Deutschen in Ost und West vor und nach 1990? Welche Gemeinsamkeiten prägen die Vereinigungsgesellschaft, welche Trennlinien durchziehen sie bis heute? Diesen Fragen gehen die Autorinnen und Autoren in ihren Beiträgen nach und entwerfen auf diese Weise ein facettenreiches Bild der deutschen Geschichte der vergangenen drei Jahrzehnte.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The History of the Stasi: East Germany's Secret Police, 1945-1990 - Gieseke, Jens (Berghahn Books, 2015)
A well-balanced and detailed look at the East German Ministry for State Security, the secret police force more commonly known as the Stasi. “This is an excellent book, full of careful, balanced judgements and a wealth of concisely-communicated knowledge. It is also well written. Indeed, it is the best book yet published on the MfS.”―German History The Stasi stood for Stalinist oppression and all-encompassing surveillance. The “shield and sword of the party,” it secured the rule of the Communist Party for more than forty years, and by the 1980s it had become the largest secret-police apparatus in the world, per capita. Jens Gieseke tells the story of the Stasi, a feared secret-police force and a highly professional intelligence service. He inquires into the mechanisms of dictatorship and the day-to-day effects of surveillance and suspicion. Masterful and thorough at once, he takes the reader through this dark chapter of German postwar history, supplying key information on perpetrators, informers, and victims. In an assessment of post-communist memory politics, he critically discusses the consequences of opening the files and the outcomes of the Stasi debate in reunified Germany. A major guide for research on communist secret-police forces, this book is considered the standard reference work on the Stasi.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Erinnerungsorte der DDR - Sabrow, Martin (C.H.Beck, 2009)
Die DDR gibt es nicht mehr, aber im Gedächtnis lebt sie weiter, als Schreckensort einer Diktatur, in "ostalgischer" Verklärung und vor allem in Erinnerung an die Mühen um ein aufrechtes Leben in gedrückten Verhältnissen. Fünfzig Publizisten und Zeithistoriker präsentieren die wichtigsten Bezugspunkte der Erinnerung an ein untergegangenes Land.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

20 Jahre Stasi-Aufarbeitung: Vorbild oder Auslaufmodell? - Gieseke, Jens (bpb.de, 2009)
Ehemalige Mitarbeiter der Stasi wollen heutzutage nicht mehr genannt werden und berufen sich dazu auf ihr Persönlichkeitsrecht. Dem steht jedoch ein Aufklärungsinteresse entgegen. Ein Blick nach Osteuropa zeigt, dass in Deutschland breits einiges err
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz: Kommentar - Geiger, Hansjörg; Klinghardt, Heinz; Burth, Josephine; Budsinowski, Martin; Pietrkiewicz, Jörg; Rapp-Lücke, Juliane (Kohlhammer, 2006)
Das Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz, welches in den zurückliegenden Jahren verschiedentlich geändert wurde, steht weiterhin in öffentlichem Interesse und Diskussion. Die Neubearbeitung des Kommentars bringt das Praxiswissen zum StUG unter Beachtung der Rechtsprechung auf den aktuellen Stand. Neben der praxisnahen und allgemein verständlichen Kommentierung der Einzelvorschriften des Gesetzes enthält die Neuauflage einen einleitenden Überblick über Aufbau, Aufgaben und Methoden des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Post‐totalitarian national identity: public memory in Germany and Russia - Forest, Benjamin; Johnson, Juliet; Till, Karen (Social & Cultural Geography, 2004)
Through a comparative analysis of Germany and Russia, this paper explores how participation in the memorialization process affects and reflects national identity formation in post‐totalitarian societies. These post‐totalitarian societies face the common problem of re‐presenting their national character as civic and democratic, in great part because their national identities were closely bound to oppressive regimes. Through a comparison of three memorial sites—Sachsenhausen concentration camp memorial in Germany, and Lubianka Square and the Park of Arts in Russia—we argue that even where dramatic reductions in state power and the opening of civil society have occurred, a simple elite–public dichotomy cannot adequately capture the nature of participation in the process of memory re‐formation. Rather, mutual interactions among multiple publics and elites, differing in kind and intensity across contexts, combine to form a complex pastiche of public memory that both interprets a nation's past and suggests desirable models for its future. The domination of a ‘Western’ style of memorialization in former East Germany illustrates how even relatively open debates can lead to the exclusion of certain representations of the nation. Nonetheless, Germany has had comparatively vigorous public debates about memorializing its totalitarian periods. In contrast, Russian elite groups have typically circumvented or manipulated participation in the memorialization process, reflecting both a reluctance to deal with Russia's totalitarian past and a emerging national identity less civic and democratic than in Germany.
_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/1464936042000252778
Keywords: Germany; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Russia; monuments and memorials; politics of memory; public memory

