La Isla: Archives of a Tragedy - Stelzner, Uli (2009)
In July 2005 a huge explosion in the Guatemalan Capital leads to the discovery of the historic archive of the National Police. On the grounds of the today's Police Academy used to be located the island, the secret prison of notori...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

How Trump-Fed Conspiracy Theories About Migrant Caravan Intersect With Deadly Hatred - Peters, Jeremy W. (The New York Times, 2018)
In the final days before the election, President Trump and Republicans are trying again to highlight the caravan, which he called “an invasion of our country.”
Keywords: Anti-Semitism; Conservatism (US Politics); Illegal Immigration; Immigration and Emigration; Midterm Elections (2018); News and News Media; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Republican Party; Rumors and Misinformation; Soros, George; Trump, Donald J; United States Politics and Government

Against the Odds: CICIG in Guatemala - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Refworld, 2016)
Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. The information has been carefully selected and compiled from UNHCR's global network of field offices, Governments, international, regional and non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and judicial bodies.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Analysis | Why some Latin American countries are rushing to open Jerusalem embassies, too - Noack, Rick (Washington Post, 2021)
It's mostly about currying favor with the United States, not Israel.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Trump’s agreements in Central America are dismantling the asylum system as we know it - Narea, Nicole (Vox, 2019)
The administration has started sending migrants back to Guatemala.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Guatemala Declares War on History - Lynch, Colum (Foreign Policy, 2019)
Looking for help on immigration, the Trump administration is silent in the face of Guatemala’s effort to seal its dirty war archive.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Secrets in Guatemala’s Bones - Jones, Maggie (The New York Times, 2016)
In the face of death threats, a forensic anthropologist has spent two decades exhuming the victims of a “dirty” civil war. Now his work might help bring justice for their murders.
Keywords: Archaeology and Anthropology; Forensic Science; Guatemala; Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation; Human Rights and Human Rights Violations; Jones, Maggie; Peccerelli, Fredy (1971- ); References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Rios Montt, Efrain; War Crimes, Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity

El general volvió de su apacible retiro - Valdizán, Alejandra Gutiérrez (Plaza Pública, 2016)
Desde hacía años la vida del general retirado era tranquila, muy tranquila. El hombre que había ocupado uno de los más altos cargos de la jerarquía militar, Jefe del Estado Mayor General del Ejército (1981-1982), el hombre que estuvo en el frente de batalla, aquel fibroso militar formado “para vencer” en la escuela de Saint Cyr en Francia, el paracaidista, el combatiente que diseñó la estrategia contrainsurgente, el incansable, ahora pasaba sus horas en “Villa Elena”, la casona asentada en un prado verde, alejado del bullicio, a la vera de la carretera a Carchá, en su natal Alta Verapaz.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

On or off the record? Detecting patterns of silence about death in Guatemala’s National Police Archive - Guberek, Tamy; Hedstrom, Margaret (Archival Science, 2017)
This paper investigates how the production of police records was linked to the policies of repression and violence during Guatemala’s civil war. We provide empirical evidence from the Historical Archive of the Guatemalan National Police that the police used language, terminology and codes to record deaths in ways that produced silences about the level of violence during the height of repressive military rule. Using a dataset derived from a statistically valid sample of police records together with qualitative archival analysis, we find evidence of profound changes in the terminology used to record and report on deaths—changes that follow a pattern consistent with the policies of information control and concealment of the three different military regimes that ruled Guatemala between 1978 and 1985. We argue that researchers will need to consider the silences created through the selective use of terminology in documents when using archives to produce historical knowledge. Detecting and intercepting silence will be especially important as state records are increasingly sought in service of ongoing pursuits for truth and justice about past atrocities.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Why Guatemala’s Anti-Corruption Commission Faces a New Wave of Efforts to Derail It - Doyle, Kate; Oglesby, Elizabeth (World Politics Review, 2018)
A new attorney general took office in Guatemala last week amid sharp tensions over the role of a United Nations-backed anti-corruption commission that has helped bring high-profile charges against some of the country’s most powerful politicians. Maria Consuelo Porras, a former substitute judge for Guatemala’s Constitutional Court, will run the country’s Public Ministry and direct its criminal, human rights and anti-corruption investigations. The outgoing attorney general, Thelma Aldana, and her predecessor, Claudia Paz y Paz Bailey, showed impressive leadership and independence in investigating and prosecuting these sorts of cases. Now their enemies want those advances reversed. Across Central America, public [...]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Guatemala Police Archive under Threat - National Security Archive (National Security Archive, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Deciphering the archives of Guatemala's dirty war - Doyle, Kate (Harper’s Magazine, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Ríos Montt: La muerte y la impunidad llegan juntas - Coronado, Elsa; Pradilla, Alberto (Plaza Pública, 2018)
“Lo más importante para nosotros es que Ríos Montt se murió en manos de la justicia, o sea, huyendo de la justicia. Y logramos la sentencia y la desclasificación de los documentos militares y ese es un paso muy importante”, afirma Antonio Caba, sobreviviente de la masacre de la aldea Ilom, en Chajul, Quiché. Tenía once años cuando el Ejército arrasó con todo. Años más tarde, encontró en una exhumación los restos de sus familiares. Vio sus huesos, reconoció la ropa, recordó el dolor del pasado y cuando los volvió a enterrar sintió la necesidad de justicia.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La condena de un militar motivó la salida del director del Archivo de Guatemala - Colombia 2020 (ELESPECTADOR.COM, 2018)
Por el caso de de la familia Molina Theissen, en el que los archivos fueron puebas determinantes, condenaron a 58 años de cárcel al ...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Four Retired Senior Military Officers Found Guilty in Molina Theissen Case - Burt, Jo-Marie; Paulo, Estrada (International Justice Monitor, 2018)
Four retired senior members of the Guatemalan military—including two high-ranking officers previously thought to be untouchable, former Army Chief of Staff Benedicto Lucas García and former chief of military intelligence Manuel Callejas y Callejas—were convicted today in Guatemala of involvement in
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La conspiración y persecución del Estado contra la familia Molina Theissen - Ramón, Simón Antonio (Prensa Comunitaria, 2018)
Por Simón Antonio Ramón Cinco militares del alto mando del ejército y la G-2 de 1981 enfrentan juicio oral y público por la detención clandestina y violación sexual contra Emma Guadalupe Molina Theissen y la desaparición forzada de su hermano Marco Antonio.  Estos hechos ocurrieron del 27 de septiembre al 6 de octubre 1981, por ... <a title="La conspiración y persecución del Estado contra la familia Molina Theissen" class="read-more" href="https://prensacomunitaria.org/2018/05/la-conspiracion-y-persecucion-del-estado-contra-la-familia-molina-theissen/" aria-label="More on La conspiración y persecución del Estado contra la familia Molina Theissen">Read more
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Mauricio Macri: "Conmigo se acaban los curros en derechos humanos" - Rosemberg, Jaime (LA NACION, 2014)
El líder de Pro promete bajar la inflación y acepta endeudarse "si es para crecer"
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Causa DIPPBA, dossier: la inteligencia fue terrorismo de estado - andar - Agencia de noticias (Andar, 2015)
Las leyes, decretos y documentos de la ex DIPPBA permiten entender cómo actuaron durante la dictadura cívico militar. El terrorismo de Estado no habría sido posible sin los servicios de inteligenci…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development - Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2012)
This is the first annual report submitted to the Human Rights Council by the first Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of nonrecurrence, Pablo de Greiff.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Secretos, reservados y confidenciales: la producción de información de las fuerzas armadas y de seguridad como fuente para la historiografía - Nazar, Mariana (Estudios Sociales del Estado, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archivos, memoria y derechos: reflexiones en torno al caso argentino - Nazar, Mariana (Comma, 2010)
La problemática relacionada con la función del Archivo como garante de derechos ha cobrado una gran relevancia social a partir de los reclamos relacionados con violaciones a los derechos humanos. En este trabajo se aborda el tema desde el análisis de
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Las fotos sacadas de la ESMA por Victor Basterra en el Museo de Arte y Memoria de La Plata: el lugar de la imagen en los trabajos de la memoria de la última dictadura militar argentina: Un estudio de caso - Larralde Armas, Florencia (Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios en Diseño y Comunicación. Ensayos, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

A 10 años de la apertura del Archivo de la DIPPBA. First Panel: Presentación de los instrumentos de descripción del fondo documental de la ex DIPPBA - Lanteri, Magdalena; Nazar, Mariana (Aletheia, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

From the Ashes of History Loss and Recovery of Archives and Libraries in Modern Latin America - Aguirre, Carlos; Villa-Flores, Javier (The University of North Carolina Press, 2015)
The formation, organization, and accessibility of archives and libraries are critical for the production of historical narratives. They contain the materials...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

El testimonio en una memoria a ciudadana: el informe Nunca Más - Crenzel, Emilio (Estudios: Centro d Estudios Avanzados, 2005)
En este articulo se desarrollará una descripción y análisis delpapel y el lugar que asumen los testimonios que reproduce el informe Nunca Más elaborado por la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas en 1984 en torno a las desapariciones.Se intentará describir y analizar su contenido y forma, el tono deestas voces, las intervenciones que realiza la CONADEP sobre los mismos y las continuidades y rupturas que presentan con respecto al lugar que ocuparon en los discursos previos acerca de la desaparición de personas.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Nunca más - Informe de la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas. Conmemorativa a 40 años del golpe de Estado de 1976 - Comisión Nacional Sobre La Des (Conadep) (Eudeba, 2016)
Nunca más por (CONADEP), Comisión Nacional s. ISBN: 9789502325705 - Tema: DERECHOS HUMANOS - Editorial: EUDEBA - La Conadep fue creada por el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional en diciembre de 1983 con el o..Eudeba - Av Rivadavia 1573, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tel: +54 11 4383 8025 Mail: pedidos@eudeba.com.ar
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

UNA ESTRUCTURA JERÁRQUICA CONSERVADORA SE AGGIORNA: EL PROYECTO DE MODERNIZACIÓN DE LOS ARCHIVOS DEL ÁREA DE LA DEFENSA DEL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA - Cesareo, Marina (2013)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Memoria en construcción: el debate sobre la ESMA - Brodsky, Marcelo (La Marca editora, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

