Can the tech industry hit the human rights refresh button? - Geneva Solutions - Arseni, Maurizio (Geneva Solutions, 2023)
On 4 July, the Human Rights Council will hear a report providing recommendations for protocol and standard settings in new technologies. We speak to the head of the team engaging with business and pushing for greater awareness of human rights implications from the fast-evolving sector.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Investigative Outlet Sets Key Test For Media Freedom In S.Africa | Barron's - Rambourd, Gerdense (Barron's, 2023)
The amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism draws its name from the Zulu word for dung beetle -- a diligent species that fulfils a crucial role. The tiny South African non-profit specialises in delving into political corruption -- "digging dung and fertilizing democracy," its editor-in-chief, Sam Sole, said with a chuckle in a recent interview with AFP.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

"Il s'agit de guérir le traumatisme" : en Nouvelle-Zélande, des restes humains de peuples autochtones lentement restitués - Agence France-Presse (La Libre.be, 2023)
Cette restitution a permis de récupérer les dépouilles de près de 900 autochtones.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Māori most at risk of declining civil and political human rights - Finlay Dunseath, Stuff (Māori Television, 2023)
The Human Rights Commission's Claire Charters (pictured in 2021) said the data painted a dire picture of the upholding of Māori civil rights.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

¿Contagio natural o accidente de laboratorio? Estados Unidos desclasifica su informe sobre el origen de la covid en Wuhan - Jiménez, Miguel (El País, 2023)
Los servicios de inteligencia estadounidenses se dividen entre las dos hipótesis de forma no concluyente, pero descartan que el virus se crease como arma biológica
Keywords: 2023-06 June

El fiscal pide retrasar el juicio a Trump por los papeles de Mar-A-Lago hasta diciembre - Jiménez, Miguel (El País, 2023)
Jack Smith avanza en paralelo en la investigación por intentar aferrarse al poder mediante listas de falsos electores
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Critique de Désir noir: Autopsie d’un féminicide - Maalouf, Laila (La Presse, 2023)
Il y a 20 ans, lorsque l’actrice Marie Trintignant a succombé aux coups infligés par son amant, le chanteur du groupe Noir désir Bertrand Cantat, personne n’utilisait encore le mot féminicide. La journaliste musicale au magazine français Le Point qui signe cet essai, Anne-Sophie Jahn, était adolescente à l’époque et n’avait pas suivi l’affaire avec attention.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

La OEA condena “sin objeciones” al régimen de Ortega y Murillo pese a los intentos de Brasil por “suavizar” la resolución - Miranda, Wilfredo (El País, 2023)
Los países miembros aprueban de forma unánime una resolución, a la que finalmente se sumó la delegación brasileña, que rechaza “la represión y la opresión persistente” en Nicaragua
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Doubts with headig

EE UU, un año después de la sentencia del Supremo que derogó la protección federal del aborto: mapa de un país fracturado. - Seisdedos, Iker (El País, 2023)
Más de 25 millones de mujeres de entre 15 y 44 años, en torno a dos de cada cinco, viven en Estados en los que las condiciones para interrumpir el embarazo se han endurecido
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Justicia chilena condena a exrepresores en proceso histórico - teleSUR (teleSUR, 2023)
En un fallo considerado como histórico, la Segunda Sala Penal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia condenó a los exjefes de la DINA Juan Hernán Morales y Pedro Octavio Espinoza y otros 35 acusados.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Indigenous Justice and a New Path for Canada’s Prisons - Rolston, Simon (The Tyee, 2023)
A report offers a blueprint for fixing Indigenous overrepresentation in jails.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Reducir burocracia, menor nivel de idioma y nuevos visados: así corteja Alemania a los trabajadores cualificados - Sevillano, Elena G. (El País, 2023)
El Parlamento alemán aprueba la nueva ley de inmigración con la que quiere paliar su preocupante escasez de mano de obra
Keywords: 2023-06 June

NRM in York to record history of LGBTQ+ railway workers - BBC News (BBC News, 2023)
The National Railway Museum is interviewing LGBTQ+ railway workers for an oral history project.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Supreme Court rejects Navajo Nation’s water rights trust claim - KickingWoman, Kolby (ICT News (Indian Country Today), 2023)
Arizona v. Navajo Nation is the final federal Indian law case to be ruled on by the high court this term
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Amid Guatemala’s faltering democracy, a battle to remember its painful past - Geneva Solutions - Langrand, Michelle (Geneva Solutions, 2023)
As Guatemalans head to the polls on Sunday, decades of struggle for justice for atrocities committed during the civil war hang in the balance. Paulo Estrada Velásquez was one year and 20 days old when his father went missing on 19 May 1984 in Guatemala. No more than a month later, his uncle would also vanish. They were both members of Guatemala’s communist party, Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo, and two of around 40,000 people who were forcibly disappeared during Guatemala’s civil war.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Sierra Leone has been at peace for 20 years after a brutal civil war - what went right - Mammone, Christina (The Conversation, 2023)
Transitional justice contributed greatly to the peace which Sierra Leone has experienced in the last two decades.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Anger in Japan as report reveals children were forcibly sterilised - McCurry, Justin (The Guardian, 2023)
Between 1948 and 1996, about 16,500 people were operated on without their consent under a eugenics law, triggering long campaign for redress.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Asia Pacific; Japan; World news

Réunir les bibliothécaires à Dubaï : “Le changement découle du dialogue” - Oury, Antoine (Actualitte, 2023)
La Fédération internationale des associations et institutions de bibliothèques (IFLA) organise chaque année son World Library and Information Congress, événement international tourné vers les professions de l'information et de la documentation. Ce 19 juin, le choix de Dubaï pour l'édition 2024 n'a pas convaincu les foules, au vu de la réputation des Émirats arabes unis en matière de droits humains.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Executed Women Haunt, Inspire Iranian Baha'is 40 Years Later. - Agence France-Presse (VOA News, 2023)
One by one, the 10 women, mostly aged under 30, went defiantly to their deaths by hanging in a city square in Shiraz in southern Iran. The youngest was only 17 years old.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Officials crack down on fake Alaska Native art - Brooks, James (ICT News (Indian Country Today), 2023)
It’s a federal crime to sell art that is falsely marketed as created by an Alaska Native or tribal citizen
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Commission colombienne de la vérité: la Suisse conserve une copie des archives - Conseil Fédéral (Confédération Suisse - Conseil fédéral, 2023)
Lors de sa séance du 21 juin, le Conseil fédéral a approuvé l’accord portant sur la conservation d’une copie de sauvegarde numérique des archives de la Commission colombienne de la vérité. Le travail de mémoire constitue un élément essentiel des activités de politique de paix que la Suisse mène en Colombie depuis de longues années. En sécurisant des données aussi sensibles, elle soutient durablement le processus de paix en Colombie.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Vancouver’s development destroyed Burrard Inlet. Tsleil-Waututh Nation is determined to save it - Cruickshank, Ainslie (The Narwhal, 2023)
The inlet has slowly suffocated under the weight of the cities and industries built up around it. But it is resilient, and the nation sees what this once bountiful waterway could be again.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Nouvelle-Zélande: L’Ara Wātea* de la signalisation routière - Laurence, Jean-Christophe (La Presse, 2023)
En Nouvelle-Zélande, un projet de traduction des panneaux de circulation en maori suscite de vifs débats politiques autour de la question autochtone.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

In Montana, 16 young Americans are fighting for their environmental rights - LeParmentier, Arnaud (Le Monde.fr, 2023)
In a landmark trial, the plaintiffs testified to the deterioration of their daily lives while advocating for their constitutional right to a 'clean and healthful environment.'
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Réchauffement climatique : pourquoi seize jeunes Américains ont attaqué l’Etat du Montana - LeParmentier, Arnaud (Le Monde.fr, 2023)
Chaleur accablante, air irrespirable, fonte des glaciers… Les plaignants ont témoigné de la dégradation de leur quotidien au cours du procès pour le droit à « un environnement propre et sain », dont l’audience s’est achevée mardi. La Constitution de cet Etat impose une obligation de résultat en la matière.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Israeli settlers rampage through Palestinian village after Hamas shooting - Rubin, Shira; Taha, Sufian (The Washington Post, 2023)
Armed Israeli settlers rampaged through a Palestinian village in the occupied West Bank on Wednesday afternoon, leaving at least one Palestinian dead and 12 injured a day after four Israelis were killed by Hamas gunmen near an Israeli settlement.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Dissolution des Soulèvements de la terre : le collectif annonce un recours devant le Conseil d’État - SudOuest.fr; Agence France-Presse (SudOuest.fr, 2023)
Dissous en Conseil des ministres ce mercredi, le groupement écologiste annonce déposer un recours devant le Conseil d’État.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Ottawa releases action plan to implement UNDRIP, despite calls for more consultation | CBC News - Taylor, Stephanie (CBC News, 2023)
The federal government has released its action plan on implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Colombian Truth Commission: Switzerland retains archive copy - The Federal Council (Confédération Suisse - Conseil fédéral, 2023)
At its meeting on 21 June, the Federal Council approved an agreement to retain a digital backup copy of the archives of the Colombian Truth Commission. Dealing with the past is a key focus area of Switzerland's long-standing peace policy work in Colombia. In safeguarding such sensitive data, Switzerland is supporting the peace process in the long term.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Trinidad and Tobago's femicide crisis - Timerman, Jordana (Just Caribbean Updates, 2023)
Trinidad and Tobago’s femicide rates are at an all time high, reports the Guardian. “As of May, this year’s death toll was at 280, already overtaking the same period of 2022 – a year which saw 614 violent deaths.” The trend is part of a broader increase in homicides and crime — the Caribbean nation, with a population of about 1.5 million, now has the sixth-highest crime rate in the world.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

This time it’s different? The rush to mine Indigenous lands - Trahant, Mark (ICT News (Indian Country Today), 2023)
The Aspen Institute: The mining industry has a long history of failing to respect community interests, breaking agreements, destroying sacred sites, and forcing displacements. Indigenous communities have been ‘disproportionately impacted’.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Ottawa présente sa feuille de route pour donner plus de droits aux Autochtones - Zone Politique- ICI.Radio-Canada.ca (Radio-Canada.ca, 2023)
Ottawa dévoile 181 mesures, portant notamment sur l'autonomie gouvernementale et les traités, qui devraient donner plus de droits aux Autochtones.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Déclaration des Nationa Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones

Washington impose pour la première fois des sanctions pour violences sexuelles - Agence France-Presse (La Presse, 2023)
Les États-Unis ont imposé mardi, pour la première fois, des sanctions pour des violences sexuelles perpétrées lors de conflits, à l’encontre de deux responsables du Soudan du Sud, ainsi que de deux dirigeants du groupe État islamique (ÉI).
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Biden and Modi must address grave human rights concerns - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
The United States and Indian governments must address the grave human rights issues in both countries during Prime Minister Modi’s meeting with President Biden in Washington DC, said Amnesty International ahead of the state visit this week.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Pakistan. Le gouvernement doit cesser de harceler et d’arrêter arbitrairement les Afghan·e·s en quête de refuge - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Il est très préoccupant de constater que la situation des réfugié·e·s afghans au Pakistan ne reçoit pas l'attention nécessaire au niveau international.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Stop harassing and arbitrarily arresting Afghans seeking refuge - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
The situation of Afghan refugees in Pakistan is not receiving due international attention.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Norway: Europe's largest onshore wind farm continues operations despite Supreme Court ruling that found permits violate indigenous Sámi rights; incl. company responses - Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, 2023)
In October 11 2021, the Supreme Court of Norway ruled that Norway violated the rights of the Sámi people by permitting the construction of wind farms in Fovsen Njaarke, the Storheia wind farm and the Roan wind farm.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Myanmar: Junta Blocks Lifesaving Cyclone Aid - Human Rights Watch (Human Rights Watch, 2023)
The Myanmar junta’s increasing obstruction of humanitarian aid in the month since Cyclone Mocha has put thousands of lives at immediate risk and endangered millions of people.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

France to shut down activist climate group after clashes with police - News Wires (France 24, 2023)
The French government said Tuesday that it would soon shut down an activist climate group over a series of recent demonstrations including one that led to fierce clashes with police over a controversial irrigation project.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Eswatini: Authorities must stop using the courts to intimidate and harass union leaders - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Ahead of the court appearance of Sticks Nkambule, Secretary General of Swaziland Transport Communication and Allied Workers Union, on trumped-up charges of contempt of court stemming from his involvement in organizing a stay away action in December 2022, Vongai Chikwanda, Amnesty International’s Interim Deputy Director for Southern Africa, said: The harassment and intimidation of Sticks Nkambule shows that Eswatini authorities are effectively criminalizing peaceful dissent.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