Transitional Justice after German Reunification: Exposing Unofficial Collaborators - Espindola, Juan (Cambridge University Press, 2015)
How do societies transitioning from oppressive to democratic rule hold accountable those citizens who contributed to maintaining injustice in the ancient regime by secretly denouncing fellow citizens? Is their public identification a way of fulfilling respect for those who suffered harm as a result of their collaboration? And is public identification respectful of denunciators themselves? This book pursues these questions through a multidisciplinary investigation focusing on the denunciators for the East German secret police and the Ministry of State Security and the way in which they have been publicly unveiled in contemporary German society. The book evaluates the justifications that social actors offer to support or oppose public identifications; how targeted collaborators react to this social practice; and whether it achieves its intended purpose. At every stage, the book asks whether the motivations and the consequences of public identifications honor or undermine the value of respect for people.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Volkserhebung gegen den SED-Staat: eine Bestandsaufnahme zum 17. Juni 1953 - Engelmann, Roger; Kowalczuk, Ilko-Sascha (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005)
Der Aufstand vom 17. Juni 1953 ist eines der Schlüsselereignisse in der deutsch-deutschen Geschichte. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes berichten über den Verlauf des Aufstands und stellen die Bezüge zum kommunistischen Machtbereich her. Die Vorgänge im Repressionsapparat, die Gefangenenbefreiungen am 17. Juni, die Entwicklung der Strafpraxis sowie der Ausbau des repressiven Instrumentariums nach der Erhebung bilden einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Bandes. Abschließende Beiträge betrachten das 'doppelte' Juni-Trauma der Machthaber und der Opposition, die intellektuelle Bewältigung des Geschehens, die Stellung des 17. Juni im nationalen Gedächtnis der alten Bundesrepublik und das Verhältnis von Juni-Aufstand und friedlicher Revolution 1989.
Keywords: History / General; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Das MfS-Lexikon: Begriffe, Personen und Strukturen der Staatssicherheit der DDR - Engelmann, Roger; Florath, Bernd; Heidemeyer, Helge; Münkel, Daniela; Polzin, Arno; Süß, Walter (Ch. Links Verlag, 2011)
Zum Ministerium für Staatssicherheit gibt es zahlreiche Einzeluntersuchungen und einige Überblicksdarstellungen. Doch bisher fehlte ein kompaktes Nachschlagewerk, in dem man knapp und präzise alle wichtigen Informationen zum Thema findet. Das vorliegende Lexikon behandelt sowohl die entscheidenden Schlüsselbegriffe als auch die wichtigsten Akteure und die Organisationsstruktur. Dabei wird zugleich das politische Umfeld thematisiert, werden die Auftraggeber und Kooperationspartner genannt. Das Lexikon wurde bewusst für ein breites Publikum entwickelt. Es erschließt den Gegenstand in allgemeinverständlicher Weise und ist mit zahlreichen Querverweisen versehen. Die einzelnen Beiträge sind von Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde und anderen Fachleuten verfasst worden.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die herbeigeschriebene "Legitimationskrise" Anatomie einer Kampagne gegen die Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde - Engelmann, Roger (Deutschland Archiv, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Akteneinsicht. Von der revolutionären Aktion zum Gesetz - Bildung, Bundeszentrale für politische (bpb.de, 2017)
Was heute wie eine Selbstverständlichkeit wirkt – das Recht auf die Einsichtnahme in die eigene Stasi-Akte oder die Möglichkeit der Überprüfung politischer Mandatsträger auf eine mögliche Spitzeltätigkeit für das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit – wu
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Die Überlieferung der Diktaturen. Beiträge zum Umgang mit Archiven der Geheimpolizei in Polen und Deutschland nach 1989 - Beaupré, Nicolas; Dakowska, Dorota (Klartext Verlag, 2004)