A documentação rediviva: prolegômenos a uma (outra) filosofia da informação - Frohmann, Bernd (Revista Morpheus - Estudos Interdisciplinares em Memória Social, 2012)
Uma filosofia da informação fundamenta-se em uma filosofia da documentação. A concepção de Nunberg sobre o fenômeno da informação anuncia um deslocamento do foco na questão “O que é informação?” para uma investigação crítica das fontes e da legitimação da própria questão. As analogias entre a desconstrução que Wittgenstein faz das abordagens filosóficas ao significado e uma correspondente desconstrução das abordagens filosóficas à informação sugerem que como a informatividade de um documento depende de certos tipos de práticas a que este é submetido, e como a informação emerge como um efeito de tais práticas, as práticas documentárias são ontologicamente primordiais2 à informação. A informatividade dos documentos, portanto, encaminha-nos às propriedades das práticas documentárias. Tais propriedades encaixam-se em quatro categorias gerais: sua materialidade; seus lugares institucionais; os modos como são socialmente disciplinadas; e sua contingência histórica. Dois exemplos do alvorecer da ciência moderna, que contrastam as práticas documentárias escolásticas dos filósofos da natureza da Europa continental com as de seus pares na Inglaterra da época da Restauração, ilustram a riqueza dos fatores que devem ser levados em conta para compreender como os documentos se tornam informativos.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Documento e poder: uma arqueologia da escrita - Freitas, Lidia Silva de (Revista Morpheus - Estudos Interdisciplinares em Memória Social, 2012)
Apresenta problematização e resultados parciais de estudo que se insere em debate em curso na Ciência da Informação, envolvendo a delimitação de seu objeto central: a informação – em suas variadas conceituações – ou o documento – em sua materialidade, da ordem da institucionalidade e gerador de efeitos sociais (Frohmann). A pesquisa, de cunho teórico- conceitual, testa o conceito/hipótese de modo de acreditação e distribuição social de saberes, fundado na divisão de Nora entre sociedades de memória e sociedades de história. Analisa a constituição, os funcionamentos e as representações imaginárias da escrita, como marco divisório e base das sociedades históricas – ou de arquivo – e fundamentando o efeito- documento em processos de legitimação, autoridade e regimes de verdade. o estudo busca as bases da persistência do documento nos processos dominantes de acreditação e distribuição social de saberes – e poderes – no ocidente, buscando contribuir, assim, para o adensamento desse relevante debate no campo. Apresenta os avanços de pesquisa obtidos pelos aportes teórico-conceituais da escola francesa da análise e teoria do discurso, que recoloca a dimensão material e histórica do sentido, rompendo com a ilusão da transparência da linguagem – fundamento do efeito-informação (evidência), mito fundador do campo informacional.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Arquivo, verdade e o proceso de transição democrática no Brasil: o legado da Comissão Nacional da Verdade para a ampliaçãoo da discusão epistemológica arquivística - Elias, Aluf Alba V. (Universidade de Brasília, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Brazil Truth Commission Releases Report - The National Security Archive (The National Security Archive, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los sitios de la memoria: procesos sociales de la commemoración en el Perú - Reátegui, Félix; Instituto de Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (IDEHPUCP); Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (IDEHPUCP, 2010)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Retos y estrategias para una política pública de memoria: el proyecto Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social (LUM) - Ledgard, Denise; Hibbett, Alexandra; De la Jara, Blas (Cuaderno de Investigación N°7, Escuela de Gobierno y Políticas Públicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018)
A pesar de que la violencia política desatada por Sendero Luminoso y el Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru contra el Estado Peruano (1980-2000) marcó profundamente nuestra historia, las políticas públicas de memoria y conmemoración de estos años son aún incipientes. No sorprende que la concreción de un proyecto estatal como el Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social (LUM) en Lima, capital de la República peruana, tuviera que responder a distintos retos, políticos, técnicos, burocrático-administrativos y académicos. La presente investigación hace un recuento detallado del proceso de creación de esta política de memoria; sistematiza los retos a los que se enfrentó y explica las estrategias desplegadas en distintos momentos para lograr la ejecución del proyecto. Asimismo, argumenta que este proceso tuvo un impacto sobre la naturaleza de la institución y su muestra permanente. La investigación busca esclarecer este efecto, además de proveer un ejemplo de cómo este tipo de política se puede ejecutar en contextos de poco apoyo público y polarización de los actores.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Cada uno, un lugar de memoria: Fundamentos conceptuales del Lugar de la Memoria, la Tolerancia y la Inclusión Social - Pino, Ponciano Del; Agüero, José Carlos (LUM, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

No hay mañana sin ayer: batallas por la memoria y consolidación democrática en el Perú - Degregori, Carlos Iván; Portugal, Tamia; Salazar, Gabriel; Aroni, Renzo (IEP, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los archivos de los derechos humanos en el Perú - Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz (Historizar el pasado vivo en América Latina, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Pasado y presente de la violencia en Colombia | Daniel Ricardo Peñaranda Supelano | Universilibros - Sánchez, Gonzalo; Peñaranda, Ricardo (La Carreta Editores E.U., 2007)
📚 Durante los últimos veinte años Pasado y presente se convirtió en un referente de los estudios sobre La Violencia. Cuando aún no se hablaba entre
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Guerreros y campesinos. El despojo de la tierra en Colombia - Reyes, Alejandro (Norma, 2008)
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Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; conflicto armado

Violencia y Política en Colombia: Elementos de Reflexió… - Pécaut, Daniel (Hombre Nuevo Editores, 2003)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Este libro constituye una compilación de algunos de los trabajos producidos por el profesor Pé…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Resumen del Acuerdo de Paz - Melo, Jorge Orlando (Revista de Economía Institucional, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Justicia Transicional y Comisiones de la Verdad - Najar, Jorge Enrique Ibáñez (Berg Institute, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La guerra escondida - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Política Pública de Archivos de Derechos Humanos, Memoria Histórica y Conflicto Armado - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica, 2017)
Libro Política Pública de Archivos de Derechos Humanos, Memoria Histórica y Conflicto Armado facebook twitter whatsapp Luego de la firma del acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno nacional y la guerrilla de las Farc, después de más de cinco décadas de conflicto armado interno, la sociedad colombiana y sus instituciones asisten a un momento histórico …
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Memoria histórica en el ámbito territorial: orientaciones para autoridades territoriales - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica, 2020)
Libro Memoria histórica desde el ámbito territorial facebook twitter whatsapp El presente documento de orientaciones se concentra en los instrumentos contemplados por la Ley de Víctimas y Restitución de Tierras (ley 1448 de 2011) referentes a la realización del derecho a la verdad, así como en aquellos relacionados con la reparación simbólica a través de …
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

¡Basta ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad - Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (¡Basta ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad, 2012)
El informe recoge las reflexiones más sobresalientes tras siete años de investigación en distintas regiones del país y la publicación de 20 informes sobre casos específicos. Es una apuesta narrativa con la que el Grupo pretende visibilizar las voces de las víctimas en la construcción de un relato nacional sobre la historia del conflicto.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Protocolo de gestión documental de los archivos referidos a las graves y manifiestas violaciones a los derechos humanos, e infracciones al derecho internacional humanitario, ocurridas con ocasión del conflicto armado interno - Archivo General De La Nación; Centro Nacional De Memoria Histórica (CENTRO NACIONAL DE MEMORIA HISTÓRICA, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Observers Observed: An Anthropologist under Surveillance - Verdery, Katherine (Anthropology Now, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Tismaneanu Report: Romania Revisits Its Past - Tanasoiu, Cosmina (Problems of Post-Communism, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Truth Commissions in Post-Communism: The Overlooked Solution? - Stan, Lavinia (The Open Political Science Journal, 2009)
Despite their increased popularity in Latin America, Africa and Asia, truth commissions have remained an overlooked solution to coming to terms with the recent human rights abuses perpetrated in communist Europe. Since the start of the democratization process in the early 1990s, only Germany, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and Romania have employed truth commissions as methods to reckon with communist crimes. These five commissions share important similarities and differences in terms of their organizational structure, goals, activity, and efficacy. The scarcity of truth commissions in post-communist Europe is explained by the nature of communist repression, the legitimacy of the communist regime as a home-grown versus an externally-imposed political set of institutions and practices, and the use of lustration and access to secret files as methods to obtain truth, justice and reconciliation in posttotalitarian times.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Recuperative memory in Romanian post-Communist society - Mitroiu, Simona (Nationalities Papers, 2016)
This paper explores the idea of “recuperative memory” with respect to the process of coming to terms with the past after the fall of the Romanian Communist regime in 1989. Its method is to examine the mechanisms used by recuperative memory in order to re-appropriate the past and emphasize the inherently mediated and multifaceted nature of this process. Using various examples from oral testimonies, autobiographical writings, literary works, and cinema, the paper argues that the role of recuperative memory is not only to facilitate the process of coming to terms with the past, but also to offer the material necessary to sustain a viable politics of memory. This entails providing a platform for the intergenerational transmission of memory and knowledge for those who did not live under the Communist regime, filling in this way the intergenerational gap, despite the lack of political class engagement.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Romania: Bottom of the Heap - Judt, Tony (The New York Review, 2001)
The February 2000 issue of the Bucharest men's magazine Plai cu Boi features one Princess Brianna Caradja. Variously clad in leather or nothing much at
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Geyer, Michael (Princeton University Press, 2003)
Broken glass, twisted beams, piles of debris--these are the early memories of the children who grew up amidst the ruins of the Third Reich. More than five decades later, German youth inhabit manicured suburbs and stroll along prosperous pedestrian malls. Shattered Past is a bold reconsideration of the perplexing pattern of Germany's twentieth-century history. Konrad Jarausch and Michael Geyer explore the staggering gap between the country's role in the terrors of war and its subsequent success as a democracy. They argue that the collapse of Communism, national reunification, and the postmodern shift call for a new reading of the country's turbulent development, one that no longer suggests continuity but rupture and conflict. Comprising original essays, the book begins by reexamining the nationalist, socialist, and liberal master narratives that have dominated the presentation of German history but are now losing their hold. Treated next are major issues of recent debate that suggest how new kinds of German history might be written: annihilationist warfare, complicity with dictatorship, the taming of power, the impact of migration, the struggle over national identity, redefinitions of womanhood, and the development of consumption as well as popular culture. The concluding chapters reflect on the country's gradual transition from chaos to civility. This penetrating study will spark a fresh debate about the meaning of the German past during the last century. There is no single master narrative, no Weltgeist, to be discovered. But there is a fascinating story to be told in many different ways.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Communist Regime in Romania: Interpretation or Condemnation? - Iacob, Bogdan C. (Sudosteuropa Mitteilungen, 2014)
The article analyses the second life of the concept of genocide In public, scholarly and legal post-2006 discourses about how to deal with the communist past In Romania. It counterpoises such problematic radical condemnations with recent developments In local historical studies. The contribution focuses on a new generation of historians (In their thirties and early forties), exemplifying these approaches by discussing novel studies about repression, Institutions and biographies. It argues that the employment of the term genocide on the one hand reflects specific traditions of public, scholarly and legal narratives about the communist regime. On the other hand, It highlights the ambiguity and misrepresentation of historical phenomena concerning the period from 1945 to 1989 in Romania. Such overbearing denunciatory attitudes potentially obfuscate the complexities and varieties of the past. Benefiting from a genuine archival revolution after 2007, young historians counterbalance opaque, uncritical narratives of victimization with a renewed will for Interpretation and revision. Adapted from the source document.
Keywords: Attitudes; Communists; Genocide; Historians; Narratives; Radicalism; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Repression (Political); Revolutions; Romania

Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions? - Horne, Cynthia M. (Democratization, 2009)
In 2006, Poland and Romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes. These late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice. While early lustration measures targeted political elites, late lustration policies include public and private sector positions, such as journalists, academics, business leaders, and others in ‘positions of public trust’. Given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding lustration, why lustrate so late in the post-communist transition and why expand the policies? The dominant explanation is that lustration is a tool of party politics and is a threat to democratic consolidation. However, the late lustration programmes do not fit this hypothesis neatly. The new laws have been restructured and packaged with other reform programmes, specifically anticorruption programmes. Late lustration has evolved to include economic and social, as well as political concerns. As such, some post-communist governments in Central and Eastern Europe appear to be trying to use lustration as a way to further the democratic transitions by addressing remaining public concerns about corruption, distrust, and inequality.
Keywords: Poland; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Romania; anticorruption; elites; lustration; transition; transitional justice

Justice et droit d'exception en guerre d'Algérie (1954-1962) - Thénault, Sylvie (Les Cahiers de la Justice, 2013)
Résumé Pendant la guerre d'indépendance algérienne, la justice constitua une des armes du combat contre les nationalistes et ceux qui les soutenaient. Fondée sur des législations d'exception, cette intervention fut massive et impliqua d'emblée les tribunaux militaires. L'ensemble de la guerre fut d'ailleurs marqué par un processus de militarisation de la justice. Cette répression judiciaire eut pour principal effet la multiplication des peines capitales dont 200, environ, furent suivies d'exécution. La magistrature d'Algérie fut d'une certaine façon mobilisée contre l'ennemi algérien, dans un contexte où ces magistrats, issus de familles européennes, jouaient aussi leur sort personnel.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Les disparus de la guerre d’Algérie du fait des forces de l’ordre françaises. Vérité et justice ? - Association Maurice Audin; Association coloniale et postcoloniale (Association Maurice Audin et Association coloniale et postcoloniale, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Hommage à Brigitte Lainé (1942-2018) – Une juste parmi les justes - Mollier, Jean-Yves (Actualité du XIXe siècle, 2018)
Décédée le 2 novembre 2018, Brigitte Lainé n’était pas seulement l’archiviste en chef chargée du patrimoine aux Archives de Paris que beaucoup d’entre nous ont connue, mais une sorte d’Antigone des temps modernes. « Catho...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Les Français disparus en Algérie dans les archives du ministère des Affaires étrangères - Georgeon-Liskenne, Anne (Gazette des archives, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Guerre d'Algérie : quand le secret défense entrave la mémoire - Leprince, Chloé (France Culture, 2019)
Comme Maurice Audin, des milliers d'Algériens disparaîtront du fait des forces de l'ordre françaises pendant la guerre d'Algérie. Emmanuel Macron a promis l'ouverture des archives pour sortir leur trace du brouillard du récit officiel et du refoulé. Historiens et familles l'attendent encore.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Handbuch Transitional Justice: Aufarbeitung von Unrecht - hin zur Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratie - Mihr, Anja; Pickel, Gert; Pickel, Susanne (Springer Fachmedien, 2018)
Dieses Handbuch ist eine systematische und methodische Einführung in das Thema Transitional Justice, das bislang vor allem durch Länderstudien zur
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archival Landscape: Archives and Human Rights - Stinnett, Graham (Progressive Librarian: A Journal for Critical Studies & Progressive Politics in Librarianship, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Strafverfahren wegen MfS-Unrechts : die Strafprozesse bundesdeutscher Gerichte gegen ehemalige Mitarbeiter des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR - Schißau, Roland (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Occasional Paper No. 1 Transitional Justice in Germany after 1945 and after 1990 - Romeike, Sanya (International Nuremberg Principles Academy, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

State Security: A Reader on the GDR Secret Police - Münkel, Daniela (Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Ostermann, Christian F.; Etges, Andreas (Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives, 2017)
Rethinking, Representing, and Remembering the Cold War: Some Cultural Perspectives was published in The Cold War on page 1.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

BETWEEN MYTH AND REALITY: THE STASI LEGACY IN GERMAN HISTORY - Jarausch, Konrad (GHI Bulletin Supplement, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Beyond the Obvious: The Stasi Records Archive as Transitional Justice Tool in an International Context - Hovestädt (ecpr.eu, 2018)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Erinnerungsorte der DDR - Sabrow, Martin (C.H.Beck, 2009)
Die DDR gibt es nicht mehr, aber im Gedächtnis lebt sie weiter, als Schreckensort einer Diktatur, in "ostalgischer" Verklärung und vor allem in Erinnerung an die Mühen um ein aufrechtes Leben in gedrückten Verhältnissen. Fünfzig Publizisten und Zeithistoriker präsentieren die wichtigsten Bezugspunkte der Erinnerung an ein untergegangenes Land.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

20 Jahre Stasi-Aufarbeitung: Vorbild oder Auslaufmodell? - Gieseke, Jens (bpb.de, 2009)
Ehemalige Mitarbeiter der Stasi wollen heutzutage nicht mehr genannt werden und berufen sich dazu auf ihr Persönlichkeitsrecht. Dem steht jedoch ein Aufklärungsinteresse entgegen. Ein Blick nach Osteuropa zeigt, dass in Deutschland breits einiges err
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Post‐totalitarian national identity: public memory in Germany and Russia - Forest, Benjamin; Johnson, Juliet; Till, Karen (Social & Cultural Geography, 2004)
Through a comparative analysis of Germany and Russia, this paper explores how participation in the memorialization process affects and reflects national identity formation in post‐totalitarian societies. These post‐totalitarian societies face the common problem of re‐presenting their national character as civic and democratic, in great part because their national identities were closely bound to oppressive regimes. Through a comparison of three memorial sites—Sachsenhausen concentration camp memorial in Germany, and Lubianka Square and the Park of Arts in Russia—we argue that even where dramatic reductions in state power and the opening of civil society have occurred, a simple elite–public dichotomy cannot adequately capture the nature of participation in the process of memory re‐formation. Rather, mutual interactions among multiple publics and elites, differing in kind and intensity across contexts, combine to form a complex pastiche of public memory that both interprets a nation's past and suggests desirable models for its future. The domination of a ‘Western’ style of memorialization in former East Germany illustrates how even relatively open debates can lead to the exclusion of certain representations of the nation. Nonetheless, Germany has had comparatively vigorous public debates about memorializing its totalitarian periods. In contrast, Russian elite groups have typically circumvented or manipulated participation in the memorialization process, reflecting both a reluctance to deal with Russia's totalitarian past and a emerging national identity less civic and democratic than in Germany.
Keywords: Germany; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Russia; monuments and memorials; politics of memory; public memory

Die Akteneinsicht. Von der revolutionären Aktion zum Gesetz - Bildung, Bundeszentrale für politische (bpb.de, 2017)
Was heute wie eine Selbstverständlichkeit wirkt – das Recht auf die Einsichtnahme in die eigene Stasi-Akte oder die Möglichkeit der Überprüfung politischer Mandatsträger auf eine mögliche Spitzeltätigkeit für das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit – wu
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Die Überlieferung der Diktaturen. Beiträge zum Umgang mit Archiven der Geheimpolizei in Polen und Deutschland nach 1989 - Beaupré, Nicolas; Dakowska, Dorota (Klartext Verlag, 2004)
Warum ist das Institut für Nationales Gedächtnis – IPN (das Pendant zur Gauck-Behörde) erst 1998 gegründet worden? Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen dem Verlauf der politischen Wende in Deutschland bzw. in Polen, der Entscheidung über die
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice - Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (United States Institute of Peace, 2007)
This report focuses on the often-ignored challenges faced by those seeking, through memorialization, to help repair societies that are emerging from violent conflict. The summary matrix at the end of this report provides recommendations to international actors interested in assisting in that process.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Securing the Communist State: The Reconstruction of Coercive Institutions in the Soviet Zone of Germany and Romania, 1944–1948 - Van De Grift, Liesbeth (Lexington Books, 2011)
From Berlin to Bucharest, from Warsaw to Sofia, Soviet tanks crossed national borders across East Central Europe at the end of the Second World War. The arrival of the Red Army marked an important turn in history. Within only a few years, the often unpopular communist parties developed into political organizations with mass followings. They managed to seize power, eliminate political opposition to their rule, and purge the state apparatus of undesirable personnel. In Securing the Communist State, Liesbeth van de Grift provides a new understanding of these organizations using recently disclosed material from the communist archives in Berlin and Bucharest. She reveals how these communist parties gained control over the security apparatus after 1945 in East Central Europe from a transitional justice perspective, focusing on purges and personnel policies. This book shows that the personal break after 1945 was not as radical as is often thought.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Miecz i tarcza komunizmu. Historia aparatu bezpieczeństwa w Polsce 1944-1990 - Terlecki, Ryszard (Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2013)
Pierwsza popularna książka o służbach specjalnych PRL. Efekt siedmioletniej pracy naukowej jednego z pierwszych pracowników IPN-u. Pełna wstrząsających faktów, przystępnie napisana, historia służb sp...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Prezentul trecutului recent: Lustraţie şi decomunizare în postcomunism - Stan, Lavinia (Curtea Veche, 2010)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. O lucrare de anvergura, volumul de fata examineaza modul in care toate tarile est europene pos…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La nación tras el diluvio. Una perspectiva germano-oriental. - Schultz, Helga (Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 2000)
Helga Schultz reconsidera la RDA y su forma nacional desde un punto de vista germano-oriental. Entiende la RDA como un intento de construir una peculiar nación socialista alemana, pero laimposibilidad de alcanzar esta aspiración es examinada junto con la sorprendente división entre ambas partes de la nueva Alemania «unida» y la nueva eínicizaci¿n de los alemanes del Este. El articulo revisa también la «sociedad obrera» socialista, como producto del socialismo real.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; historia; historia contemporánea; historia de España; historia universal; revista