The future of conservation in Canada depends on Indigenous protected areas. So what are they? - Cyca, Michell (The Narwhal, 2023)
Canada’s climate commitments rest in Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas — often called IPCAs. While the concept isn’t new, it’s gaining better recognition and funding from, at least, some governments
Keywords: 2023-06 June

The Observers - In Sudan, a citizen initiative monitors ceasefire violations - Observers Team (The Observers - France 24, 2023)
Several ceasefires have been announced between the Sudanese Army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since the start of the conflict in Sudan. However, numerous breaches of these agreements have been reported by a network of activists who monitor the violations perpetrated by both sides in the conflict, endangering the lives of civilians.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Centrafrique : la cour spéciale rend sa première décision sur les réparations - Petit, Franck; Koena, Jean-Fernand (JusticeInfo.net, 2023)
Après plusieurs mois d’hésitation, la Cour pénale spéciale (CPS) a rendu sa première décision sur les intérêts civils dans son premier et unique procès.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Pourquoi ceux qui vivent « l’enfer climatique » saisissent la Cour de l’Onu - Giraudeau, Géraldine (JusticeInfo.net, 2023)
Des nations qui ont déjà les pieds dans l’eau s'engagent pour la justice climatique devant la Cour internationale de justice (CIJ). Pourquoi ?
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Miles de archivos de la dictadura fueron liberados en una página web - La Diaria (La Diaria, 2023)
No se sabe quién está detrás de “Archivos del Terror en Uruguay” ni cómo consiguió los documentos del archivo Berrutti.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Indigenous searchers turned to sacred ritual - The Associated Press (ICT News (Indian Country Today), 2023)
Indigenous men who were among search teams hoping to find four children aboard a plane that crashed in the Amazon jungle in Colombia say one of their most sacred rituals played a role in rescue efforts.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Venezuela accused of crimes against humanity in Argentine court - Timerman, Jordana (Latin America Daily Briefing, 2023)
A legal complaint filed in Argentina accuses Venezuelan security forces of crimes against humanity against government opponents since 2014.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

RD Congo : près d’un million de nouveaux déplacés en 2023 en raison d’une flambée de violence ( OIM) | ONU Info - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Une recrudescence des attaques contre les civils par des groupes armés non étatiques a entraîné le déplacement de près d’un million de personnes en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) depuis janvier, a annoncé jeudi l’Agence de l’ONU pour les migrations. |
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Saudi Arabia: Imminent execution of seven young men would violate kingdom’s promise to abolish death penalty for juveniles - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Despite the Saudi authorities’ commitment to end their use of the death penalty against children under 18 at the time of the crime, seven young men are at risk of imminent execution after an appeals court confirmed their punishment, Amnesty International said today. Their execution would mark a chilling escalation of the already record-breaking use of the death penalty with the number of executions in the country having increased seven-fold in the past three years alone. “Saudi authorities have promised to limit the use of the death penalty and adopted legal reforms that prohibit the execution of people who were children at the time of the crime. If the authorities wish any of those promises to be taken seriously, they should order an immediate halt to the planned execution of the seven, who were all children at the time of their arrest,” said Heba Morayef, Amnesty International’s Middle East and North Africa Director.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

DR Congo: Armed group attacks displace nearly 1 million since January - United Nations International Organization for Migration (IOM) (UN News, 2023)
Escalating violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has displaced nearly one million people since January, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) said on Thursday.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Inuit pride becomes an annual tradition - Wright, Trevor (APTN News, 2023)
Inuit pride parades became a new tradition since 2021 and LGBTQ+ people say it's made a huge improvement in feeling accepted.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; LGBTQ+

France says uncovers major disinformation campaign waged by Russia - News Wires (France 24, 2023)
France on Tuesday said it had uncovered a major Russian disinformation campaign, with false news items hostile to Ukraine made to look like they were published by prominent French news media.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Old criminal records in New York would be automatically sealed under bill passed by lawmakers - Jamaica Gleaner (Jamaica Gleaner, 2023)
New Yorkers who commit crimes could have their records automatically sealed if they stay out of trouble for a certain number of years after they have finished serving their sentences under a bill passed by state lawmakers Friday.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

After yet another murder, Italy moves to boost laws protecting women - Carbonaro, Guilia (euronews, 2023)
After the latest murder of a woman by her partner, Italy is revisiting its laws protecting women from gender-based violence. But experts say new legislative measures are not what the country needs.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Aid group provides drinking water after Kakhovska dam blast - Churm, Philip Andrew (euronews, 2023)
Volunteers from a humanitarian group in Ukraine provide thousands of litres of clean drinking water to people affected by the Kakhovska dam blast.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

RAF veteran wrongly believed to be gay loses employment tribunal over 1975 discharge - Morris, Steven (The Guardian, 2023)
Cpl Sean Walsh claimed he was discriminated against at time when gay people were barred from armed forces
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Discrimination at work; Employment law; Employment tribunals; LGBTQ+ rights; Military; Ministry of Defence; UK news

Oxford University appoints UK’s first professor of LGBTQ+ history - Weale, Sally (The Guardian, 2023)
Matt Cook, who has written on queer urban life and the Aids crisis, takes up the new post at Mansfield College.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Education; Higher education; LGBTQ+ rights; UK news; Universities; University of Oxford

1,200 Jamaicans received expungement of criminal records last year - Jamaica Gleaner (Jamaica Gleaner, 2023)
The Ministry of Justice received 2,322 applications for the expungement of criminal records last year. Making his contribution to the Sectoral Debate in the House of Representatives on Tuesday Portfolio Minister, Delroy Chuck, said of that amount, the Criminal Records (Rehabilitation of Offenders) Board approved 1,200 applications.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Indigenous and local communities are getting land back - Aquino, Lyric (ICT News, 2023)
Between 2015 and 2020, Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples, along with small, local communities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, gained legal recognition to more than 247 million acres of land — an 85 percent increase. That’s according to a new report from Rights and Resources Initiative, a global nonprofit focused on land and resource rights.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Abogada general de la UE considera válido almacenar huellas dactilares en documentos de identidad - Guerrero, Catalina (EuroEFE, 2023)
Bruselas (EuroEFE).- Una abogada general del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (TJUE) concluyó este jueves que es válida la obligación de recogida y de almacenamiento de impresiones dactilares en los documentos de identidad.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Improving access to water, sanitation and hygiene can save 1.4 million lives per year, says new WHO report - World Health Organisation (World Health Organisation, 2023)
Half of the world’s population still does not have adequate access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) which could have prevented at least 1.4 million deaths and 74 million disability-adjusted life years in 2019, according to the latest report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and an accompanying article published in The Lancet.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Legal protection essential for people displaced by climate change: UN expert | UN News - United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) (UN News, 2023)
An independent UN-appointed climate expert on Tuesday called for full legal protection to be given to those displaced by the impacts of climate change, to guarantee their human rights.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Art and heritage groups must ‘take action now’ to protect culture against climate change, report says - Voon, Claire (The Art Newspaper - International art news and events, 2023)
Authors of a new report from the the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation and the National Endowment for the Humanities say climate change is the most significant threat in conservation.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Les archives à l'épreuve du terrorisme en Afrique de l'Ouest - Pahima, Freddy (LeFaso.net, 2023)
L’archiviste Freddy Pahima met à la disposition de la bibliothèque burkinabè une nouvelle œuvre. Il s’agit de « Les archives à l’épreuve du terrorisme en Afrique de l’Ouest ».
Keywords: 2023-06 June

A hundred years of striving for equality at global bodies - Dubraz-Dobias, Paule (Geneva Solutions, 2023)
Since the establishment of international organisations, women have struggled to get the deserved recognition, pay and respect for their work as civil servants amid historical, cultural and political constraints. A Genevan historian tells us more.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Diversidad sexual: de la intolerancia a los derechos en Latinoamérica - García-Sayán, Diego (El Pais, 2023)
Cada país de la región ha avanzado en su propia ruta para concretar estos derechos, algunos como Perú quedan aún rezagados.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Archives and the fight against impunity - Boel, Jens (OpenGlobalRights, 2023)
Archives can be—and often are—instrumental in the fight against impunity.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Los archivos y la lucha contra la impunidad - Boel, Jens (OpenGlobalRights, 2023)
Los archivos pueden ser, y a menudo son, fundamentales en la lucha contra la impunidad.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Key figures: Number of refugees, displaced people hits record high worldwide - News Wires (France 24, 2023)
On World Refugee Day 2023, the numbers of refugees and displaced people worldwide are higher than ever before. FRANCE 24 takes a look at the key figures.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Displaced people

Amériques. Les membres de l’Organisation des États américains doivent combattre la réduction de l'espace civique dans la région - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
Les États des Amériques doivent se préoccuper de la réduction de l’espace civique dans la région et s’attacher à mettre un terme aux politiques répressives afin de répondre aux revendications sociales de la population du continent, a déclaré Amnesty International dans une lettre ouverte adressée aux chefs d’État participant à la 53e Assemblée générale de l’Organisation des États américains (OEA).
Keywords: 2023-06 June

La OEA debe abordar el cierre del espacio cívico en las Américas - Amnistía Internacional (Amnistía Internacional, 2023)
Los Estados de las Américas deben abordar el cierre del espacio cívico en la región y garantizar el fin de políticas represivas para atender las demandas sociales de la población en el continente, dijo Amnistía Internacional hoy en una carta abierta a los y las jefes de Estado que asistirán la 53° Asamblea General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA).
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Activists say the human rights movement is failing - Toosi, Nahal (POLITICO, 2023)
At the Oslo Freedom Forum, dissidents and rights defenders seek solidarity as their movements struggle.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

African delegation tells Putin 'war must' end, Russia says 'open to dialogue' - News Wires (France 24, 2023)
A delegation of African leaders including South African President Cyril Ramaphosa met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Saint Petersburg on Saturday as part of its mission to try to broker peace talks between Moscow and Kyiv. The meeting comes a day after the delegation met with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, and as Putin confirmed that he has deployed tactical nuclear weapons to Belarus. Read our live blog to see how all the day's events unfolded.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Nine out of 10 people are biased against women, UN report finds - Woodyatt, Amy (CNN, 2023)
Almost nine out of 10 people hold “fundamental biases” against women, a new UN report has found, decrying a “decade of stagnation” that has led to a dismantling of women’s rights in many parts of the world.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

La violence sexiste ne disparaît pas avec l'âge : elle passe inaperçue (Experts de l'ONU) - UN News (UN News, 2023)
Le manque de données et d'informations fiables sur l'ampleur de la violence sexiste à l'égard des personnes âgées est un obstacle majeur à la lutte efficace contre cette violation flagrante des droits de l'homme dans toutes les sociétés, a déclaré un groupe d'experts des droits de l'homme de l'ONU.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

EU: European Parliament adopts ban on facial recognition but leaves migrants, refugees and asylum seekers at risk - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
EU: European Parliament adopts ban on facial recognition but leaves migrants, refugees and asylum seekers at risk. Responding to the European Parliament’s decision to ban invasive mass surveillance technologies in its Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), Mher Hakobyan, Advocacy Advisor on AI Regulation said: “We welcome the European Parliament’s decision to adopt a ban on abusive mass surveillance technology in today’s landmark vote. However, it is essential the Parliament and EU Member States ensure that development, sale, use and export of facial recognition and other mass surveillance technologies are banned in the final AI Act during upcoming negotiations.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

UE. Le Parlement européen interdit la reconnaissance faciale, sans protéger les personnes migrantes, réfugiées et demandeuses d’asile - Amnesty International (Amnesty International, 2023)
En réaction à la décision du Parlement européen d’interdire les technologies intrusives de surveillance de masse dans le cadre de la loi réglementant l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle (loi sur l’IA), Mher Hakobyan, conseiller en matière de plaidoyer sur la réglementation de l’intelligence artificielle à Amnesty International, a déclaré : « Nous saluons la décision du Parlement européen, qui a adopté une interdiction des technologies abusives de surveillance de masse lors du vote crucial de ce jour.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