Warum ist das Institut für Nationales Gedächtnis – IPN (das Pendant zur Gauck-Behörde) erst 1998 gegründet worden? Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen dem Verlauf der politischen Wende in Deutschland bzw. in Polen, der Entscheidung über die
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice - Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (United States Institute of Peace, 2007)
This report focuses on the often-ignored challenges faced by those seeking, through memorialization, to help repair societies that are emerging from violent conflict. The summary matrix at the end of this report provides recommendations to international actors interested in assisting in that process.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944-1956 - Applebaum, Anne (Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2013)
National Book Award Finalist TIME Magazine's #1 Nonfiction Book of 2012A New York Times Notable BookA Washington Post Top Ten Book of 2012Best Nonfiction of 2012: The Wall Street Journal, The Plain Dealer In the much-anticipated follow-up to her Pulitzer Prize-winning Gulag, acclaimed journalist Anne Applebaum delivers a groundbreaking history of how Communism took over Eastern Europe after World War II and transformed in frightening fashion the individuals who came under its sway. Iron Curtain describes how, spurred by Stalin and his secret police, the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe were created and what daily life was like once they were complete. Drawing on newly opened East European archives, interviews, and personal accounts translated for the first time, Applebaum portrays in chilling detail the dilemmas faced by millions of individuals trying to adjust to a way of life that challenged their every belief and took away everything they had accumulated. As a result the Soviet Bloc became a lost civilization, one whose cruelty, paranoia, bizarre morality, and strange aesthetics Applebaum captures in these electrifying pages.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Securing the Communist State: The Reconstruction of Coercive Institutions in the Soviet Zone of Germany and Romania, 1944–1948 - Van De Grift, Liesbeth (Lexington Books, 2011)
From Berlin to Bucharest, from Warsaw to Sofia, Soviet tanks crossed national borders across East Central Europe at the end of the Second World War. The arrival of the Red Army marked an important turn in history. Within only a few years, the often unpopular communist parties developed into political organizations with mass followings. They managed to seize power, eliminate political opposition to their rule, and purge the state apparatus of undesirable personnel. In Securing the Communist State, Liesbeth van de Grift provides a new understanding of these organizations using recently disclosed material from the communist archives in Berlin and Bucharest. She reveals how these communist parties gained control over the security apparatus after 1945 in East Central Europe from a transitional justice perspective, focusing on purges and personnel policies. This book shows that the personal break after 1945 was not as radical as is often thought.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Miecz i tarcza komunizmu. Historia aparatu bezpieczeństwa w Polsce 1944-1990 - Terlecki, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2013)
Pierwsza popularna książka o służbach specjalnych PRL. Efekt siedmioletniej pracy naukowej jednego z pierwszych pracowników IPN-u. Pełna wstrząsających faktów, przystępnie napisana, historia służb sp...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Prezentul trecutului recent: Lustraţie şi decomunizare în postcomunism - Stan, Lavinia (Curtea Veche, 2010)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. O lucrare de anvergura, volumul de fata examineaza modul in care toate tarile est europene pos…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