Osočení – Pravdivé příběhy lidí z "Cibulkova seznamu" - Salivarová-Škvorecká, Zdena (Nakladatelství Host, 2000)
Publicistika.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

‎Bastionul cruzimii. O istorie a Securitatii (1948-1964) - Oprea, Marius (Polirom, 2016)
O prima monografie a Securitatii in primele ei doua decenii de existenta volumul sintetizeaza cercetarile intreprinse de istoricul Marius Oprea specializat in investigarea activitatii fostei politii politice comuniste din Romania. Bastionul cruzimii prezinta intr-o riguroasa documentare stiintifica adevarata fata a Securitatii: de la organizarea interna la modul de derulare a anchetelor de la legislatia cu caracter represiv la torturile si crimele acesteia fara sa omita locul aparatului represiv in sistemul de putere comunist si faptul ca acesta a jucat rolul de „brat inarmat al partidului in lupta de clasa“. O lectura necesara atat pentru istorici si studentii la facultatile de profil cat si pentru toti cei interesati de istoria recenta a Romaniei.Cuprins: Politia politica – instrument al sovietizarii Romaniei Nasterea Securitatii Securistii lui Dej Bazele „muncii de Securitate“ Partidul si Securitatea Scrupule si epoleti: Securitatea in lupta pentru putere dintre liderii comunisti
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Prawdy jak chleba - Niezabitowska, Małgorzata (Prószyński, 2007)
Procesowy thriller, powieść kryminalna, poradnik jak radzić sobie w sytuacjach ekstremalnych, historia przygodowa stanu wojennego, opowieść o miłości i przyjaźni - książka Małgorzaty Niezabitowskiej ł...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los orígenes del Partido del Socialismo Democrático (1989-1993): el ave fénix roja en Alemania - de la Guardia, Ricardo Martín (Ayer, 2005)
El Partido del Socialismo Democrático (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus), surgido de la descomposición interna del SED (Sozialistiscbe Einbeitspartei Deutschlands), es un caso relevante de adaptación de los partidos únicos en los regímenes comunistas a la democracia plurípar-tidista. Dadas las peculiaridades de la transición en la República Democrática de Alemania, acelerada por su rápida integración en la República Federal, el SED no tuvo la oportunidad de transformarse en una organización socialdemócrata como en la mayoría de los países del Este, pues ya existían el SPD y, a su izquierda, los Verdes. Este hecho explica la importancia histórica de seguirlo en sus primeros pasos para analizar las dificultades de pervivencia de la estructura del partido único y explicar de esta manera su inserción en el sistema de partidos alemán posterior a la Reunificación. Resulting from the decay of the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands), the Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus) typifies the adaptation of Eastern and Central European Communist state parties into multiparty democracy. Given the peculiarities of the GDR's political transition— a process which was accelerated by its rapid integration into the Federal Republic—, the SED had no chance to develop into a Social Democratic party as that political space was already occupied by the SPD and, further left, the Greens. Hence the importance of tracing the origins of the PDS, that is, the old party structure's struggle for survival and its inclusion in the post-unification German party system.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Wokół Jedwabnego, t. 1 Studia - Machcewicz, Paweł; Persak, Krzysztof (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2002)
pod red. Pawła Machcewicza i Krzysztofa Persaka, t.1 Studia Publikacja Wokół Jedwabnego, przygotowana przez Biuro Edukacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, prezentuje wyniki badań naukowych na...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Las redes del terror: Las policías secretas comunistas y su legado - Faraldo, Jose Maria (Galaxia Gutenberg, 2018)
El libro LAS REDES DEL TERROR de JOSE MARIA FARALDO en Casa del Libro: ¡descubre las mejores ofertas y envíos gratis!
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Problem lustracji w Europie Środkowej i krajach bałtyckich - Opalińska, Agnieszka (IN GREMIUM, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

13 : L'ouverture des archives d'une police politique communiste : le cas tchèque, de Zdena Salivarová à Milan Kundera - Blaive, Muriel (Archives et histoire dans les sociétés postcommunistes, 2009)
Pendant soixante-dix ans, la recherche sur le monde soviétique s’est élaborée sans possibilité de recours aux sources primaires. « Discipline » à mi-chemin entre l’histoire immédiate et la science politique, la soviétologie, comme on l’appelait alors, était privée de l’outil traditionnel de l’historien : les archives. De ce fait, elle était d’autant plus perméable aux présupposés idéologiques. Bien que leur ouverture soit encore partielle et inégale selon les pays, les archives du monde communiste ont permis des avancées notables dans l’historiographie. Traduisant le rapport qu’entretiennent aujourd’hui les sociétés postcommunistes avec leur passé, leur usage public a encouragé le questionnement sur la centralité accordée aux dossiers des polices politiques. D’autres lectures des archives de la surveillance, d’autres champs de recherche ont pu être explorés, qu’il s’agisse des relations entre les dirigeants et entre les États, des rapports entre l’État-Parti et la société ou encore de l’approfondissement d’épisodes majeurs de l’histoire comme la Shoah à l’Est, longtemps négligée. Revers de la médaille, l’ouverture des archives et la dramaturgie autour de leurs révélations ont mis en relief un usage public du passé qui rappelle la fragilité de l’histoire comme discipline autonome. Issu d’un colloque organisé par la BDIC à l’université de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre, cet ouvrage collectif rassemble des travaux d’archivistes et d’historiens qui tentent ici un bilan, vingt ans après la chute du Mur de Berlin, de l’apport de l’archive à l’historiographie et à l’intelligibilité de l’expérience communiste.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Informatorul. Studiu asupra colaborării cu Securitatea - Albu, Mihai (2008)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Fara aportul colaboratorilor, Securitatea nu ar fi putut exercita un control atit de strict as…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los fondos documentales del franquismo en los archivos militares - Rial Quintela, María del Carmen (La alargada sombra del franquismo naturaleza, mecanismos de pervivencia y huellas de la dictadura, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Un archivo vivo de la guerra civil española. El auténtico archivo de la guerra - Núñez, Guillermo Pastor (Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural., 2019)
La movilización de todos los recursos durante la Guerra Civil Española alcanzó también el ámbito de la Cultura y la Gestión del Patrimonio. Si bien son más conocidas iniciativas relacionadas con el Museo del Prado o la Biblioteca Nacional, desde el principio se tuvo en cuenta la creación de un Archivo de la Guerra, donde se reunirían todos los testimonios escritos de todas aquellas unidades militares o asociaciones políticas que lucharon en defensa de la República. Este archivo, después de la guerra, fue incautado y perdió su carácter, pero los documentos que lo compusieron pasaron a formar parte de otros centros de conservación, donde se difunden bajo otro contexto. Con estas referencias ahora fragmentadas se ha podido reconstruir su historia y deducir su destino una vez terminada la Guerra Civil. Del mismo modo, esta reconstrucción histórica permite recuperar el sentido y la naturaleza de esta iniciativa archivística que, como un elemento de lucha y propaganda, supo sacar provecho de los archivos y ser narrador de la movilización social en defensa de la República. Recientemente, y de forma espontánea, han tenido lugar iniciativas que podrían emparentar con este archivo de la guerra, fórmulas para convertir los archivos en instrumentos vivos con una función social y reivindicativa de clase.
Keywords: Archival Science; Archives; Archivística; Community Archives; Documentary Heritage; Gestión del Patrimonio; Guerra Civil Española; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Spanish Civil War; clase obrera; cultura obrera; working class

EL ARCHIVO DE GUERRA CIVIL DE SALAMANCA. DE LA CAMPAÑA A LA TRANSICIÓN - Romero, Jesús ESPINOSA; López, Sofía RODRÍGUEZ (Paseo documental por el Madrid de antaño, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los archivos españoles en el siglo XX: políticas archivísticas y producción bibliográfica - Alonso, Vicenta Cortés; Gómez, Pedro López; Quintana, Antonio González (ANABAD, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Act 52 of 2007 - Medical care availability and reduction of error (MCARE) act. Chapter 4. Health care-associated infections - health.pa.gov (2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The making of the "Rape of Nanking": History and Memory in Japan, China, and the United States (A Study of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University) - Orr, James (Pacific Affairs, 2007)
In Japan's case, there was hardly any awareness of the Nanjing atrocities in wartime, such sensibilities being deprived of fuel by censorship and overwhelmed by popular war fever and the desire to see Japan as the champion of international justice. The civil war with the Nationalists and the ensuing Cold War meant that PRC propaganda regarding Nanjing focused on Nationalist incompetence and US dastardliness, as in purported ulterior motives behind the establishment of the Nanjing safety zone for civilian Chinese.
Keywords: Atrocities; Business And Economics; Cold War; Consciousness; History--History Of Asia; Political Science; Political Science--International Relations; Rape; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works

Identity Politics and the East China Sea: China as Japan's ‘Other’ - Yennie Lindgren, Wrenn; Lindgren, Petter Y. (Asian Politics & Policy, 2017)
This article contributes to the relational IR literature on identity politics and Sino-Japanese relations. Theoretically, we develop Rumelili's framework for studying modes of differentiation by incorporating the sectoral characteristics of key discourse signs. Empirically, we apply this framework to the construction of Self and Other in the official Japanese security discourse regarding the Senkaku Islands dispute from 2010–2014, a period of dispute climax that is meaningful for studying the (re)production of Japan's understanding of China. The inclusiveness of the discourse signs that Japan uses to construct China possibly opens up for a positive evolution of Sino-Japanese relations, as there is space for progress if China's behavior—and Japan's interpretation of it—proves to be more peaceful, transparent, and law-abiding. The findings also suggest, however, that the strong sense of superiority in Japan (and China) vis-à-vis a subordinate Other may not bode well for Sino-Japanese relations.
Keywords: East China Sea; Japan; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; constructivism; identity; security policy; 东海; 关键词: 日本; 安全政策; 建构主义; 认同

China hails UNESCO listing of Nanjing massacre files - Xinhua (China.org.cn, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