UE: El Parlamento Europeo aprueba la prohibición del reconocimiento facial, pero deja en peligro a las personas migrantes, refugiadas y solicitantes de asilo - Amnistía Internacional (Amnistía Internacional, 2023)
En respuesta a la decisión del Parlamento Europeo de prohibir las tecnologías de vigilancia masiva en su Ley de Inteligencia Artificial (Ley de IA), Mher Hakobyan, asesor para el trabajo de incidencia sobre la regulación de la inteligencia artificial, ha manifestado: “Acogemos con satisfacción la decisión del Parlamentos Europeo de prohibir las tecnologías de vigilancia masiva abusivas en la votación histórica de hoy. No obstante, es esencial que el Parlamento y los Estados miembros de la UE garanticen que durante las próximas negociaciones de la Ley de IA definitiva se prohíben el desarrollo, la venta, el uso y la exportación de sistemas de reconocimiento facial y otras tecnologías de vigilancia masiva.”
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Guerres, persécutions, dérèglement climatique : le monde compte 110 millions de personnes déplacées ou réfugiées, un record - Libération; Agence France-Presse (Libération, 2023)
Jamais le nombre total de réfugiés fuyant leur pays ou de personnes déplacées à l’intérieur du leur pays n’avait atteint un tel niveau, a souligné le Haut-Commissariat pour les réfugiés de l’ONU, dans son rapport annuel.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Dérèglement climatique; Guerres; Persécutions

UNHCR calls for concerted action as forced displacement hits new high of 110 million | UN News - United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) (UN News, 2023)
The full-scale war in Ukraine, alongside other conflict and climate-driven upheaval, meant more people than ever remained uprooted from their homes last year, heightening the urgency for immediate, collective action to alleviate the global crisis, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) said on Wednesday.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

No progress on biases against women during past decade, UN reports - News Wires (France 24, 2023)
Data tracking biases against women has shown no progress over the past decade, with prejudices remaining "deeply embedded" in society despite rights campaigns such as MeToo, a UN report said Monday.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Le chef de l'ONU appelle à une nouvelle ère d'intégrité des médias sociaux pour endiguer la désinformation - UN News (UN News, 2023)
Les pays doivent s'attaquer au « grave préjudice mondial » causé par la prolifération de la haine et des mensonges en ligne, a déclaré lundi le Secrétaire général de l'ONU, António Guterres, lors du lancement d'un rapport clé conçu pour renforcer l'intégrité de l'information sur les plateformes numériques.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

UN chief calls for new era of social media integrity in bid to stem misinformation - UN News (UN News, 2023)
Countries must address the “grave global harm” caused by the proliferation of hate and lies online, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said on Monday, launching a key report designed to shore up information integrity on digital platforms.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

La caja de Pandora: Empresas de IA Generativa, ChatGPT y Derechos Humanos - Bacchiarelli, Anna; Aufiero, Paul (Humans Right Watch, 2023)
ChatGPT y la inteligencia artificial generativa (IA) dominan los titulares y las conversaciones. Pero, ¿qué hay detrás de esta tecnología? ¿Quién la alimenta de datos y decide de dónde proceden? ¿Qué tiene que ver con los derechos humanos?
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Pandemic treaty talks: Is there room for Indigenous knowledge? - Geneva Solutions - Dupraz-Dobias, Paula (Geneva Solutions, 2023)
Even as global temperatures rose at increasingly alarming rates, it took years before anyone began to listen to their message. Yet year after year, representatives of Indigenous communities attended global climate and biodiversity summits, striving to share their experience with climate change and their traditional knowledge as guardians of vast natural areas. Three years after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, it could seem like a case of déjà-vu. In spite of being the most affected by the hea
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Pandemic

Where it's a crime to be gay: A visual guide to where LGBTQ+ rights are repressed - Hjelmgaard, Kim; Zarracina, Javier (USA TODAY, 2023)
Uganda enacted one of the harshest anti-gay laws in the world. See where sexual and gender minority rights are criminalized.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Regulation essential to curb AI for surveillance, disinformation: rights experts - UN News (UN News, 2023)
Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered spyware and disinformation is on the rise, and regulation of the space has become urgent, according to UN-appointed independent rights experts.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Una década de estancamiento: el PNUD presenta nuevos datos que muestran la persistencia de los sesgos de género - Programa De Las Naciones Unidas Para El Desarrollo (PNUD) (UN News, 2023)
El nuevo informe del PNUD alerta de que 9 de cada 10 hombres y mujeres en el mundo siguen manteniendo en la actualidad un sesgo contra las mujeres.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Une décennie de stagnation : les préjugés sexistes sont toujours bien enracinés - Programme De Développement Des Nations Unies (UN News, 2023)
Le dernier rapport de l'indice des normes sociales de genre (GSNI) n'a révélé aucune amélioration des préjugés contre les femmes en une décennie, avec près de 9 hommes et femmes sur 10 dans le monde qui ont encore de tels préjugés aujourd'hui. La moitié des personnes dans le monde pensent toujours que les hommes font de meilleurs dirigeants politiques que les femmes et plus de 40 % pensent que les hommes font de meilleurs dirigeants d'entreprise que les femmes. Selon le nouveau rapport GSNI publié par le PNUD, 25 % des personnes pensent qu'il est justifié qu'un homme batte sa femme.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Information Integrity on Digital Platforms - United Nations (United Nations, 2023)
Digital platforms are crucial tools that have trans- formed social, cultural and political interactions everywhere. Across the world, they connect concerned global citizens on issues that matter. Platforms help the United Nations to inform and engage people directly as we strive for peace, dig- nity and equality on a healthy planet. They have given people hope in times of crisis and struggle, amplified voices that were previously unheard and breathed life into global movements.
Keywords: 2023-06 June; Artificial Intelligence; Information integrity

A Decade of Stagnation: New UNDP data shows gender biases remain entrenched - United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (UN News, 2023)
The latest Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) report has revealed no improvement in biases against women in a decade, with almost 9 out of 10 men and women worldwide still holding such biases today. Half of people worldwide still believe men make better political leaders than women, and more than 40 percent believe men make better business executives than women. A staggering 25 percent of people believe it is justified for a man to beat his wife, according to the new GSNI report launched by UNDP.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC announces launch of advanced evidence submission platform: OTPLink - ICC Office of the Prosecutor (International Criminal Court, 2023)
I am pleased to announce the launch of OTPLink, a new application for online and email-based evidence submissions by all external stakeholders and witnesses to my Office. OTPLink will provide a clear, single-access point, replacing various systems and processes that were previously in use for the receipt of information, including submissions pursuant to Article 15 of the Rome Statute.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Mechanism Information Programme launches Guide for History Teachers - UN International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals; EuroClio (UN International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, 2023)
Today, the Mechanism Information Programme for Affected Communities (MIP) was pleased to launch its latest informational product, entitled: Guide for History Teachers: How to Use Archival Material of the ICTY and Mechanism in Teaching the History of the 1990s conflicts (Guide).
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Conference - 2023 International Conference of Indigenous Archives, Libraries, and Museums - Textile society of America (TextileSocietyofAmerica, 2023)
The 2023 International Conference of Indigenous Archives, Libraries, and Museums will take place October 24-26 at the four-star Omni Hotel in downtown Oklahoma City. Join tribal cultural leaders, federal agencies, funders, and others to discuss the most relevant topics related to preserving and advancing Native languages, culture, and life ways.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Exhibition - The Fury by Shirin Neshat | Until 2023-08-20 - Neshat, Shirin (PHI Centre, 2023)
The Fury, created by Shirin Neshat, is a two-part narrative that takes the audience through the emotional turmoil experienced by the Iranian protagonist. The artwork is presented through a two-channel video and a virtual reality work. In a highly fictionalized and stylized approach, The Fury explores the sexual exploitation of female political prisoners, referencing the Islamic Republic of Iran's brutal treatment of political prisoners.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Exposition - The Fury de Shirin Neshat | Jusqu'au 2023-08-20 - Neshat, Shirin (Centre PHI, 2023)
The Fury, créé par Shirin Neshat, est un récit en deux temps qui embarque le public à travers les bouleversements émotionnels vécus par la protagoniste iranienne. L'œuvre est présentée à partir d'une vidéo à deux canaux et d'une œuvre de réalité virtuelle. Dans une approche hautement fictive et stylisée, The Fury explore le sujet autour de l'exploitation sexuelle des prisonnières politiques, en référence au traitement brutal de ces dernières par la République islamique d'Iran.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

Exposition - Ce que la Palestine apporte au monde | Jusqu'au 2023-11-19 - Institut du monde arabe (Institut du monde arabe, 2023)
L'Institut du monde arabe a choisi de donner à voir l’élan et l’irréductible vitalité de la création palestinienne, qu’elle s’élabore dans les territoires ou dans l’exil. Approches muséales plurielles, dialogue photographique entre la Terre sainte « inventée » des orientalistes et celle des contemporains, exposition des précieuses archives palestiniennes de Jean Genet… : c’est à un subtil et intense parcours de correspondances visuelles et de sujets que vous invite l’IMA. Visites guidées, ateliers jeune public, spectacles, cinéma, rencontres & débats, rencontres littéraires… : six mois durant, c'est tout l’IMA qui se met à l’heure palestinienne ! Découvrez notre riche programmation et réservez vos billets.
Keywords: 2023-06 June

OHCHR | Promoting Environmental Democracy: Procedural elements of the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment - OHCHR Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment (OHCHR, 2023)
Background Promoting Environmental Democracy: Procedural elements of the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment

OHCHR | Call for inputs – Transitional justice measures and the legacy of human rights violations in colonial contexts - OHCHR Special Rapporteur on truth, justice and reparation (OHCHR, 2021)
Objective of the report In the report, the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence examines the question of the adoption of transitional justice measures to address the legacy of serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law committed in colonial contexts.

ICRC | Call for comments: Guiding Principles for the Dignified Management of the Dead in Humanitarian Emergencies and to Prevent them Becoming Missing Persons - ICRC (2021)

ICA SAHR – Des archives de la terreur aux archives de la douleur - une expérience africaine - ICA International Council on Archives (2023)
Dr. Adama Aly Pam, Chief archivist of UNESCO présente "Des archives de la terreur aux archives de la douleur : une expérience africaine". En 2012, Adama Aly Pam a été chargé par le Programme des Nations unies pour le Développement (PNUD) d’accompagner la Commission Vérité, Justice et Réconciliation du Togo dans la gestion du volet archivage des dépositions des témoins et victimes du régime totalitaire du Togo de 1958 à 2005. Il s’agit des victimes de viols, meurtres, disparitions et assassinats de Togolais. A la Commission Vérité, il était demandé d’établir la vérité sur les violations graves des droits de l’Homme, d’expliquer le contexte historique des violences et de préserver la mémoire afin de garantir les quatre piliers que sont : le droit de savoir, le droit à la justice, le droit à la réparation et la garantie de non-répétition. A partir de l’exemple togolais, la réflexion portera sur les archives de la terreur et elle interrogera la pratique de l’archiviste, la façon dont les sociétés tentent d’oublier et de se souvenir des violences politiques, et celle dont les archives sont utilisées pour guérir les sociétés des traumatismes du passé. Biographie Adama Aly PAM est archiviste paléographe, diplômé de l’Ecole nationale des chartes et titulaire d’un doctorat d’histoire sur l’histoire de la médecine. Chef archiviste de l’UNESCO depuis 2018, il a été Conservateur aux Archives nationales du Sénégal avant de rejoindre les Archives de la Banque Centrale des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Très engagé sur le plan professionnel, il a été élu Président de l’Association Sénégalaise des Bibliothécaires, et Archivistes. Il a assuré plusieurs missions de conseil et d’organisation des Archives en Afrique.

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2023-01 (January) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2023)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2022-12 (December) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2022)

News from the ICA Section on Archives and Human Rights - 2022-11 (November) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2022)

Filing the world: Archives as cultural heritage and the power of remembering - Ghezzi, Agnese (International Journal of Constitutional Law, 2022)

Historical Memory in the Digital Age: In Guatemala, truthtellers and preservers of the past face renewed hostility. Digitization projects help safeguard the archives of state violence - Alvarado, Daniel; Juárez, Carlos; Gettleson, Brie (NACLA Report on the Americas, 2021)

Playing with Marked Cards, or Using Documents as a Tool for Historical Manipulation: the Case of Russian 'Archive Websites' - Zawistowski, Andrzej (Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity, 2021)
Can genuine archival documents be used to manipulate our knowledge of the past? Of course, only three steps suffice: restrict historians' access to archives, select sources according to a desired premise and make sure your message reaches a wide audience, especially non-historians.