La nación tras el diluvio. Una perspectiva germano-oriental. - Schultz, Helga (Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 2000)
Helga Schultz reconsidera la RDA y su forma nacional desde un punto de vista germano-oriental. Entiende la RDA como un intento de construir una peculiar nación socialista alemana, pero laimposibilidad de alcanzar esta aspiración es examinada junto con la sorprendente división entre ambas partes de la nueva Alemania «unida» y la nueva eínicizaci¿n de los alemanes del Este. El articulo revisa también la «sociedad obrera» socialista, como producto del socialismo real.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; historia; historia contemporánea; historia de España; historia universal; revista

Osočení – Pravdivé příběhy lidí z "Cibulkova seznamu" - Salivarová-Škvorecká, Zdena (Nakladatelství Host, 2000)
Publicistika.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

A handbook of the communist security apparatus in East Central Europe 1944-1989 - Persak, Krzysztof; Kamiński, Łukasz (Institute of National Remembrance, 2005)
Keywords: Communism; Europe; Central; Europe; Eastern; History; Internal security; Political persecution; References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights; Secret service; Soviet Union

‎Bastionul cruzimii. O istorie a Securitatii (1948-1964) - Oprea, Marius (Polirom, 2016)
O prima monografie a Securitatii in primele ei doua decenii de existenta volumul sintetizeaza cercetarile intreprinse de istoricul Marius Oprea specializat in investigarea activitatii fostei politii politice comuniste din Romania. Bastionul cruzimii prezinta intr-o riguroasa documentare stiintifica adevarata fata a Securitatii: de la organizarea interna la modul de derulare a anchetelor de la legislatia cu caracter represiv la torturile si crimele acesteia fara sa omita locul aparatului represiv in sistemul de putere comunist si faptul ca acesta a jucat rolul de „brat inarmat al partidului in lupta de clasa“. O lectura necesara atat pentru istorici si studentii la facultatile de profil cat si pentru toti cei interesati de istoria recenta a Romaniei.Cuprins: Politia politica – instrument al sovietizarii Romaniei Nasterea Securitatii Securistii lui Dej Bazele „muncii de Securitate“ Partidul si Securitatea Scrupule si epoleti: Securitatea in lupta pentru putere dintre liderii comunisti
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Prawdy jak chleba - Niezabitowska, Małgorzata (Prószyński, 2007)
Procesowy thriller, powieść kryminalna, poradnik jak radzić sobie w sytuacjach ekstremalnych, historia przygodowa stanu wojennego, opowieść o miłości i przyjaźni - książka Małgorzaty Niezabitowskiej ł...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Los orígenes del Partido del Socialismo Democrático (1989-1993): el ave fénix roja en Alemania - de la Guardia, Ricardo Martín (Ayer, 2005)
El Partido del Socialismo Democrático (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus), surgido de la descomposición interna del SED (Sozialistiscbe Einbeitspartei Deutschlands), es un caso relevante de adaptación de los partidos únicos en los regímenes comunistas a la democracia plurípar-tidista. Dadas las peculiaridades de la transición en la República Democrática de Alemania, acelerada por su rápida integración en la República Federal, el SED no tuvo la oportunidad de transformarse en una organización socialdemócrata como en la mayoría de los países del Este, pues ya existían el SPD y, a su izquierda, los Verdes. Este hecho explica la importancia histórica de seguirlo en sus primeros pasos para analizar las dificultades de pervivencia de la estructura del partido único y explicar de esta manera su inserción en el sistema de partidos alemán posterior a la Reunificación. Resulting from the decay of the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands), the Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus) typifies the adaptation of Eastern and Central European Communist state parties into multiparty democracy. Given the peculiarities of the GDR's political transition— a process which was accelerated by its rapid integration into the Federal Republic—, the SED had no chance to develop into a Social Democratic party as that political space was already occupied by the SPD and, further left, the Greens. Hence the importance of tracing the origins of the PDS, that is, the old party structure's struggle for survival and its inclusion in the post-unification German party system.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights

Wokół Jedwabnego, t. 1 Studia - Machcewicz, Paweł; Persak, Krzysztof (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2002)
pod red. Pawła Machcewicza i Krzysztofa Persaka, t.1 Studia Publikacja Wokół Jedwabnego, przygotowana przez Biuro Edukacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, prezentuje wyniki badań naukowych na...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021); Archives and Human Rights