UNESCO listing of Nanjing massacre shows global consensus- China.org.cn - Xinhua (China.org.cn, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Terms of Reference: Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) on the Examination of the Most Appropriate Legal Framework for the Memory of the World (MoW) Programme - Unesco; Memory of the World (Unesco, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Yasukuni Shrine: History, Memory, and Japan’s Unending Postwar - Takenaka, Akiko (University of Hawai'i Press, 2015)
This is the first extensive English-language study of Yasukuni Shrine as a war memorial. It explores the controversial shrine's role in waging war, promoting peace, honoring the dead, and, in particular, building Japan's modern national identity. It traces Yasukuni's history from its conceptualization in the final years of the Tokugawa period and Japan's wars of imperialism to the present. Author Akiko Takenaka departs from existing scholarship on Yasukuni by considering various themes important to the study of war and its legacies through a chronological and thematic survey of the shrine, emphasizing the spatial practices that took place both at the shrine and at regional sites associated with it over the last 150 years. Rather than treat Yasukuni as a single, unchanging ideological entity, she takes into account the social and political milieu, maps out gradual transformations in both its events and rituals, and explicates the ideas that the shrine symbolizes. Takenaka illuminates the ways the shrine's spaces were used during wartime, most notably in her reconstructions, based on primary sources, of visits by war-bereaved military families to the shrine during the Asia-Pacific War. She also traces important episodes in Yasukuni's postwar history, including the filing of lawsuits against the shrine and recent attempts to reinvent it for the twenty-first century. Through a careful analysis of the shrine's history over one and a half centuries, her work views the making and unmaking of a modern militaristic Japan through the lens of Yasukuni Shrine. Yasukuni Shrine: History, Memory, and Japan's Unending Postwar is a skilled and innovative examination of modern and contemporary Japan's engagement with the critical issues of war, empire, and memory. It will be of particular interest to readers of Japanese history and culture as well as those who follow current affairs and foreign relations in East Asia. Its discussion of spatial practices in the life of monuments and the political use of images, media, and museum exhibits will find a welcome audience among those engaged in memory, visual culture, and media studies.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Towards a ‘common’ view of difficult past? The representation of atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in trilateral teaching materials - Szczepanska, Kamila (Journal of Peace Education, 2017)
The centrality of atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japanese collective memory has been often perceived by the country’s neighbours, i.e. the People’s Republic of China and South Korea, as a pillar of the country’s (alleged) ‘victim consciousness’ and amnesia in regard to the suffering inflicted on others. For this reason, the matter of how Hiroshima and Nagasaki’s fate is discussed on the pages of joint teaching materials is an interesting puzzle. The article uses two supplementary history teaching materials published within a framework of trilateral cooperation between non-governmental actors from the PRC, South Korea and Japan (History that Opens the Future [Mirai o hiraku rekishi] and The New Modern and Contemporary History of East Asia [Atarashi Higashi Ajia no kingendaishi]) as case studies to investigate how the fate and meaning of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are represented in the above-mentioned books. The article discusses traces of contestation and negotiation over the representation of the atomic bombings emerging from relevant descriptions, and the extent to which the narrative on Japanese wartime suffering is included in these materials. The findings concerning the atomic bombings are discussed in relation to broader topic of reconciliation and alleviating the burden of wartime past in East Asia for the purpose of building peaceful future.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The importance of ‘Othering’ in China's national identity: Sino-Japanese relations as a stage of identity conflicts - Suzuki, Shogo (The Pacific Review, 2007)
Recent studies have increasingly argued that the Chinese leadership uses Japan’s imperialistic past as a tool for domestic and political bargaining. However, this argument fails to appreciate the embedded nature of negative memories within China. This article forwards an alternative argument by situating Japanese militaristic history within Chinese national identity. By examining a wide range of Chinese primary sources often underutilized by International Relations (IR) analysts, it moves beyond narrow, elite-centred explanations. The article argues that modern China’s national identity has been characterized by an acute sense of ‘victimhood’ arising from its turbulent interactions with International Society, and that Japan plays an important role as an ‘Other’ which enhances China’s self-image as a ‘victim’. Furthermore, it claims that Japan’s emergence as an ‘Other’ in China’s national identity is a by-product of China’s attempts to regain its social and moral legitimacy within a post-Cold War International Society increasingly dominated by the Western powers. By highlighting the deeply entrenched nature of Japanese imperialist history in China’s national identity, the article also shows that history is more than just part of a ‘toolkit’ that can be rationally utilized by the political elite, and that states are moral agents that are deeply affected by history.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 27, 2017 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 14, 2016 (PM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary June 3, 2016 (PM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary November 9, 2015 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 13, 2015 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary Wednesday, June 11, 2014 (AM) - Suga, Yoshihide (Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Mediated Massacre: Digital Nationalism and History Discourse on China's Web - Schneider, Florian (The Journal of Asian Studies, 2018)
On China's web, networked actors ranging from state agencies to private Internet users engage in highly active online discourse. Yet as diverse as this discourse may be, political content remains highly regulated, particularly on issues that affect the legitimacy of the ruling party. A prominent issue in this regard has been modern Chinese history, particularly the "national humiliation" that Japan inflicted on China's populace during events like the 1937 Nanjing Massacre. This article asks how the discourse on this particular event is structured on China's web, and what such practices of digital "remembering" can tell us about nationalism in the information age. Combining content analysis and digital tools, the article shows how the mass-media model that the Chinese authorities and various commercial actors apply to the web ultimately reproduces the very logic of "imagined communities" that makes reconciliation of historical disputes in East Asia so protracted.
Keywords: Asian Studies; Asian history; Chinese languages; Collective memory; Communication; Content analysis; Cultural heritage; Digital broadcasting; Digital media; Discourse; Disputes; Encyclopedias; Government agencies; Historiography; Humiliation; Information sources; International relations; Internet; Knowledge; Legitimacy; Literature; Mass media; Mass murders; Massacres; Memory; Modern history; Narratives; Nation states; National reconciliation; Nationalism; Political Science--International Relations; Political discourse; Political power; Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works; Social networks

Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? - Rose, Caroline (Routledge, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Press Conference by the Chief Cabinet Secretary October 13, 2017 (AM) | Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet - Nogami, Kotaro (2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

A failure of global documentary heritage? UNESCO's ‘memory of the world’ and heritage dissonance in East Asia - Nakano, Ryoko (Contemporary Politics, 2018)
UNESCO’s ‘Memory of the World’ Programme promotes the preservation, universal access and public awareness of the world’s signiﬁcant documents as the common heritage of all humankind. The inscription of the ‘Documents of Nanjing Massacre’ into the ‘Memory of the World’ Register in 2015 reﬂects an increasingly globalised concern in the post–Cold War era over the remembrance of war and atrocity. Yet it has reignited the tension between Japan and China, resulting in strong pressure on UNESCO to reform its selection process for contested heritage. This paper addresses the limitations encountered by UNESCO in pursuing the promotion of global documentary heritage from an English School perspective. The 2015 controversy is relevant and indicative to an important question of International Relations on an inherent tension between the solidarist forces of promoting a normative agenda on human rights and common heritage and the pluralist pull of maintaining sovereignty and bringing heritage back to the hands of states.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

On the Persistence of the Japanese History Problem: Historicism and the International Politics of History - Koyama, Hitomi (Routledge, 2018)
In Japan, people often refer to August 15, 1945 as the end of
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

New inscriptions on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register (Statement by Foreign Press Secretary Yasuhisa Kawamura) - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives for a Peaceful Future: A Guidance Note for Working with the Archives of Truth Commissions in Dealing with the Past - Rubli, Sandra (Swisspeace, 2013)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

38th session of the General Conference of UNESCO Speech by the head of the Japanese delegation - Hase, Hiroshi (Unesco, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Sino-Japanese battle for soft power: pitfalls and promises - Hagström, Linus (Global Affairs, 2015)
Beijing and Tokyo are currently involved in a zero-sum battle for soft power. Both governments are actively trying to shape how third party actors understand contested matters in their bilateral relationship. The dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands is the most obvious flashpoint in this ongoing struggle for hearts and minds. A soft power battle might seem like an innocent endeavour, but by entrenching enmity and legitimizing armed conflict, it might actually translate into one where hard power takes centre stage. Indeed, that the dissemination and entrenchment of affective identity narrative make violence seem normal, natural, realistic or perhaps even inevitable is the greatest danger associated with the ongoing Sino-Japanese dispute. However, if both parties were to agree to let the International Court of Justice settle their discord, the islands dispute could provide them with a chance to boost their respective soft power and lay the groundwork for a more peaceful order in East Asia. The article thus argues that the Sino-Japanese soft power battle contains both well-known pitfalls and a less well-known promise.
Keywords: China; Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands; Japan; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; identity; narrative; soft power

Temporal othering, de-securitisation and apologies: understanding Japanese security policy change - Gustafsson, Karl (Journal of International Relations and Development, 2020)
For several decades, Japan kept in place significant self-imposed constraints on its security policy even as its economy grew tremendously. While it has been argued that Japan refrained from enacting security policy change because of strong domestic pacifist or anti-militarist sentiments, recently, radical policy changes have nonetheless taken place. How can these changes be understood? The existing explanations typically see them as a response to objectively existing or constructed external threats. Such threat constructions might have contributed to the policy changes, but do not fully account for how the conditions that previously limited similar changes have altered. This article combines temporal othering and de-securitisation theory to account more fully for the policy changes. It shows that during the post-war period, Japan’s temporal other, that is its wartime self, was securitised within Japan, limiting changes in security policy. More recently, however, a de-securitisation of the Japanese temporal other has taken place, which has enabled more far-reaching policy change. Apologies have played a key role in this de-securitisation process by repeating and strengthening an identity narrative about how fundamentally different Japan has become from its past wartime self.
Keywords: Apology; De-securitisation; Japan; Re-articulation; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Security; Temporal othering

Routinised recognition and anxiety: Understanding the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Review of International Studies, 2016)
Why do interstate relations deteriorate and become conflictual, even under conditions where one might expect improved ties? The article seeks an answer to this question through a case study of the deterioration in Sino-Japanese relations in the twenty-first century, which took place despite the existence of several factors that might be thought likely to have led to an improvement. Existing theoretical approaches cannot fully explain this puzzle. The article argues that such deteriorations can result from disruptions to states' reciprocally performed routinised recognition, and identifies three mechanisms through which these can occur. To facilitate this argument, the article draws on scholarship on relational identity, recognition, and ontological security to develop a theory of identity construction that takes account of how self and other routinise the ways in which they recognise each other and how they react to the other's representational practices.
Keywords: 21st century; Anxiety; Case studies; Identity; International relations; Ontology; Political Science--International Relations; Political theory; Power; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Scholarship

How to make former aggressors repent through shaming and praising: the case of Sino-Japanese relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Global Affairs, 2015)
The past wrongdoings of states have received increased attention in recent years, resulting in calls for contrition and apologies. Most commentary has provided policy advice primarily on how former aggressors should handle such “history problems”. The present article, by contrast, draws on insights from research on recognition and ontological security to construct a framework for how external actors can use shaming and praising to influence the ways in which former aggressors deal with the past. The framework is illustrated in a brief case study of Sino-Japanese relations. Three main policy prescriptions are presented: (1) denial of the former aggressor's identity should be avoided; (2) shaming should instead take the form of suggesting that the former aggressor's behaviour is not in accordance with its self-identity; and (3) such shaming is likely to be more successful if it is accompanied by praise for the target.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Sino-Japanese relations; apologies; history problems; ontological security; recognition; shaming