Postcolonial Archives and the Question of Justice - Richards, Jill (The Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry, 2019)

Determining the fate of missing persons: The importance of archives for “dealing with the past” mechanisms - Baumgartner, Elisabeth; Ott, Lisa (International Review of the Red Cross, 2017)

Documentation, Human Rights and Transitional Justice - Baumgartner, Elisabeth; Hamber, Brandon; Jones, Briony; Kelly, Gráinne; Oliveira, Ingrid (Journal of Human Rights Practice, 2016)
The role of testimony and documentation is crucial to human rights work in transitional contexts. Such evidence is vital in societies seeking to deal with a pas

Truth Commission Archives as ‘New Democratic Spaces’: Table 1. - Jones, Briony; Oliveira, Ingrid (Journal of Human Rights Practice, 2016)

Treading the ground of contested memory: archivists and the human rights movement in Chile - Strauss, Amanda (Archival Science, 2015)
This article proposes a new definition of social justice that is based in liberation theology. It questions the relationship between archival practice and social justice and asks how (and whether) social justice can (or should be) a transformative force in the archival profession. These theoretical questions are examined through a case study of human rights archives. The author travelled to Chile in December 2011 to interview archivists and human rights activists and visit human rights archives, museums, and memorials. The article identifies three archival processes by which archivists in Chile engage in social justice activism: the act of documenting human rights violations that dictator Augusto Pinochet perpetrated during his rule from 1973 to 1990; by continually acquiring new documents that bear witness to these violations; and by providing, indeed encouraging and promoting, access to these materials. The article argues that the way that human rights archivists carry out these archival processes allows the community to participate in building both the archives and the memory of the dictatorship. It concludes by stating that this connection between the archives and the community is one of the primary ways in which social justice can be integrated into the archival profession.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Chile; Human rights; Liberation theology; Memory; Social justice

Stewarding Collections of Trauma: Plurality, Responsibility, and Questions of Action - Nathan, Lisa P.; Shaffer, Elizabeth; Castor, Maggie (Archivaria, 2015)
There are dedicated efforts around the world to steward material related to human atrocities, with aspirations to acknowledge, learn from, and perhaps lessen the probability of further harm. Yet for the archivists charged with stewarding these collections, there remain ethically fraught questions of how to do this work. Through this article, we identify systemic, structural challenges that confront efforts to ethically steward collections of trauma. Our scholarly reflections are grounded in the context of an institution being created to hold materials related to Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). We reflect on ongoing discussions with those involved in the inception and development of the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation (NCTR) and our review of court documents and media accounts related to the TRC and development of the NCTR. We call attention to the assemblage of socio-technical, political, and legal forces that influence the actions of those managing collections of trauma. We highlight how those involved in the NCTR’s development are participants in and descendants of Canada’s legacy of colonizing initiatives (as are we, researchers studying the NCTR’s development). To support those facing questions of action in this complicated space, we draw on the work of Iris Marion Young to inform archivists’ practice related to the issues of conflict, plurality, agency, and distrust that underlie the design and management of collections of trauma.RÉSUMÉDes efforts consciencieux sont faits à travers le monde pour préserver la documentation liée aux atrocités humaines, dans le but de les reconnaître, d’en apprendre, et peut-être aussi de diminuer la probabilité de futurs torts. Pourtant, pour les archivistes chargés de sauvegarder ces collections, il demeure des questions épineuses sur le plan éthique par rapport aux façons d’accomplir ce travail. Dans cet article nous identifions des défis systémiques et structurels qui entravent les efforts de préserver éthiquement ces collections de trauma. Nos réflexions critiques sont ancrées dans le contexte d’une institution qui se constitue pour conserver le matériel lié à la Commission de vérité et réconciliation (CVR) du Canada. Nous examinons les discussions qui se poursuivent avec les personnes impliquées dans la création et le développement du Centre national pour la vérité et la réconciliation (CNVR), ainsi que notre étude des documents présentés en cour et des reportages des médias portant sur la CVR et le développement du CNVR. Nous signalons l’assemblage de forces socio-techniques, politiques et légales qui ont eu une influence sur les agissements des personnes qui gèrent des collections de trauma. Nous accentuons comment les personnes impliquées dans le développement du CNVR sont des participants dans les initiatives de colonisation du Canada, tout en étant les descendants de cet héritage colonisateur (comme nous le sommes aussi en tant que chercheurs étudiant le développement du CNVR). Afin d’appuyer celles et ceux qui sont confrontés aux questions d’action dans cet espace compliqué, nous nous inspirons du travail d’Iris Marion Young pour éclairer les pratiques des archivistes face aux questions de conflit, de pluralité, de l’exercice du pouvoir personnel et de méfiance qui sont sous-jacentes à la conceptualisation et à la gestion des collections de trauma.
Keywords: A&DwP website

“Justice delayed is justice denied”: Records management and the travesty of justice in South Africa - Makhubela, Salmon; Ngoepe, Mpho (Records Management Journal, 2015)
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the cases of “delayed and denied” justice that resulted from a lack of or poor record-keeping in the South African courts and police service with a view to encouraging proper records management. Proper records management plays a significant role in supporting the justice system. Records provide the critical evidence that a particular action or transaction took place and can be used as evidence in a court of law. Without reliable and authentic records, government cannot administer justice and, as a result, offenders can be set free while the victims are denied justice. Design/methodology/approach – Utilising content analysis, this study extracted print media articles (2000-2012) relating to the “records and justice system” from the South African Media database, which is one of the databases hosted by the South African Bibliographic and Information Network. The study selected cases reported in the media to conduct follow-up interviews with a policeman, lawyer and judge to discover the implications of the unavailability of required records in court cases. Furthermore, access was given to three selected cases that were given high profile in the media and these cases were analysed to find out what the final verdict in each case was. Findings – Results of the study suggest that some criminal cases were withdrawn due to missing dockets or cases not properly registered. In some instances, records were reconstructed, resulting in the travesty of justice. The study concludes by arguing that if records are not accounted for, lawyers, prosecutors and magistrates could dispute the authenticity of records. As a result, justice for victims would be delayed and ultimately denied while the perpetrators are freed. Research limitations/implications – The findings and recommendations of this study may go a long way in helping courts in South Africa to manage records properly to support the justice system. Furthermore, the study is a useful compilation of the importance of missing records for social purposes. Originality/value – In an attempt to show the role of records management in the administration of justice in South Africa, this study used a triangulation of data collection tools. This is a new attempt, especially in the South African context. Previous studies in southern Africa only looked at the management of records in supporting justice system.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Human rights; Justice; Record keeping; Records management; South Africa

Reclaiming erased lives: archives, records and memories in post-war Bosnia and the Bosnian diaspora - Halilovich, Hariz (Archival Science, 2014)
In this paper, based on conventional and digital ethnography, I first identify three dominant research areas relating to the issues of destruction, use and abuse of archives and records in post-war Bosnia, and discuss their legal, political and ethical dimensions. I then go on to present two ethnographies describing how survivors of ‘ethnic cleansing’ and genocide in Bosnia and in the Bosnian refugee diaspora perceive, experience and deal with missing personal records and material evidence of their histories, as well as how they (re)create their own archives and memories, and in the process reassert their ‘erased’ identities in both real and cyber space. This paper also describes how contemporary technologies—including biomedical technology and information and communication technology—impact the reconstruction of individual and collective identities in shattered Bosnian families and communities in the aftermath of genocide. The ethnographies described point to the novel contribution that these technologies have made to re-humanising both those who perished and the survivors of the war in Bosnia.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archives; Bosnia; Cyber villages; DNA; Diaspora; Genocide

Antonyms of our remembering - Harris, Verne (Archival Science, 2014)
There are strong dominant discourses across the intersecting spacings of transitional justice, ‘human rights archives’, and reckoning with the past. The power of these discourses can close down non-orthodox perspectives and fresh lines of enquiry. The dual goals of the paper are to identify such lines of enquiry and tease out loose threads in the dominant discourses. The result is a provocation ranging from the experiences of the Nelson Mandela Foundation to the work of deconstruction, from queer theory to legal scholarship, and from personal narrative to documentary film-making. The paper is at once a troubling of dominant discourses and a play with the antonyms of remembering in these discourses.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Community; Deconstruction; Healing; Memory; Spectrality; Transitional justice; Truth commissions

Break the rules, save the records: human rights archives and the search for justice in East Timor - Robinson, Geoffrey (Archival Science, 2014)
How do distinctive historical experiences and political regimes shape human rights archives? How do those archives and those experiences in turn influence the way painful pasts are remembered or forgotten? And what can historical accounts tell us about the wisdom of prevailing norms and practices regarding the management and control of human rights records? This paper explores these questions through a close analysis of the history and politics of the principal archive documenting human rights abuse in East Timor. It underscores the work of archival studies scholars who argue that human rights archives are always in some degree shaped by the historical and political context in which they emerge and that conflicts over matters of content, mandate, and rules of access are virtually inevitable. Noting that such conflicts typically pit political authorities against victims and their advocates, it argues that successful human rights archival programs hinge critically on sensitive historical and political analysis and that, under certain conditions, human rights archivists should play a more active role in facilitating the pursuit of justice for victims of human rights abuse. It also makes the case for a move away from large, state-controlled archives toward multiple, smaller archives with varied mandates. Finally, it proposes the adoption of a new hierarchy of interest in the management of archives; away from the long-accepted principles of national sovereignty and inalienability, and in the direction of access to the survivors of human rights violations and their advocates.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archives; East Timor; Human rights; Inalienability; Justice; National interest; Records; Secrecy; Security; Timor Leste; Truth commissions

Stories for Hope–Rwanda: a psychological–archival collaboration to promote healing and cultural continuity through intergenerational dialogue - Wallace, David A.; Pasick, Patricia; Berman, Zoe; Weber, Ella (Archival Science, 2014)
Can archives help heal and extend the benefit of therapeutic interventions in a post-genocide environment? We sought to probe this question through an uncommon collaborative documentation and research project linking psychology and archival science: Stories for Hope–Rwanda (SFH). This intergenerational dialogue project between youth and elder pairs in post-genocide Rwanda draws upon a collective narrative model from psychology and both community and participatory models from archives. The paper reports on three aspects of this endeavor: (1) description of SFH as a process of dialogue generation and archiving; (2) content analysis of the knowledge post-genocide youth sought from their elders; and (3) a qualitative evaluation of what benefits youth and elder pairs reported 6–12 months after their dialogue session, including how participants made use of a personal copy of their dialogue and their decision making and perceptions on making their dialogues more widely available. Specifically, we wanted to know whether psychological benefits would accrue if the silences about genocide could be breached by intergenerational dialogues and whether audio recordings of the dialogues archived for personal, national, and international use could motivate youths and elders over the hurdle of silence and extend the benefits of the dialogues to others. In contrast to interview-driven genocide testimonies, each youth asked an elder to answer some burning questions about the past. In response, elders were directed to share personal, true, and positively helpful stories from their past experiences. Through these efforts, SFH consciously sought to democratize the creation, control, custody, and access to the archive resulting from the recorded dialogues. Based on our analysis, we found that youth were eager to learn most about the genocide (causes, prevention, and stories of loss and survival), followed by family history, marriage, Rwandan culture, living as an orphan, and strategies for forgiveness and reconciliation. We also found that the archival component of the project significantly contributed to both the motivation for participation and the extent of participants’ healing. We conclude that this approach can be productively expanded to other post-conflict and post-genocide communities where silence about a traumatic past reigns triumphant and undermines the ability of youth to map a positive future.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Community archiving; Genocide; Participatory archiving; Psychology; Rwanda; Trauma

Mobilizing records: re-framing archival description to support human rights - Wood, Stacy; Carbone, Kathy; Cifor, Marika; Gilliland, Anne; Punzalan, Ricardo (Archival Science, 2014)
This article seeks to raise consciousness within the field of archival studies in order to foster a generative discussion about how descriptive practices might be expanded, approached differently, or completely rethought. It brings together crosscutting theoretical issues and provides practical examples of mediation in order to mobilize these records in support of human rights work. It first problematizes the foundational archival precept of respect des fonds and its sub-principles of original order and provenance. It then analyzes the necessary transformation of institutional policies and standards in order to foster trust and transparency and identifies structural or system wide strategies for ameliorating past abuses.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archival description; Archival education; Archival theory; Human rights