Identity and recognition: remembering and forgetting the post-war in Sino-Japanese relations - Gustafsson, Karl (The Pacific Review, 2015)
In the 1990s, Japanese views of China were relatively positive. In the 2000s, however, views of China have deteriorated markedly and China has increasingly come to be seen as ‘anti-Japanese’. How can these developments, which took place despite increased economic interdependence, be understood? One seemingly obvious explanation is the occurrence of ‘anti-Japanese’ incidents in China since the mid-2000s. I suggest that these incidents per se do not fully explain the puzzle. Protests against other countries occasionally occur and may influence public opinion. Nonetheless, the interpretation of such events arguably determines their significance. Demonstrations may be seen as legitimate or spontaneous. If understood as denying recognition of an actor's self-identity, the causes of such incidents are likely to have considerably deeper and more severe consequences than what would otherwise be the case. Through an analysis of Japanese parliamentary debates and newspaper editorials, the paper demonstrates that the Chinese government has come to be seen as denying Japan's self-identity as a peaceful state that has provided China with substantial amounts of official development aid (ODA) during the post-war era. This is mainly because China teaches patriotic education, which is viewed as the root cause of ‘anti-Japanese’ incidents. China, then, is not regarded as ‘anti-Japanese’ merely because of protests against Japan and attacks on Japanese material interests but for denying a key component of Japan's self-image. Moreover, the analysis shows that explicit Chinese statements recognising Japan's self-identity have been highly praised in Japan. The article concludes that if China recognises Japan's self-understanding of its identity as peaceful, Japan is more likely to stick to this identity and act accordingly whereas Chinese denials of it might empower Japanese actors who seek to move away from this identity and ‘normalise’ Japan, for example, by revising the pacifist Article Nine of the Japanese constitution.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Sino-Japanese relations; anti-Japanism; identity; ontological security; recognition

Memory Politics and Ontological Security in Sino-Japanese Relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Asian Studies Review, 2014)
Most international relations (IR) research on the role of collective memory and representations of the past gives the impression that these primarily matter for states constrained internationally by their history as aggressors, such as Japan. How former perpetrator states represent the past is seen as important for bilateral relations because it may affect perceptions in previously victimised states. Representations of the past in the victimised states are seldom dealt with. This article argues that war memory in victimised states is also highly relevant for bilateral relations, since it is closely connected to “ontological security”, or the “security of identity”. By analysing Chinese ofﬁcial documents and Japanese parliamentary debates the article shows how the Chinese government has used representations of the past for ontological security purposes, and how in response Japanese political actors have politicised exhibits at Chinese war museums that are seen as a threat to Japanese identity and interests.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Is China's Discursive Power Increasing? The "Power of the Past" in Sino-Japanese Relations - Gustafsson, Karl (Asian Perspective, 2014)
The idea that China's rise, and more specifically its increased material capabilities, are about to produce a power shift in East Asia raises the question whether the Chinese government's ability to produce effects through discursive power has also increased. The government's use of discourses about China's war against Japan is a conspicuous example of attempts to exercise discursive power. Has China's ability to use the past for political purposes increased as its material capabilities have grown? To answer this question, I theorize on the use of discourses about the past on three levels-domestic, bilateral, and international. My analysis demonstrates that notwithstanding its increased material capabilities, the Chinese government's discursive power has actually decreased.
Keywords: Collective memory; Economic growth; Identity; International relations; Ontology; Political Science; Political Science--International Relations; Political power; Politics; Power; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Studies

China to set up database for Nanjing Massacre files after UNESCO listing - Global Times - Xinhua Published (Global Times, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Japanese history textbook controversy at a crossroads?: joint history research, politicization of textbook adoption process, and apology fatigue in Japan - Fukuoka, Kazuya (Global Change, Peace & Security, 2018)
Japan’s kyōkasho mondai (history textbook controversy) is at a crossroads. This article tries to exemplify it through the analysis of three issue areas at three levels (international, domestic, and societal). Internationally, the study looks into the failure of much anticipated joint history writing projects with China (2006–2010) and South Korea (2002–2005, 2007–2010). Domestically, this study problematises the recent politicisation of the textbook adoption system through the analysis of the Yokohama and Tokyo cases. The article also discusses the role of Nippon Kaigi (The Japan Conference), an influential rightist lobbying group, in this process. In this conjunction, at the societal level, there seems to have been the growing sense of frustration and resignation with China / South Korea among the Japanese public (i.e. apology fatigue). All these suggest that there has been an underlying change in the landscape of history textbook controversy in Japan, which also cogently shows the on-going practical difficulty in building trustworthy relationships between Japan and China / South Korea. This study tries to offer a contextual understanding about the underlying conditions for (and, hence, the changing societal expectations about) textbook production, content and reception.
Keywords: Correction; History textbook controversy; Japan; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; apology fatigue; joint history textbook research; securitization; textbook adoption process

Nanjing Massacre memorial sees record visitors on Tomb-Sweeping Day - China - Chinadaily.com.cn - Xinhua (China daily, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Encoded Archival Description (EAD) - Society of American Archivists (Society of American Archivists, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

ISDF International Standard for Describing Functions - Committee on Best Practices and Standards (International Council on Archives, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

ISAD(G): General international standard archival description; adopted by the Committee on Descriptive Standards, Stockholm, Sweden, 19-22 Sept. 1999 - International Council of Archives (ICA Standards, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

State Coordinated Violence in Chad under Hissène Habré - Silva, Romesh; Klingner, Jeff; Weikart, Scott (Human Rights Data Analysis Group, 2010)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La Plaine des Morts - Le Tchad de Hissène Habré, 1982-1990 - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2013)
Cet ouvrage de 714 pages, intitulé La Plaine des Morts, se base sur treize années de recherches pour démontrer que Habré était personnellement impliqué dans les abus perpétrés lorsqu’il était au pouvoir de 1982 à 1990, essentiellement par le biais du contrôle étroit qu’il exerçait sur sa redoutée police politique, la Direction de la Documentation et de la Sécurité (DDS).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Œuvres complètes - Camus, Albert (La Pléiade, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Supported by France, Convicted by Africa France-Chad Relations during the Hissène Habré’s Rule (1982-1990) - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Allié de la France, condamné par l’Afrique - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
Le rapport décrit comment la France a apporté une aide cruciale à Hissène Habré dans sa prise de pouvoir au Tchad, alors même qu’il était déjà évident qu’il utilisait des méthodes d'une extrême brutalité.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

US, France Backed Convicted Chad Dictator - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
The United States and France were well aware of Hissène Habré’s brutal record, and yet continued to support him throughout his rule. Both countries should examine how and why they supported a man convicted of crimes against humanity.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal) - International Court of Justice (icj-cij.org, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

UNESCO Women in Africa History - Unesco (Unesco, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

TALKING ABOUT ROSE, PRISONER OF HISSÈNE HABRÉ. English subtitles - Miss Wasabi Films (2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Trial of Hissène Habré - A Senegalese Merchant Testifies - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Enabling a Dictator: the United States and Chad's Hissène Habré 1982-1990 - Human Rights Watch (Organization) (Human Rights Watch, 2016)
"The report, 'Enabling a Dictator: The United States and Chad's Hissène Habré 1982-1990s,' describes how France, and especially the United States, were pivotal in bringing Habré to power, although signs of his brutality were already evident. The two countries saw Habré as a bulwark against the expansionist designs of Libyas Muammar Gaddafi, whose forces were occupying northern Chad. Human Rights Watch details how both the United States and France continued to provide Habrés government with critical support, even as it committed widespread and systematic human rights violations"--Publisher's description
Keywords: 1900-1999; 20th century; Atrocities; Chad; Crimes against humanity; Genocide; Habré, Hissein; Human rights; Politics and government; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Social conditions; War criminals

Chasseur de dictateurs - Vidéo Dailymotion - Hazan, Pierre (2007)
De 1982 à 1990, Hissène Habré a fait peser une dictature sanglante sur le Tchad. Renversé en 1990, il s'est réfugié au Sénégal. Reed Brody, l'un des dirigeants de l'association Human Rights Watch, le traque avec le droit comme arme. En voir plus sur : http://www.vodeo.tv/5-31-2044-chasseur-de-dictateurs.html?PARTID=9084
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Hissène Habré : le jour où nous sommes tombés sur les documents de la terreur - Le Monde (Le Monde.fr, 2015)
Le procès de l’ex-dictateur tchadien s’ouvre ce lundi au Sénégal. Le spécialiste Pierre Hazan raconte comment il a pénétré, avec un représentant de Human Rights Watch, dans le QG de l’ex-police politique et découvert un trésor de documents
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Jugement de la Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire d’Assises - Chambre Africaine Extraordinaire D'assises (2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Senegal: Obama Backs Hissène Habré Court - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2013)
President Barack Obama’s endorsement of Senegal’sefforts to bring to book the former Chadiandictator Hissène Habré is a recognition of the case’s importance for African justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Final Comprehensive Report - Truth & Dignity Commission (The Final Comprehensive Report, 2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Tunisia Truth Commission report (Part II): Justice and prisons, tools of oppression - Belhassine, Olfa (JusticeInfo.net, 2019)
Among the mechanisms on which the Bourguiba and Ben Ali regimes relied was the justice system which became a tool of government, and prisons, where all manner of violence and abuse took place. In its section on the mechanisms of systemic crimes, the report of the Truth and Dignity Commission (IVD) dissects these two tools […]
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Tunisie - Une démocratisation au-dessus de tout soupçon ? - Geisser, Vincent; Allal, Amin (CNRS Editions, 2018)
Tunisie - Une démocratisation au-dessus de tout soupçon ? (EAN13 : 9782271118073) édité par CNRS Editions - Premières élections pluralistes, nouvelle constitution, multiplication des partis et des associations, montée des revendications des minorités sexuelles, régionales et religieuses, recomposition du personnel politico-administratif, explosion des conflits autour de la question sociale…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Ahmed Timol: the quest for justice for people murdered in apartheid's jails - Thomas, Kylie (The Conversation, 2019)
In South Africa’s criminal justice system post-1994, the Timol case is the first to enact what can be properly understood as restorative justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Overview: South African Human Rights Commission: PAIA 2011/12 annual report - Parliament of the Republic of South Africa (Parliament of the Republic of South Africa, 2012)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Accounting and reconciling in the balance sheet of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Rousseau, Nicky; Fullard, Madeleine (Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 2009)
A body of critical academic literature has characterized the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as a nation-building enterprise with reconciliation as its core. Although this literature is especially influential within South African scholarship, the association of the TRC with reconciliation has become a far wider orthodoxy. An engagement with the full range of the TRC's hearings, its institutional practice and its seven-volume report demonstrates a more contested perspective, involving a wider range of actors, and contending directions, most notably a drive to establish accountability for human rights’ abuse.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission; accountability and human rights' abuse; nation-building; reconciliation; transitional justice; truth commissions