The Admissibility of Business Records as Legal Evidence: A Review of the Business Records Exception to the Hearsay Rule in Canada - Force, Donald C. (Archivaria, 2014)
Records professionals play an important role in increasing the likelihood that business records will be admitted as evidence. This article discusses the business records exception to the hearsay rule and the ways in which business records may be tendered as evidence in Canada. By reviewing Canadian case law, the author examines several criteria that could contribute to a judge’s decision to admit a business record as evidence and identifies ways that records professionals can help their organization satisfy each of the criteria. It is argued that the act of sound and structured recordkeeping helps an organization increase the likelihood that its business records will be admitted as evidence. RÉSUMÉ Les spécialistes en gestion de l’information jouent un rôle important afin d’augmenter la probabilité que les documents d’archives des entreprises soient admis comme preuves. Cet article discute du cas des documents d’archives des entreprises comme exception à la règle et il examine les façons dont ils peuvent être mis en adjudication au Canada. En faisant l’étude de la jurisprudence canadienne, l’auteur examine plusieurs critères qui pourraient contribuer à la décision d’un juge d’admettre comme preuve un document d’archives d’entreprise et il identifie les façons dont les spécialistes en gestion de l’information peuvent venir en aide à leur organisation en satisfaisant à chacun de ces critères. L’auteur affirme qu’une gestion des documents solide et structurée permet à une institution d’augmenter la probabilité que ses documents d’archives d’entreprise soient admis comme preuve.
Keywords: A&DwP website

Evidence, memory, identity, and community: four shifting archival paradigms - Cook, Terry (Archival Science, 2013)
This essay argues that archival paradigms over the past 150 years have gone through four phases: from juridical legacy to cultural memory to societal engagement to community archiving. The archivist has been transformed, accordingly, from passive curator to active appraiser to societal mediator to community facilitator. The focus of archival thinking has moved from evidence to memory to identity and community, as the broader intellectual currents have changed from pre-modern to modern to postmodern to contemporary. Community archiving and digital realities offer possibilities for healing these disruptive and sometimes conflicting discourses within our profession.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archival theory; Community archiving; Evidence; Memory; Paradigm shifts; Professional identity

Invoking “collective memory”: mapping the emergence of a concept in archival science - Jacobsen, Trond; Punzalan, Ricardo L.; Hedstrom, Margaret L. (Archival Science, 2013)
The concept of “collective” or “social” memory has assumed increasing prominence in the discourse of archivists over the past few decades. Archives are frequently characterized as crucial institutions of social memory, and many professional activities are considered forms of memory preservation. We present a systematic examination of the relationships between archives and collective memory as articulated in the English-language archival literature. We first identify the major themes regarding collective memory and categorize archival writings into four major threads. We then analyze citations extracted from 165 articles about collective memory published between 1980 and 2010 in four leading English-language archival studies journals. We identify the most influential scholars and publications and trace the evolution of the collective memory concept in that literature. By comparing the archival literature on collective memory to that indexed in Thomson’s Web of Science and in Google Scholar, we identify specific disciplines, authors, and works that archivists working on collective memory may find useful. We find that in general the archival literature on collective memory is fairly insular and self-referential and call on archivists to actively engage other disciplines when carrying out collective memory research.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archives and memory; Citation analysis; Collective memory; Public memory; Social memory; Transdisciplinarity

Norwegian war children's work for justice - the role of the archives - Olsen, Kåre (Comma, 2013)
People from different weak groups struggling for justice may be dependent on archive material to document and substantiate their claims. In this paper I discuss the question of to what extent we as archivists are aware of our role as rulers of the archives. As an example, I use the Norwegian war children and the importance of information from the archives of the Norwegian National Archives for them both individually and as a group in society. I also discuss how we as Civil Servants and archivists can perform in our work in a professional way when we are aware of the potential significance our role may have for users from weak groups and their work for justice.

Saddam Hussein's Records of Atrocity: Seizure, Removal, and Restitution - Montgomery, Bruce (The American Archivist, 2012)
Almost a decade following the 2003 American invasion of Iraq, most Iraqi state documents stemming from Saddam Hussein's regime remain in the possession of the United States. U.S. military forces seized the majority of them in the invasion and occupation for intelligence exploitation, approximately a hundred pages of records and thousands of audio- and videotapes from Hussein's various bureaucracies of repression. Another 5.5 million pages of secret police files chronicling Hussein's Anfal genocidal campaign in Iraqi Kurdistan in the middle to late 1980s also are in American hands. These were seized by Kurdish forces in the uprising in northern Iraq in March 1991 and removed by the Pentagon in 1992 and 1993 to American soil for safe storage and analysis. Moreover, in 2005, an additional seven million pages that once belonged to the Ba'ath Party and security forces were also spirited out of Iraq by military transport with the assistance of the Iraqi Memory Foundation, a private Washington, D.C.-based group that entered Iraq as an American defense contractor to preserve the records of Saddam Hussein's regime. Each of these various caches of state security documents has been removed from Iraq under highly unique circumstances as a result of internal rebellion and more than a decade of hostilities between the United States and Iraq. This article examines the circumstances surrounding these removals, their custody and use, and the status and limits of the international laws of war regarding their capture and return.
Keywords: A&DwP website

The economics and politics of international preservation collaborations: a Malian case study - Dong, Lorraine (Archival Science, 2012)
This paper examines four economic and political themes that are relevant to international heritage preservation and archives efforts. Collaborations that involve multiple players such as industrialized nations, international heritage organizations, and postcolonial or economically developing regions will inevitably be laden with sociopolitical and economic entanglements that affect preservation outcomes and modern cultural development. Drawing on the Timbuktu Manuscripts Project in Mali for context, the paper will first discuss the infrastructural limitations that limit the progress and sustainability of projects that seek to preserve and create greater access to cultural heritage. The second critical theme is the enduring legacy of colonialism and, more specifically, the multiple concepts in Africa regarding cultural and historical evidence. The third theme is the compromise between local and global development advocates, especially in terms of agreeing on access boundaries to cultural materials. The fourth theme is the dialogue that must take place between stakeholders, especially between the host communities and supporting entities. This paper posits that it is necessary to look at the Timbuktu Manuscripts Project and other heritage preservation and archives projects by their high-level commonalities and through deeply contextualized historical lenses in order to cogently discuss the social value of these multinational projects and to help plan future collaborative efforts.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archives; Cultural heritage; Digitization; Mali; Preservation; Timbuktu

The practical power of human rights: how international human rights standards can inform archival and record keeping practices - Gooda, Mick (Archival Science, 2012)
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is the preeminent international instrument elaborating on the rights of Indigenous peoples. It contains the minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of Indigenous peoples all over the world. As a consequence, the Declaration provides a blueprint for Indigenous peoples, governments and other third parties around the world to respect the rights and roles of Indigenous peoples within society. At its core, the Declaration is based on the principles of self-determination, good faith and participation in decision-making. In this paper, I outline how the principles of the Declaration can and should influence archival and record keeping practices. I suggest we need to harness the practical power of human rights. In exercising our right to participate in decision-making, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples can demonstrate this practical power. It is critical that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are substantive and major stakeholders in determining appropriate archival and record keeping processes for Indigenous culture, cultural property and knowledge.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Archives; Decision-making; Declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples; Human rights; Indigenous Australians; Self-determination

“Peace, order and good government”: archives in society - Wilson, Ian E. (Archival Science, 2012)
The phrase “peace, order and good government,” common to the definition of federal powers in both the Australian and the Canadian constitutions, has defined the relationship of the Crown and the citizen for more than five centuries. The archival record is fundamental to that relationship, providing its authoritative legal basis, documenting its evolution and continuing as a reminder of both our proudest achievements and our most dismal failures as a society. This paper reflects on the role of archives in recent Canadian human rights issues, highlighting both the strengths and the weaknesses of the record, the perception of archives as an agency of the state and the role of archives in helping society address highly contentious issues.
Keywords: A&DwP website; Canadian archives; Human rights; Indigenous human rights

Indigenous human rights and knowledge in archives, museums, and libraries: some international perspectives with specific reference to New Zealand and Canada - Morse, Bradford W. (Archival Science, 2012)
This article highlights the extent to which international law has changed rapidly in recent years in relation to the rights of Indigenous peoples generally, and in particular how this impacts upon the legal status of traditional knowledge and culture. It reviews the recognition of the unique legal status of Māori in Aotearoa and Aboriginal peoples in Canada in relation to selfdetermination and how their changing place within these nations are affecting the operations of museums, libraries and archives as case studies, illustrating some of the key legal and practical challenges that now impinge upon the work of archivists and related professionals in many countries.
Keywords: A&DwP website

Silence, Accessibility, and Reading Against the Grain: Examining Voices of the Marginalized in the India Office Records - Sowry, Nathan (InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 2012)
This paper deals with issues of power and silencing of the “Other” within colonial archives, particularly regarding British East India Company records of an attempted mutiny of Bengali sepoys and Javanese aristocrats in 1815, now housed in the India Office Records of the British Library. It recommends incorporating a postcolonial approach and reading records against the grain in order to recover these marginalized voices. The body of this paper is broken into three sections. The first section introduces the historical context of the attempted mutiny, questions the incomplete nature of archival and colonial records, and discusses the archivist’s responsibility to present as complete a record as possible. The second section discusses the introduction and importance of postmodern theory to the archival field. Particularly significant are arguments by practicing archivists who advocate reading records against the grain to recover voices of the marginalized, how this can be incorporated into archival practice, and the ensuing difficulties which may emerge. Finally, the third section discusses problems of access to colonial records such as those held in the India Office Records, and how the practices of digitization, international cooperation and preservation, and reading records against the grain are able to produce a plurality of voices.
Keywords: A&DwP website

The Archive in the Witness: Documentation in Settings of Chronic Insecurity - Riaño-Alcalá, Pilar; Baines, Erin (International Journal of Transitional Justice, 2011)
Abstract1. Through an exchange between members of community-based organizations that document human rights violations in northwest Colombia and northern Uganda

Toward an understanding of archives as a feature of collective memory - Josias, Anthea (Archival Science, 2011)
This paper reviews important aspects of the literature on collective memory, how some of these concerns have been expressed in archives, and contemplates how these issues relate to the politically transformative South African post-apartheid context. It highlights the erosion of boundaries between archives, museums, and other less-institutionalized memory projects in post-apartheid South Africa. It notes ways in which archival activity is taking place outside of traditional archives, as part of a changing and evolving memory landscape. It acknowledges the significant gaps in the written record that are a result of apartheid practices and cites different approaches that were overlooked by apartheid’s official archival systems. This paper offers a way of contemplating the ‘social constructedness’ of collective memory and the social and political dimensions of archives.
Keywords: Collective memory; Personal testimonies; Political transformation; Politics of memory; Social memory; South Africa

Returning Evidence to the Scene of the Crime: Why the Anfal Files Should be Repatriated to Iraqi Kurdistan - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2010)
On 22 April 2008, five years after the American invasion of Iraq, the Society of American Archivists (SAA) and the Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA) issued a joint statement calling for American authorities to repatriate millions of captured intelligence documents and intervene with the “government of Kurdistan” to return the Iraqi Anfal files to the Iraq National Library and Archive in Baghdad. The Anfal files, which chronicle Iraq’s genocide against the Kurds during the mid- to late-1980s, were captured by Kurdish peshmerga in the March 1991 uprisings following the first Gulf War. They were transferred to the United States for safe storage and analysis for human rights crimes with the understanding that the documents were Kurdish property. The SAA and ACA based their statement on the archival principle of the inalienability of national records, a concept that claims that the alienation of national records can only occur through a legislative act of the state. This principle of inalienability, however, is incompatible with the laws of war that allow for the capture of state records during hostilities, conflicts with the international legal regime of human rights regarding the restitution of state security files to a repressive regime that may reuse them, and contradicts the original agreement between American and Kurdish authorities governing ownership of the Anfal files. Indeed, with the growing appearance of a new Iraqi repressive regime – with one faction ruling at the expense of the others – there is considerable danger in repatriating the Anfal files and Hussein’s archive of atrocity to the ruling theocrats in Baghdad before political reconciliation takes root. Reasons of historical patrimony and provenance also argue for the return of the Anfal documents to Iraqi Kurdistan. RÉSUMÉ Le 22 avril 2008, cinq ans après l’invasion américaine de l’Iraq, la Society of American Archivists (SAA) et l’Association of Canadian Archivists (ACA) ont émis une déclaration commune demandant aux autorités américaines de rapatrier les millions de documents du renseignement saisis et d’intervenir auprès du « gouvernement du Kurdistan » afin de retourner les dossiers de l’Anfal iraquien à la Iraq National Library and Archive, à Bagdad. Les dossiers de l’Anfal, qui documentent le génocide iraquien des Kurdes durant la deuxième moitié des années 1980, avaient été saisis par les peshmergas kurdes pendant les insurrections de mars 1991 suite à la première guerre du Golfe. Ils ont été transférés aux États-Unis pour entreposage sécuritaire et pour les analyses dans l’optique des crimes contre l’humanité, tout en demeurant propriété kurde. La SAA et l’ACA ont basé leur déclaration sur le principe archivistique de l’inaliénabilité des documents nationaux, concept qui affirme que l’aliénation des documents nationaux ne peut se faire que par un acte législatif de l’état. Ce principe de l’inaliénabilité, cependant, est incompatible avec les lois de la guerre qui permettent la saisie de documents d’état pendant les hostilités; il entre en conflit avec le régime légal international en matière de droits humains au sujet de la restitution des dossiers de sécurité d’état à un régime répressif qui pourrait s’en servir à nouveau; et il contredit l’entente d’origine entre les autorités américaines et kurdes au sujet du droit de propriété des dossiers de l’Anfal. En effet, étant donné l’apparence montée d’un nouveau régime répressif en Iraq – avec une faction qui gouverne au détriment des autres – il y a un danger considérable de rapatrier les dossiers de l’Anfal et les archives des atrocités d’Hussein aux théocrates au pouvoir en Iraq avant qu’aucune réconciliation politique n’ait pu s’enraciner. Les notions de patrimoine historique et de provenance encouragent aussi le retour des documents de l’Anfal au Kurdistan iraquien.