Public Access to Information for Development: A Guide to the Effective Implementation of Right to Information Laws - Lemieux, Victoria L.; Trapnell, Stephanie E. (The World Bank, 2016)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Overcoming the apartheid legacy: the special case of the Freedom Charter - Dominy, Graham (Archival Science, 2013)
This paper outlines the construction of the ‘‘ofﬁcial’’ archives of the South African apartheid state and the distorted view they contain concerning social and political realities. Therefore, the colonial and apartheid legacies are examined in a broader context as an oppressive social and political system, as well as in the more speciﬁc context of how their legacy is reﬂected in the ofﬁcial archives. The development and popular endorsement of the Freedom Charter of 1955 was a seminal moment of challenge to the increasing oppression of the apartheid state. In later decades, the Freedom Charter became an iconic reference point in the antiapartheid struggle and the inspiration for the construction of a constitutional democracy in the 1990s. The process of its creation stands in stark contrast to the processes of creation of ofﬁcial records and archives. The paper also examines the survival of the Freedom Charter and the struggle to save it from auction in London and secure its safe passage to the National Archives of South Africa. Finally, questions of meaning and ideological signiﬁcance are asked in relation to the role of a National Archives in the current dominant historical narrative.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Why the past matters : studying public administration in South Africa - Chipkin, I.; Meny-Gibert, S. (Journal of Public Administration, 2012)
The state of the public sector in South Africa is heavily influenced by particular histories of state administration related to the legacy of apartheid and the nature of the political transition to democracy. We suggest, however, that there is a paucity of scholarly work in the discipline of Public Administration which takes into account this legacy and the manner in which the public sector is embedded in broader social, political and economic relations. This has had significant consequences for the particular models of public administration adopted. In making our case for the importance of applying a historical lens to the study of the public sector, we draw on research on the incorporation of the former Bantustans into provincial government administration in South Africa.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Paper Wars: Access to Information in South Africa - Allan, Kate (Wits University Press, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

State of the Archives: An Analysis of South Africa’s National Archival System, 2014 - The Archival Platform (The Archival Platform, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The odd couple: why an apartheid activist joined forces with a murderer - Leun, Justine van der (The Guardian, 2015)
Madeleine Fullard leads a team of investigators searching South Africa for the remains of murdered activists. Eugene de Kock led the police squad that killed dozens of them. Could the two of them work together to solve the mystery of apartheid’s disappeared?
Keywords: ANC (African National Congress); Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; South Africa

How South Africa can do better at reversing apartheid's legacies - Oosthuizen, Marius (The Conversation, 2019)
In matters of policy-making and governing, understanding the systemic complexity of interrelated forces is crucial to avoiding failure.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Netherlands Found Partially Liable for Srebrenica Deaths - BIRN (Balkan Insight, 2017)
A Dutch appeals court found the Netherlands partially liable for the deaths of around 300 Bosniaks from Srebrenica who were killed after being expelled from a Dutch UN peacekeepers’ base in 1995.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Agreement between the United States of America and France, Claims and Dispute Resolution, TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 15-1101 - Department of State - United States of America (Department of State - United States of America, 2014)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada - Government of Canada (canada.ca, 2021)
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) supports Aboriginal peoples (First Nations, Inuit and Métis) and Northerners in their efforts to improve social well-being and economic prosperity; develop healthier, more sustainable communities and participate more fully in Canada's political, social and economic development – to the benefit of all Canadians.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

ISIS Enshrines a Theology of Rape - Callimachi, Rukmini (The New York Times, 2015)
Claiming the Quran’s support, the Islamic State codifies sex slavery in conquered regions of Iraq and Syria and uses the practice as a recruiting tool.
Keywords: Human Rights Watch; Human Rights and Human Rights Violations; Human Trafficking; Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS); Mosul (Iraq); References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Series; Sex Crimes; Sinjar (Iraq); Syria; Tal Afar (Iraq); Terrorism; Women and Girls; Yazidi (Religious Sect)

ICRC collects DNA to identify Lebanon's civil war dead - AFP (Yahoo!News, 2016)
The International Committee of the Red Cross has started collecting DNA samples to help identify thousands of people who disappeared during Lebanon's 1975-1990 civil war, the ICRC said Friday. The ICRC called on the Lebanese authorities to create a "national mechanism" to help match victims' bodies with their families. "It is more than 40 years since the events took place and we are still asking ourselves how we are going to give answers to the families," said Fabrizzio Carboni, the ICRC's chief in Lebanon.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Chile: ICRC stores DNA in search for missing persons - ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2015)
Alicia and Lorena are looking for answers. Some of their family went missing in Chile between 1973 and 1990 under the military regime. They are just two of the many people still struggling to find out what happened to relatives. As they search for truth and justice, they've given blood samples to help trace their missing relatives. The inclusion of DNA analyses in forensic practice means that their blood samples might help to find out what has happened to some of the disappeared.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Where is my name? Afghan women fight for their own identity - Joya, Bahaar (Reuters, 2017)
In Afghanistan's patriarchal society, a woman's name should not be revealed, even on her grave.
Keywords: AFGHANISTAN; Afghanistan; Asia; Belief; Civil Liberties; Civil Rights; Fundamental Rights; Human Rights; Internet; NAME; Pacific; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Religion; Science; Social Media; Technology; US; WOMEN; Women's Issues; World Wide Web

Trust Fund Unveils Reparations Plan for Katanga Victims - Wakabi, Wairagala (International Justice Monitor, 2017)
The International Criminal Court's (ICC's) Trust Fund for Victims (TFV) has published a plan for implementing reparation awards to 297 victims of crimes committed by former Congolese militia leader German Katanga. According to an order by ICC judges, each victim will receive an individual symbolic c
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Compact of Free Association Act of 1985 - Office of Insular Affairs (doi.gov, 2015)
U.S. PUBLIC LAW 99-239 - JAN. 14, 1986[courtesy of RMI Government]U.S. Public Law 99-23999th CongressJoint ResolutionTo approve the "Compact of Free Association", and for other purposes.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Appendix A to Part 74 - Declarations of Eligibility by Persons Identified by the Office of Redress Administration and Requests for Documentation - Code of Federal Regulations (govinfo.gov, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Truth-Justice-Reparations Interaction Effects in Transitional Justice Practice: The Case of the ‘Valech Commission’ in Chile - Collins, Cath (Journal of Latin American Studies, 2016)
Recent thinking and practice in transitional justice suggest that victims and societies hold indivisible, perhaps even simultaneous, rights to truth, justice and reparations after gross human rights violations. This article analyses the advantages and drawbacks of such holistic approaches to transitional justice, through a case study of Chile’s second oﬃcial truth commission, the ‘Valech Commission’. The article illustrates the politics of ongoing contestation about authoritarian era crimes in Latin America, showing how and why the commission was designed to deliver on certain truth-and-reparations obligations towards survivors of past state repression, while attempting to explicitly decouple truth revelations from judicial consequences. It also discusses the implications of associating truth-telling and reparations in a single instance, and in doing so contributes to debates about the potentially contradictory or counterproductive outcomes that may arise from the yoking together of truth, justice and reparations functions in transitional justice policy design.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

General Comment No. 31 [80] The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant Adopted on 29 March 2004 (2187th meeting) - United Nations Human Rights Committee (United Nations, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

United Nations Congresses on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. 60 years of achievement - United Nations (United Nations, 2015)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

German Reparations to the Jews after World War II: A Turning Point in the History of Reparations - Colonomos, Ariel; Armstrong, Andrea (The Handbook of Reparations, 2006)
The post-world war II German-Israeli reparations program is the largest, most comprehensive reparations program ever implemented. Traditionally, reparations were supported by the vanquished and were designed to compensate the victor for the damages caused during the war. The Wiedergutmachung (literally “making the good again”) program as it is called in Germany, or Shilumim (the payments) as Israelis usually prefer to refer to it, innovates in many areas and goes beyond this interstate framework. Jewish leaders participated in the Luxembourg negotiations that led to the signature of the 1952 treaty, and community networks played a crucial role in the distribution of the money to the victims. Civil society groups played an instrumental role in the United States as plans for reparations were being discussed during the war. Neither the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) nor Israel existed during the war. Reparations have been paid to the state of Israel and were paid to Jewish Holocaust survivors regardless of their nationality. The FRG benefited politically and economically from this treaty. It was able to enter the international arena and establish diplomatic relations with Israel, whose economy greatly benefited from the money it received.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Caribbean Nations to Seek Reparations, Putting Price on Damage of Slavery - Castle, Stephen (The New York Times, 2013)
Fourteen countries plan to compile an inventory of the harm caused by the slave trade and then demand an apology and reparations from the former colonial powers Britain, France and the Netherlands.
Keywords: Antigua and Barbuda; Caribbean Area; Castle, Stephen; France; Great Britain; Haiti; Netherlands; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Reparations; Slavery

Guam World War II War Claims: A Legislative History - Guampedia.com (2019)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

UK to compensate Kenya's Mau Mau torture victims - Press Association (The Guardian, 2013)
William Hague says payments totalling £19.9m represent 'full and final settlement' of action brought by five victims of torture
Keywords: Africa; Foreign policy; Kenya; Law; Mau Mau; Politics; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Torture; UK news; William Hague; World news

History - The Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany (Claims Conference, 2011)
A history of the Claims Conference since its founding in 1951 and the formation of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La "cultura de la memoria": problemas y reflexiones - Waldman, Gilda M. (Política y cultura, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies : - United Nations (UN,, 2004)
DAA Highlights key issues and lessons learned from the Organization's experiences in the promotion of justice and the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies. Provides details on i) strengthening the rule of law and transitional justice in the wake of conflict; ii) articulating a common language of justice for UN; iii) basing assistance on international norms and standards; iv) identifying the role of UN peace operations; v) assessing national needs and capacities; vi) supporting domestic reform constituencies; vii) recognizing the political context; viii) embracing integrated and complementary approaches; ix) filling a rule of law vacuum; x) developing national justice systems; xi) learning lessons from the ad hoc criminal tribunals; xii) supporting the role of the International Criminal Court; xiii) facilitating truth telling; xiv) vetting the public service; xv) delivering reparations; xvi) coordinating our efforts; and xvii) building our roster of experts. Also includes recommendations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Rule-of-law tools for post-conflict states: archives (United Nations, 2015)
Keywords: Archival resources; Archives; Crimes against humanity; Law and legislation; Postwar reconstruction; Public records; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Rule of law; Transitional justice

Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecution Initiatives - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Políticas públicas de reparación en España. La ley 52/2007 sobre memoria histórica en relación a la identificación y localización de las víctimas desaparecidas durante la Guerra Civil y la dictadura - Turrión García, María José (Alcores: revista de historia contemporánea, 2013)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archiving Challenges in Africa: The Case of Post-Conflict Liberia - Proscovia, Svärz (IASA Journal: International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives, records, and power: The making of modern memory - Schwartz, Joan M.; Cook, Terry (Archival Science, 2002)
This article serves as the general introduction by the guest editors to the first of two thematic issues of Archival Science that will explore the theme, "archives, records, and power." Archives as institutions and records as documents are generally seen by academic and other users, and by society generally, as passive resources to be .exploited for various historical and cultural purposes. Historians since the mid-nineteenth century, in pursuing the new scientific history, needed an archive that was a neutral repositories of facts. Until very recently, archivists obliged by extolling their own professional myth of impartiality, neutrality, and objectivity. Yet archives are established by the powerful to protect or enhance their position in society. Through archives, the past is controlled. Certain stories are privileged and others marginalized. And archivists are an integral part of this story-telling. In the design of record-keeping systems, in the appraisal and selection of a tiny fragment of all possible records to enter the archive, in approaches to subsequent and ever-changing description and preservation of the archive, and in its patterns of communication and use, archivists continually reshape, reinterpret, and reinvent the archive. This represents enormous power over memory and identity, over the fundamental ways in which society seeks evidence of what its core values are and have been, where it has come from, and where it is going. Archives, then, are not passive storehouses of old stuff', but active sites where social power is negotiated, contested, confirmed. The power of archives, records, and archivists should no longer remain naturalized or denied, but opened to vital debate and transparent accountability.
Keywords: Archival theory; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; archives and power relationships; identity formation; representation and reality; social memory

50 Jahre Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg. Ein Erfahrungsbericht über die letzten zweieinhalb Jahrzehnte - Schrimm, Kurt; Riedel, Joachim (Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 2008)
Vorspann Die Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg ist das Herzstück der justiziellen Ahndung von NSVerbrechen. 1958 gegründet, spielte die einzigartige Institution bei der Einleitung fast aller großen Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle. Der jetzige Leiter und sein Stellvertreter ziehen hier Bilanz und blicken dabei vor allem auf die letzten 25 Jahre zurück, in denen die Zentrale Stelle dazu überging, umfassende eigenständige Ermittlungen im In- und Ausland durchzuführen – und dabei immer wieder beachtliche Erfolge verbuchen konnte.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory - Sanford, George (Routledge, 2005)
The Soviet massacre of Polish prisoners of war at Katyn and in other camps in 1940 was one of the most notorious incidents of the Second World War. The truth about the massacres was long suppressed, both by the Soviet Union, and also by the United States and Britain who wished to hold together their wartime alliance with the Soviet Union. This informative book examines the details of this often overlooked event, shedding light on what took place especially in relation to the massacres at l
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2005 - Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law - United Nations (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Report of the Special Representative of the SecretaryGeneral on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises - Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework - Ruggie, John (United Nations, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Derecho a la Verdad y Derecho Internacional en relación con graves violaciones de los Derechos Humanos - Rodríguez, Jorge (Berg Institute, 2017)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los dominicanos hijos de haitianos, en el limbo entre dos sentencias - Primera, Maye (El País, 2013)
La sentencia que niega la nacionalidad a los descendientes de 'sin papeles' obvia un fallo de 2005 de la Corte Interamericana
Keywords: América; Caribe; Demografía; Derechos humanos; Inmigración; Inmigrantes; Latinoamérica; Migración; Política migración; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Regularización inmigrantes; República Dominicana; Sociedad

Medio millón de apátridas por una sentencia del Supremo dominicano - Primera, Maye (El País, 2013)
La Comunidad del Caribe ha criticado el fallo y amenaza con no incorporar a República Dominicana como miembro pleno del grupo
Keywords: América; Caribe; Demografía; Haití; Inmigración irregular; Latinoamérica; Migración; Política migración; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; República Dominicana; Sociedad

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Housing and property restitution in the context of the return of refugees and internally displaced persons - Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio (United Nations, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

El valor probatorio del documento de archivo en los procesos judiciales - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Tabula: revista de archivos de Castilla y León, 2011)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Les archives de la défense des droits humains en Amérique latine : Chili, Argentine, Pérou - Pérotin Dumon, Anne (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Cet article explique l’émergence, les caractères et la valeur d’un ensemble documentaire propre au XXe siècle, tel qu’il se constitue en Amérique latine lorsque des organismes de défense des droits de l’Homme surgissent de la société civile pour défendre les victimes et dénoncer, au plan du droit, les graves infractions qui sont commises, dans les pays en proie à la violence politique. Son propos est centré sur trois pays où ce mouvement s’est particulièrement illustré. Il rappelle d’abord dans quelles circonstances associations de victimes, mouvements militant pour la cause des droits humains et organisations non gouvernementales apparaissent. Sont ensuite examinées leurs formes d’organisation et d’action, et les deux grandes catégories de documents qu’ils produisent – d’investigation et de communication – découlant de leurs deux fonctions – défendre et dénoncer. Enfin comment, avec la transition démocratique, leurs documents acquièrent un statut d’archives proprement dit et sont utilisés comme preuves avant de susciter, depuis peu, un intérêt comme patrimoine.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Mechanisms complementing prosecution - Olson, Laura (Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross (IRRC), 2002)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The advance of universal justice - Ollé Sesé, Manuel (International Federation for Human Rights, 2009)
The road map for limiting the practice of universal justice in Spain is a sad reality. The Spanish Congress has just approved a proposal to reduce universal justice to cases where the people presumed responsible are on Spanish soil or there are Spanish victims, and either way, only when an international court or the country where the crime was committed are not
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Touchstones: Considering the Relationship between Memory and Archives - Millar, Laura (Archivaria, 2006)
This paper considers the relationship between memory and archives by exploring the concepts of individual and collective memory and by examining the processes involved with creating, capturing, storing, and retrieving memories. The author considers the metaphor of archives as memory and relates our perception of memory to our understanding of the creation, preservation, and use of records and archives. She demonstrates that individual and collective memory represent only a fragment of life events and she reflects on the emotional, temporal, and political realities that affect what we remember and how. She concludes that records and archives are not in themselves “memories” but only touchstones upon which memories may be retrieved, preserved, and articulated. RÉSUMÉCe texte examine le lien entre la mémoire et les archives en explorant les concepts de la mémoire individuelle et collective et en analysant les processus associés à la création, la saisie, la sauvegarde et le repérage des souvenirs. L’auteure sonde la métaphore des archives comme mémoire, puis elle lie notre perception de la mémoire à une connaissance de la création, de la préservation et de l’usage des documents et des archives. Elle montre que la mémoire individuelle et collective ne représente qu’un fragment des événements d’une vie donnée et elle considère les réalités émotives, temporelles et politiques qui influent sur ce dont on se souvient et comment l’on y parvient. Elle conclue que les documents et les archives ne sont pas d’euxmêmes des « souvenirs », mais qu’ils sont plutôt des balises sur lesquels l’on peut retrouver, préserver et articuler des souvenirs.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Légitimité et Légalité. Considérations (sur la Loi et la Justice) à l’image de deux grands procès politiques - Mateva, Milena (Université de Neuchâtel, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Teaching an Old Genre New Tricks: The Diary on the Internet - Mcneill, Laurie (Biography, 2003)
This article examines the diary's transformation from print culture practice to online phenomenon, considering the implications of this change for the diary as a literary genre and as life writing. This discussion explores the challenges the online diary represents to traditional concepts of the genre as private and monologic, investigating the ways in which online diarists attract readers, build communities, and create identities in cyberspace.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Arresting Nazi spies in Vichy France (1940–42) - Kitson, Simon (Intelligence and National Security, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives - Ketelaar, Eric (Archival Science, 2001)
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian. Sociologists and anthropologists see "the archive" also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents, archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the meanings of archives.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives of the People, by the People, for the People - Evans, Max (The American Archivist, 2007)
Archivists today are caught between an expanding volume of records and a growing public expectation that every page in every document is online and indexed. With so many records and so few resources to provide on-demand access to them, the problem seems intractable. More money alone is not the answer; larger appropriations or donations cannot solve this problem. Instead, archivists must fundamentally shift the way they think about their roles and develop alternative means and methods for doing archival work.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Access to archives - A handbook of guidelines for implementation of Recommendation No R(2000)13 on a European policy on access to archives - Kecskeméti, Charles; Székely, Iván (Council of Europe, 2005)
In the early 1990s, when Europe ceased to be divided in opposing political blocs, the Council of Europe concluded that access to archives was one of the key issues to be addressed in. order to fortify democracy throughout the continent. Intensive, in-depth preparation led to the drafting of Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Policy on Access to Archives, the first intergovernmental standard in this field.The recommendation is motivated by the ethical conviction that knowledge of the past constitutes a human right and that in a democracy citizens are entitled to access to an unbiased presentation of their history based on authentic sources preserved in archives.This handbook explains the principles that should govern access policy and practice in the 21st century, summarises the main findings of a pan-European survey on the situation regarding access to archives and formulates a set of guidelines for the implementation of the recommendation intended for civil servants and decision makers, archival authorities and archivists, the scholarly community and civil organizations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archiving justice: conceptualizing the archives of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia - Kaye, David (Archival Science, 2014)
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) will complete its proceedings over the coming years, leaving behind an enormous collection of records. The ICTY archive provides a record of conviction and acquittal, prosecution case and defense response – a vast series of contested facts and arguments. The ICTY winds down with a decidedly mixed reputation, especially among the communities of the Balkans, doing damage to the already-discredited idea of a Tribunal capable of aiding the processes of reconciliation. And yet the UN still speaks of the reconciliatory purposes the ICTY archives may serve. Pursuing reconciliation, however, sets up the archive for failure. It would be better for those establishing the archives to focus on other, attainable goals, taking into account Martha Minow’s caution against judicial records that merely “speak for themselves” (1998). This essay provides historical context for the development of the ICTY archives, outlining its two decades of work, and emphasizes the political context from and into which the archives will emerge.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Balkans; International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY); International criminal courts; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Truth and reconciliation