Archivos y derechos humanos en América. La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos - Arias, Virginia (Comma, 2010)

Of condors and judges: Archival musings over a judicial investigation - Barrera, Giulia (Archival Science, 2010)
(2010) Barrera. Archival Science. Abstract The paper discusses some archival issues that emerged during a judicial investigation carried out by the Prosecutor’s Office\nof Rome (Italy) regarding h...

Los Archivos de Derechos Humanos en Perú - Cruz, Ruth (Comma, 2010)

Archives against Amnesia - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Politorbis., 2010)

Sites of Conscience: New Approaches to Conflicted Memory - Ševčenko, Liz (Museum International, 2010)
For better or for worse, heritage is a key terrain on which societal conflicts are expressed. Instead of treating conflict over heritage sites defensively, shielding them from attack, we can take proactive steps to offer heritage sites as resources for addressing contested social questions. This article explores strategies used around the world by ‘Sites of Conscience’– heritage sites that foster dialogue on contemporary issues – to help communities to confront the questions that divide them.

Memory, records, history: the Records of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste - Nannelli, Elizabeth (Archival Science, 2009)
This paper examines the implications of the context of creation on the current and potential future uses of the records produced by the Comissao de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliacao de Timor-Leste (Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, or CAVR). Given that the CAVR relied heavily on the testimony of the East Timorese people in its investigations that addressed a 25-year period, this paper considers the nature of memory and the role it played in creating and shaping the CAVR records. It also addresses the potential influences of the CAVR records, particularly the final report, Chega!, in shaping what will be known about this period by the Timorese people. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential role of the CAVR records in contributing to the history of Timor-Leste. Although truth commissions are a problematic form of truth telling, with significant implications for the writing of history, the records of the CAVR are an invaluable source of information for Timorese history. If future users can recognize the CAVR records as the products of the context of their creation, these records will have a critical role to play in the development of history within Timor-Leste.
Keywords: Memory; Records; Timor-Leste; Truth commissions

On dealing with the past, transitional justice and archives - Syrri, Despina (Balcanica, 2008)
This paper aims to explore initiatives in dealing with the past in South East Europe, particularly with regard to archives, and to reflect on discussions about the documentation of atrocities and sufferings and the shift from war to peace, ongoing in the Balkan countries affected by the 1991–1999 wars while the countries are still struggling to find the best way(s) to deal with the past and its consequences. Transitional justice may be framed as opening up different approaches to create collective memories, to share and to transfer these through time-space. New technologies used in archiving are assumed to open new avenues to democratization and accountability, in communication and free circulation of information, and to create a much broader negotiating process, with significant opportunities for the preservation of memory(ies), documentation and contestation — a far more multi-sited, multi-scalar and multi-level board where novel alliances, formations and mediations might arise. One particular case is that of the digitization and public accessibility of the tribunals’ archives, which are supposed to constitute an important legal and cultural heritage that belongs to the world community, as well as to the states and the citizens involved. The information contained in these archives is expected to be made available for new forms of use, such as scientific research and investigation by/for surviving relatives, while respecting different legal constraints. The archives would also serve the advancement of the international justice system by explaining the workings of the tribunals to the general public. Consequently the important question that arises is the ownership of these archives. The reciprocal “production” and “consumption” (shaping) of the colonial narrative of history and identity entail that the former colonizers and colonized are a community of records, sharing a common archival heritage. Therefore, what in Western archival practice is called the subject of the record has to be reconsidered as a full partner in the record-creating process, as a co-creator of the record. These archives thus seem to constitute a “joint heritage” shared by a number of “communities of records”, contributing to the possible formation of new identities and politics.

The Atrocity Files. Deciphering the Archives of Guatemala's Dirty War.The Atrocity Files. - Doyle, Kate; Doyle, Kate (Harper's Magazine, 2007)

Public Records and Archives as Tools for Good Governance: Reflections Within the Recordkeeping Scholarly and Practitioner Communities - Kemoni, Henry N.; Ngulube, Patrick; Stilwell, Christine (ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives, 2007)
The article presents the various points of view regarding the definitions and uses of records and archives amongst the recordkeeping scholarly and practitioner communities. It demonstrates that whereas records and archives are useful tools for facilitating transparency, accountability and good governance in society, they could be used as instruments of repression and human rights abuses. Attempts made by various regimes to destroy evidence documented in records to conceal actions related to misuse of power and human rights abuses are highlighted. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for records and archives personnel to collaborate in order to establish good recordkeeping regimes that facilitate the exploitation and use of records and archives as tools for governance, enhancement of public service delivery and achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among recordkeeping scholars, consultants, researchers and practitioners into the use of records and archives as tools for good governance and protection of human rights.
Keywords: Archives; Governance; Human Rights; Recordkeeping; Records; United Nations Millennium Development Goals

Transition politique, histoire et mémoire : réflexions sur l’experience de la commission marocaine pour la vérité - El Yazami, Driss (Gazette des archives, 2007)
L’Instance Equité et Réconciliation (IER) a relayé et amplifié un travail de mémoire qui avait été engagé par la société marocaine depuis des années. L’auteur, ancien membre de l’IER, présente les nombreuses questions auxquelles s’est trouvée confrontée cette instance, chargée à la fois d’établir la vérité sur les violations des droits de l’Homme intervenues au Maroc pendant près d’un demi-siècle, d’en expliquer le contexte et d’en préserver la mémoire : question des témoignages oraux, de leur confrontation à d’autres sources, de la préservation des archives publiques et privées et surtout des relations entre mémoire et histoire. Les membres de l’IER ont refusé de donner une version définitive de l’histoire du Maroc indépendant et ont préconisé la mise en oeuvre d’une véritable politique publique de développement des archives, et de soutien à la recherche scientifique et à l’enseignement de l’histoire du temps présent. L’auteur plaide pour la poursuite du travail pédagogique et civique engagé par l’IER, afin de donner au grand public une conscience historique du passé, et de fonder leur sentiment de citoyenneté.

Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post-autoritaires - González Quintana, Antonio (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post autoritaires ; Le rapport sur les archives des anciens régimes répressifs, préparé pour l’UNESCO et le Conseil International des Archives en 1996, a souligné l’importance cruciale de la conservation de ces documents puisqu’ils servent autant à la défense des personnes affectées par ces régimes qu’à la consolidation de la démocratie et à la reconstruction de la cohésion sociale. Comme la conservation des archives de la répression conditionne l’exercice de toute une série de droits collectifs et individuels, les nouvelles autorités démocratiques doivent adopter une législation adéquate. La loi doit considérer ces archives comme des biens culturels, en assurer la protection et en fixer les conditions d’accès. Compte tenu des risques de politisation de ces documents, il est indispensable que les archivistes en charge des archives de la répression adoptent un code de déontologie qui affirme le caractère patrimonial de ces archives et l’obligation pour les archivistes d’en préserver l’intégrité.

Un précieux gâchis : les archives du procès Milosevic - Hubrecht, Joël (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Alors qu’il touchait à sa fin, le procès de l’ex-président serbe devant le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) a été interrompu par la mort de l’accusé, privant victimes et juges du verdict final. En l’absence de dénouement judiciaire, les archives du procès revêtent donc une importance particulière. L’auteur en décrit la composition, la conservation et l’exploitation et il s’interroge sur l’impact qu’on peut en attendre dans la construction de la mémoire collective et dans la transition démocratique des sociétés concernées par ses crimes. Il explique que l’enjeu n’est pas seulement la sauvegarde de la mémoire des années 90 mais celle de tous les conflits qu’a connus la région des Balkans au XXème siècle. Cette réappropriation globale de la mémoire est d’autant plus nécessaire que les générations n’ont connu qu’une histoire nationale réécrite et que le rapport à la «vérité des faits » est profondément altéré. C’est pourquoi il est crucial de développer une politique de conservation et d’exploitation des archives du TPIY qui soit suffisamment exemplaire pour restaurer cette confiance perdue. C’est aux juristes et aux historiens qu’il appartient d’exploiter et de valoriser au mieux le fonds d’archives de ce procès inachevé, afin de montrer que ce qui pourrait apparaître comme un gâchis est en réalité un bien très précieux.

Droit des archives et droits de l’homme - Kabanda, Marcel (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Devant l’impossibilité de reconstituer par les archives écrites la réalité des crimes commis au Rwanda, l’auteur souligne l’importance des témoignages oraux, seuls à faire apparaître le rôle du gouvernement intérimaire dans l’incitation des populations civiles à commettre un génocide. Il met en garde contre les effets pervers de la chasse aux documents lancée après les massacres, hors de tout contrôle et sans assurance de préservation, par de multiples acteurs désireux de mobiliser l’opinion publique. Quant aux professionnels des archives, ils sont soumis à la pression croissante de nouveaux usagers, victimes et défenseurs des droits de l’Homme, et journalistes. Il leur faut des moyens supplémentaires mais aussi un nouveau droit qui adapte les règles de consultation des archives aux exigences de ces différents publics, en assurant un équilibre entre l’exigence de savoir et la protection des sources, et en préservant les intérêts de la recherche historique. L’auteur suggère aussi des actions de sensibilisation à la notion d’archives, notamment en partenariat avec les systèmes éducatifs, comme cela est déjà le cas pour les droits de l’Homme.

La construction du récit de la mémoire collective avec la contribution du savoir de l’historien - Neirinck, Danièle (Gazette des archives, 2007)

Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité - Pantz, Sylvie (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité ; Après avoir travaillé au Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie pendant quatre ans, de 1996 à 1999, l’auteur est retournée à La Haye préparer son intervention. Elle porte un regard neuf sur le TPIY qu’elle avait quitté dans la phase de «cueillette des preuves » et qu’elle retrouve très bien rôdé et doté de moyens sophistiqués à quelque temps de sa fermeture. Plus qu’aux archives du TPIY, bien conservées, c’est aux témoins qui ont déposé à La Haye et particulièrement aux témoins «potentiels » qu’elle s’intéresse. Elle craint qu’à la fermeture du Tribunal ils ne soient laissés pour compte parce qu’on a estimé inutile de les appeler à témoigner lors d’un procès. Elle souhaite que les justices nationales s’approprient ces affaires qui ne relèvent pas de la compétence du TPIY, ce qui donnerait l’occasion à ces témoins négligés de témoigner. Elle estime en conclusion qu’il serait légitime de restituer ces preuves, non pas aux Nations unies mais à leurs «propriétaires » . Elle s’interroge sur le lieu où les déposer, sans pouvoir apporter de réponse.

Archives et processus de criblage dans les sociétés en transition : l’exemple des pays de l’ancien bloc des Pays de l’Est - Rumin, Serge (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le vetting ou criblage consiste en l’examen minutieux des antécédents d’un candidat à un poste afin de déterminer son aptitude, sur le plan moral, à occuper un poste. Ce procédé est considéré comme un mécanisme de justice transitionnelle, au service tant de la réforme institutionnelle et de la poursuite pénale, que de la recherche collective de la vérité et de la réparation des torts causés aux victimes. L’auteur montre le rôle clé de l’information dans le mécanisme de criblage et les défis que posent la collecte et le traitement de l’information en général. Après avoir identifié le type d’informations utilisé dans un mécanisme de criblage, il met en évidence le lien entre la nature du processus de transition (post-conflit ou post-autoritaire) et le type d’information disponible, et examine en quoi le type d’information utilisé conditionne le mécanisme de criblage. Il montre enfin que le type d’information et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour son traitement affectent substantiellement les résultats du processus.

A la recherche des disparus de la seconde guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives - Sellem, Denis (Gazette des archives, 2007)
A la recherche des disparus de la Seconde Guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives ; Parti à la recherche de son oncle, Edouard Kalifat, disparu en URSS à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’auteur retrace les étapes successives d’un parcours solitaire qui l’a mené de ministères en centres d’archives russes et ukrainiens, en passant par l’appel à témoins et le recours aux medias. Devenu un usager des archives expérimenté, il explique les difficultés qu’il a rencontrées au cours de sa quête d’informations, en raison de la complexité et du cloisonnement des circuits institutionnels et associatifs. Elles l’ont incité à élargir sa recherche personnelle à celle de toutes les personnes disparues en URSS dans des conditions analogues et à créer une association spécialisée dans les recherches humanitaires. Il tire de cette expérience unique des recommandations pratiques, destinées à faciliter la tâche des familles confrontées à la disparition de l’un de leurs membres et désemparées. Il invite les administrations concernées à établir à leur intention un guide des démarches à entreprendre. Il presse aussi les archivistes d’élaborer un guide des services d’archives à consulter et de mettre en place des instruments de recueil d’informations et de suivi des dossiers.

Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même - Solis Azuaga, Gabriela (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même. ; Gabriela Solís Azuaga présente dans cet article son témoignage vécu du stronisme, régime despotique du général Stroessner que le Paraguay a subi pendant 35 ans. Après avoir présenté brièvement le Paraguay et son histoire, l’auteur tente de définir ce régime, atypique à plus d’un titre. La découverte en 1992 des archives de la police politique du stronisme, archives dites de la terreur, a permis à certaines familles de connaître la vérité sur le sort de leurs disparus et d’obtenir justice. Mais l’intérêt de ce fonds dépasse le cadre national puisqu’on y trouve les fichiers et dossiers de l’Opération Condor qui concernent les pays d’Amérique latine impliqués dans ce plan coordonné de répression. L’auteur conclut en constatant que le temps du travail de mémoire n’est pas encore arrivé au Paraguay, alors que la compréhension du passé permettrait de résoudre les difficultés auxquelles il est toujours confronté.

Access, the democratic imperative - Ketelaar, Eric (Archives and Manuscripts, 2006)
Informit is an online service offering a wide range of database and full content publication products that deliver the vast majority of Australasian scholarly research to the education, research and business sectors. Informit encompasses online products: Informit Indexes, Informit Plus Text and Informit Collections.

Professional ethics and practice in archives and records management in a human rights context - Cook, Michael (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
This article contains a survey of ethical codes adopted by the Archives and Records Management (ARM) professional associations in Anglophone areas in the 1990s and notes that such codes are in effect standards to set beside other standards. The Museums Association code of ethics is compared, because it is aimed at institutions and not at individual professionals. It can be observed that institutional aims contain a strong ethical component. This is backed by procedural standards and guidelines required by new legislation in the UK (notably Freedom of Information and Data Protection). ARM professionals are faced with growing tensions in the interfaces between them and creators of records, owners of records, users and data subjects. Ethical decisions are constantly being demanded in all these areas. There is then a review of ARM responses to the human rights movement internationally, ranging from the ethical code proposed by the Quintana Report (1997), through subsequent discussions at CITRA, the Vienna Congress of the International Council on Archives (2004) and the University of Liverpool conference on archives and political pressures (2003). The article concludes by proposing that codes of ethics should be extended to direct the work of institutions as well as of individuals, that ethical principles embedded in procedural standards and guidelines should be recognised and codified, and that human rights issues should be explicitly recognised in ARM services through mission and policy statements.

Archives as Spaces of Memory - Ketelaar, Eric (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
The first part of this paper deals with truth, justice, memory and the role of archives. The record speaks with multiple voices through many intermediaries. Those intermediaries are the subject of the second part of the paper addressing the issue of connecting people's stories with public archives, using technologies for social navigation and ubiquitous computing which can transform archives into social spaces of memory.
Keywords: From the Forerunners of Document Collection to the Trial of Klaus Barbie and beyond

La "cultura de la memoria": problemas y reflexiones - Waldman M., Gilda (Política y cultura, 2006)
El artículo plantea que la emergencia de la memoria como preocupación cultural y política central de nuestras sociedades contemporáneas es un fenómeno mundial que atraviesa los más diversos espacios geográficos. El texto esboza algunas explicaciones sobre el por qué de esta intensa "obsesión memorialística", señalando, al mismo tiempo, algunas de sus paradojas. El artículo analiza, asimismo, cómo se produce la apertura de la memoria relativa al pasado reciente en algunos países de Europa y en algunos otros del Cono Sur después de la experiencia de las dictaduras militares, para centrarse a continuación en la "batalla de las memorias" en México, en relación al tema de los movimientos político–armados, algunos de décadas en estos casos.

Archives, Truth, and Reconciliation - Sachs, Albie (Archivaria, 2006)
This lecture by Justice Albie Sachs of the South African Constitutional Court recounts his “archive fever.” Archivaria asked Verne Harris of the Nelson Mandela Foundation to prepare a short introduction. RÉSUMÉCet exposé du juge Albie Sachs de la Cour constitutionnelle de l’Afrique du Sud (South African Constitutional Court) évoque sa « fièvre des archives ». Archivaria a demandé à Verne Harris de la Fondation Nelson Mandela de préparer une brève introduction.

Genocidal Archives: The African Context—Genocide in Rwanda - Adami, Tom A.; Hunt, Martha (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2005)
When looking at international criminal justice archival theory and practice, it is difficult to find many examples. There are the two current ad-hoc international criminal tribunals dealing with the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) in The Hague, Netherlands and Arusha, Tanzania, respectively. Prior to 1993 one has to go back to the late 1940's and the Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials. This article asks whether there is such a thing as international criminal justice archival theory and details several of the unique aspects of record-keeping practice in an international organisation that deals with genocide and other crimes against humanity. Much valuable and innovative work has been carried out by the staff of the records and archives unit of ICTR since 1998 and the continuation of these approaches will be vital to future similar organisations. In light of current developments to deal with the former Iraqi regime in a hybrid internatioinal and/or domestic Iraqi court, valuable lessons can be learnt from the experience of the ICTY and the ICTR.

Open Memory: Using inter-institutional cooperation to facilitate access to human rights. - Ferrari, Damian (New Tactics Project of the Center for Victims and Torture., 2005)

'We must remember our past so that we do not repeat it' - Forde, Helen (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2004)
The theme of the 2003 CITRA conference concentrated on archives and human rights and the problems associated with the status, use and collection of such archives. It provided a global view of large-scale denial of human rights, and gave insight into different views and perceptions. In the UK the issue is less the mass denial of human rights, more the recurrent denial to individuals. How does the UK measure up in terms of trying to prevent the abuse of such rights? Will the implementation of the Freedom of Information Act make a difference? Raising awareness is a first step, but more action is needed in order to avoid any repetition of past failures.

Fact-Finding by Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations: Challenges,Strategies, and the Shaping of Archival Evidence - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2004)

Archives and Historical Accountability: Toward a Moral Theology of Archives - O'Toole, James (Archivaria, 2004)

Accountability, History, and Archives: Conflicting Priorities or Synthesized Strands? - Dirks, John M. (Archivaria, 2004)

Archives and the Public Good: Accountability and Records in Modern Society - Cox, Richard J.; Wallace, David A. (Journal of Documentation, 2003)
Keywords: Accountability; Archives; Records management

Presidential Materials: Politics and the Presidential Records Act - Montgomery, Bruce (The American Archivist, 2003)
President George W. Bush's Executive Order No. 13,233, issued on 1 November 2001, marked the latest attempt by the executive branch to circumvent or otherwise nullify the key provisions of the Presidential Records Act. Congress passed the Presidential Records Act in 1978 in the wake of the Watergate scandals to assure public ownership and control over presidential materials. Nonetheless, starting with the presidency of Ronald Reagan, who was the first president to be covered by the act, the executive branch has repeatedly attacked the statute through various regulatory schemes and overly broad claims of executive privilege. Indeed, with their historical reputations and legacies at stake, presidents have never fully accepted the concept of yielding control over their presidential materials. This article reviews the troubling history of the Presidential Records Act and the implications of the latest attempts to restrict access to presidential papers.

Stories and names: Archival description as narrating records and constructing meanings - Duff, Wendy M.; Harris, Verne (Archival Science, 2002)
The authors of this essay, coming from very different traditions and modes of archival discourse, explore together archival description as a field of archival thinking and practice. Their shared conviction is that records are always in the process of being made, and that the stories of their making are parts of bigger stories understandable only in the ever-changing broader contexts of society. The exploration begins with an interrogation of the traditional and ever-valid questions of the what and the why of archival description. Thereafter they offer a deconstruction of these questions and of the answers commonly proffered. In these sections of the essay their concern is with descriptive architecture, the analysis covering a number of specific architectures and including only oblique references to descriptive standardization. The concluding section attempts to draw out the implications of their analysis for endeavours - irrespective of the architectures being used - to define, and to justify, descriptive standards. Their call is not to dispense with standardization, but rather to create space for a liberatory approach which engages creatively the many dangers of standardization.

Reflections on the Goal of Archival Appraisal in Democratic Societies - Eastwood, Terry (Archivaria, 2002)

Establishing Recognition of Past Injustices: Uses of Archival Records in Documenting the Experience of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War - Roberts-Moore, Judith (Archivaria, 2002)

Silencios, contingencias y desafíos: el Archivo de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad en Chile. - Cruz, María Angélica (Los archivos de la represión: Documentos, memoria y verdad, 2002)

Recordkeeping, reconciliation and political reality - Piggott, Michael; McKemmish, Sue (Australian Society of Archivists Annual Conference, 2002)
Keywords: Uncategorized

The Iraqi Secret Police Files: A Documentary Record of the Anfal Genocide - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2001)

Human Rights: A Survey of Archival Sources in the United States and Canada - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)

Human Rights Archives and Research on Historical Memory: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay - Bickford, Louis (Latin American Research Review, 2000)
[This research note discusses an emerging subfield of inquiry in the study of democratization in Latin America: a focus on the relationships between past human rights abuses and democratization processes. It outlines four sets of questions emerging around the themes of "historical memory" and "legacies of authoritarian rule." The study then examines documentary collections of major human rights nongovernmental organizations (HRNGOs) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. The purpose of this endeavor is to provide researchers interested in studying the four issues with specific information on documents produced and currently held by the HRNGOs in the Southern Cone. The essay examines seven HRNGOs in Chile, ten in Argentina, and four in Uruguay, and ends with practical hints for researchers who wish to use these resources.]

The Universal Declaration on Archives - International Council on Archives (2010)
Adopted at the General Assembly of ICA Oslo, September 2010. Endorsed by the 36th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO on 10th November 2011.

Application of ISAD(G) for Human Rights Archives. - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp; Human Rights working group (International Council on Archives. Conseil International des Archives., 2012)

OHCHR | Call for inputs: Countering disinformation for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms - OHCHR (OHCHR, 2022)
Objectives The United Nations General Assembly resolution 76/227 on “Countering disinformation for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms” requested the UN Secretary-General “to seek the views of States, United Nations entities and relevant stakeholders and to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session a report, within existing resources, based on information and best practices shared by States, United Nations entities and relevant stakeholders on countering disinformation.”

OHCHR | International Financial Obligations, Digital Systems and Human Rights - OHCHR Special Procedures (OHCHR, 2022)
Background and objectives In her annual report to the Human Rights Council in March 2023 the Independent Expert on debt, other international financial obligations and human rights, Ms. Attiya Waris, will address the links between international financial obligations, digital systems and human rights.

OHCHR | Call for inputs for a report on cultural rights and migration - OHCHR Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights (OHCHR, 2023)
Background An estimated 280 million people, approximately 3.6% of the world’s population, currently live outside their country of origin. The reasons for these displacements are numerous: some may have chosen to leave to pursue better opportunities elsewhere; many are compelled to leave for a complex combination of reasons, including poverty, lack of access to healthcare, education, water, food, housing, and the consequences of environmental degradation and climate change; others are forced to flee persecution and conflicts.

ICC Office of the Prosecutor | Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage for consultation - ICC Office of the Prosecutor (International Criminal Court, 2021)
Today, 23 March 2021, the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court ("ICC" or the "Court''), published a draft Policy on Cultural Heritage for consultation and comments by States Parties to the Rome Statute, civil society, and the wider community of stakeholders.The development of this Policy is in line with the Office of the Prosecutor's Strategic Plan to pay particular attention to crimes against and affecting cultural heritage and the commitment of the Office to systematically investigate and prosecute such crimes. "Cultural heritage is the embodiment of the continuity of the human story, a celebration of identity, our commonality and the richness of our diversity.  We all have a duty to protect cultural heritage," stated Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda in contextualising this policy initiative. The draft Policy on Cultural Heritage is the manifestation of these commitments within the framework of the Rome Statute.Building on good practices and experiences of the Office in, inter alia, the Al-Mahdi case, the envisaged Policy will further guide the Office in addressing international crimes against cultural heritage within the Court's legal framework, raise greater awareness about the importance of the issue, and seek to close the impunity gap, including through positive complementarity with national jurisdictions, and maximize impact through collaboration with a wide network of partners and relevant actors. The draft Policy is based on the Rome Statute and other regulatory instruments of the Court, as well as applicable treaties, and the principles and rules of international law. It also draws on relevant international jurisprudence.The policy formulation and drafting process to date has been a consultative one. Initial round table consultations took place with a group of external experts, including experts from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ("UNESCO"), in 2017. The Office has enjoyed close collaboration with UNESCO, and is further consulting this specialised agency of the United Nations also in this round of consultations. The consultations carried out to date have been important to better understand the various angles from which the work of the Office can play a role in the protection of cultural heritage and have assisted the policy formulation process.The Office is of the view that external consultations on its policies and working methods are helpful to the ends of transparency and predictability. Wider external consultation is also important in ensuring that the Office ultimately adopts a policy that is comprehensive and thoroughly considered.  The Office therefore welcomes and encourages comments on the draft Policy. Comments can be sent to: OTPLegalAdvisorySection@icc-cpi.int, by Friday, 16 April 2021, midnight (CET). All input received by this deadline will be carefully considered in the internal review and revision process. The Office is grateful for the interest and support of the Rome Statute community for its activities and initiatives. Draft Policy on Cultural Heritage The Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC conducts independent and impartial preliminary examinations, investigations and prosecutions of the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression. Since 2003, the Office has been conducting investigations in multiple situations within the ICC's jurisdiction, namely in Uganda; the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Darfur, Sudan; the Central African Republic (two distinct situations); Kenya; Libya; Côte d'Ivoire; Mali; Georgia, Burundi; Bangladesh/Myanmar, Afghanistan (subject to a pending article 18 deferral request) and Palestine. The Office is also currently conducting preliminary examinations relating to the situations in Bolivia; Colombia; Guinea; the Philippines; and Venezuela (I and II); and has recently completed its preliminary examinations of the situations in Ukraine and Nigeria, which are pending requests to seek authorisation to proceed to investigation.

OHCHR | Call for inputs for a thematic study by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances on “new technologies and enforced disappearances” - OHCHR Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (OHCHR, 2023)
Background At its 125th session, the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (hereinafter, ‘the Working Group’) announced its intention to conduct a thematic study on the issue of new technologies and enforced disappearances.

OHCHR | Call for input: Comprehensive report on “Importance of casualty recording for the promotion and protection of human rights.” - OHCHR (OHCHR, 2023)
Background In resolution 50/11, the Human Rights Council requested the High Commissioner “to prepare, in consultation with all States, relevant United Nations entities, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and national human rights institutions, a comprehensive report on the impact of casualty recording on the promotion and protection of human rights, including relevant practices, in particular the role of casualty recording in upholding and fulfilling the rights of victims of armed conflict, post-conflict situations

OHCHR | Call for input 53rd session of the Human Rights Council - Combating glorification of Nazism, neo-Nazism and other practices that contribute to fuelling contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance - OHCHR Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance (OHCHR, 2023)
Background Since 2012, the General Assembly has adopted annual resolutions mandating the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance to prepare two reports per year, one to the Human Rights Council and one to the General Assembly, on the implementation of General Assembly resolutions on combating glorification of Nazism, neo-Nazism and other practices that contribute to fuelling contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance.

OHCHR | Call for input on The use of technology in facilitating and preventing contemporary forms of slavery - OHCHR Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and its consequences (OHCHR, 2023)
Objectives of the report The Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, wishes to focus his next thematic report to the General Assembly on “the use of technology in facilitating and preventing contemporary forms of slavery”.

OHCHR | Call for comments on the draft general comment on children’s rights and the environment with a special focus on climate change - OHCHR Committee on the Rights of the Child (OHCHR, 2023)
The Committee on the Rights of the Child is currently drafting a general comment on children’s rights and the environment with a special focus on climate change.

OHCHR | Call for inputs on rights of the child and inclusive social protection - OHCHR (OHCHR, 2023)
Background Inclusive social protection is an important and timely issue affecting the respect, protection, and fulfilment of the rights of the child around the world.

ICA SAHR – A Legacy of the DDR: The Stasi Records Archive - Dagmar Hovestädt - ICA International Council on Archives (2023)
Dagmar Hovestädt, head of outreach and research at the Stasi Records Archive at the Federal Archives in Germany presents A Legacy of the DDR: The Stasi Records Archive. Dagmar Hovestädt was the spokeswoman of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records (BStU) from 2011 to 2021. Currently she heads the department outreach and research at the Stasi Records Archive at the Federal Archives in Germany. As part of her duties, she implements strategy on continued research into the Stasi records as well as on public education, exhibitions, events and the development of the historic site of the Ministry for State Security into a "Campus for Democracy". She is part of an initiative to form an international human rights archive network and is speaking and writing on the role of archives in transitional justice. She received a master’s degree in communication and political science from the Berlin Free University in 1991, after which she worked as a journalist in Berlin from 1989 to 1999 and for German media from the USA from 2000 to 2011. As a direct result of the Peaceful Revolution of 1989 the records of the Ministry for State Security, the secret police in the service of the East German communist party SED, were made available to the public, to address the injustices of the communist past in the united Germany. Unlike many other Eastern European countries, the unique post-conflict situation of the unification of the two Germanys allowed for immediate access to these records in support of many transitional justice mechanisms in dealing with the past. This talk will present the special conditions of the German process, the effects upon the role of the archive, and its future potential. After 30 years of active participation in shaping the dialogue about the past, the Stasi Records Archive now part of the Federal Archives (Bundesarchiv) seems poised for a continuing role in the safeguarding of democracy and human rights for the coming generations.

ICA SAHR – Les Lieux de Sépulture Non-Marqués des Pensionnats Indiens du Canada - Raymond Frogner - ICA International Council on Archives (2023)
Raymond Frogner, responsable des archives au Centre national pour la vérité et la réconciliation de l’Université du Manitoba présente Les Lieux de Sépulture Non-Marqués des Pensionnats Indiens du Canada. Cette intervention présentera certaines des sources archivistiques référencées lors de l'enquête sur les lieux de sépulture non marqués situés à proximité des pensionnats autochtones au Canada. Cette recherche est confrontée à de nombreux défis, notamment le caractère fragmentaire des sources documentaires, le flou des compétences juridiques et les difficultés rencontrées par les communautés autochtones pour obtenir la vérité. Raymond Frogner est responsable des archives au Centre national pour la vérité et la réconciliation de l’Université du Manitoba et membre du Comité consultatif national sur les enfants disparus des pensionnats et les sépultures non marquées. Il est également coprésident du groupe d’experts du Conseil international des archives sur les affaires autochtones et l'auteur principal de la Déclaration de l'ICA en 2019 de Tandanya/Adélaïde concernant l'autodétermination et les archives autochtones. Il a été auparavant responsable des archives privées à l'Université d'Alberta où il a enseigné sur les archives autochtones, et responsable des archives privées, principalement autochtones, au musée royal de la Colombie-Britannique. En 2020, il a été nommé Fellow de l'Association des archivistes canadiens.

ICA SAHR – El Uso de los Archivos por la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación de Perú - Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz, Profesora Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Perú - El Uso de los Archivos por la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación de Perú La utilización de los archivos en la tarea de reconstrucción de nuestra historia reciente de violaciones de derechos humanos ha sido puesta de relevancia a través del trabajo realizado por la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR). Su Unidad de Documentación localizó y recopiló información bibliográfica y documental en instituciones públicas y privadas con el fin de que fueran utilizadas por diferentes áreas de la CVR en su investigación sobre las causas y consecuencias del conflicto armado interno en el Perú entre 1980 y 2000. El trabajo realizado por la UD ha sido extremadamente relevante y de la mayor importancia y se ha centrado, desde el principio, en la organización y descripción de los fondos documentales recogidos a lo largo del tiempo por las diferentes áreas de la CVR. Estos fondos fueron posteriormente transferidos a la Oficina de la Defensoría del Pueblo de Perú, que asumió la responsabilidad de preservarlos y ponerlos a disposición de las instituciones encargadas de implementar las recomendaciones contenidas en el Informe Final de la CVR, informe que ha sido esencial para la administración de justicia, las reparaciones y el fortalecimiento de la memoria histórica y social del Perú. Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz es una historiadora peruana egresada de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), donde actualmente es profesora del Departamento de Historia de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. De 1998 a 2002 trabajó en el Archivo General de la Nación. Fue miembro de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación del Perú de 2002 a 2003 y trabajó en la Defensoría del Pueblo de 2004 a 2012. Ha sido consultora del Lugar de Memoria, Tolerancia e Inclusión Social (LUM), ha asistido a seminarios, talleres y coloquios en varios países de Europa y América y participado en diversos intercambios colaborativos sobre preservación de la memoria y archivos.

ICA SAHR – The Rwanda Gacaca Archive - Peter Horsman - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Peter Horsman, Professor Emeriti – University of Amsterdam presents Documenting Genocide Justice: The Rwanda Gacaca Archive Peter Horseman previously worked with the Netherlands Archives School, Municipal Archives of Dordrecht, and the National Archives of the Netherlands. Currently, he is active as a consultant, mostly in the field of (electronic) records and archives management, and digital preservation (both for public and private organizations). He is currently involved in a data transformation project, providing access to the archives of the genocide courts in Rwanda, for the Netherlands Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (NIOD). Between 2002 and 2012, over 12,000 of Rwanda state-supervised community courts judged the alleged perpetrators of the 1994 genocide against an estimated 800,000 Tutsis by government forces, militia and Hutu civilians. The so called Gacaca Archive contains the files created before, during and after the reported 1,958,634 cases tried through these courts. Altogether, the Gacaca Archive comprises one of the world’s largest repositories on transitional justice. Gacaca refers to ‘a bed of soft green grass’ on which local Rwandan communities traditionally gathered to settle disputes between families or community members. This Gacaca juridical system, abandoned in the 1950s was reintroduced but replaced by the modernized, professionalized and centralized Inkiko Gacaca (Gacaca jurisdictions) in the early 2000s, specifically designed to deal with genocide related cases. The Gacaca Archive, about 6 linear kilometers of shelves, has been digitized, and is currently being indexed to make it accessible for both lawyers, general public, and scholars.

ICA SAHR – Mapeo del Cambio Climático para Proteger los Archivos - Claudio Ogass Bilbao - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Oradores: Claudio Ogass Bilbao, Estudiante de Doctorado en Archivos y Gestión Documental de la Universidad de Liverpool , y Francisco González Villanueva, Geólogo de la Universidad de Chile Mapeo del Cambio Climático para Proteger los Archivos El objetivo de esta presentación es compartir una metodología en construcción para identificar los potenciales riesgos provocados por el cambio climático que amenazan la sostenibilidad y el contenido de los archivos en diferentes partes del mundo, basándonos en las experiencias y aprendizajes de nuestro trabajo de mapeo y georreferenciación en dos ciudades latinoamericanas: Río de Janeiro de Brasil y Santiago de Chile. Si bien los resultados preliminares muestran que menos de un 2% están ubicados en zonas geográficas peligrosas, pretendemos compartir el proceso de nuestra investigación con la finalidad de que más archiveros tomen conciencia de la importancia de este tema en la planificación de las tareas internas de sus instituciones y, a su vez, elaboren planes de emergencia para mitigar posibles efectos negativos. Finalmente, nos interesa estimular más estudios de este tipo para configurar una respuesta multinacional a este problema. ---- Speakers: Claudio Ogass Bilbao, PhD student in Archives and Records Management at the University of Liverpool, and Francisco González Villanueva, geologist from the University of Chile Mapping Climate Change to Protect Archives The objective of this presentation is to share a methodology under construction to identify the potential risks caused by climate change that threaten the sustainability and content of archives in different parts of the world, based on the experiences and learning from our mapping and georeferencing work in two Latin American cities: Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and Santiago in Chile. Although the preliminary results show that less than 2% are located in dangerous geographical areas, we intend to share the process of our research with the aim that more archivists become aware of the importance of this issue in the planning of the internal tasks of their archivists, institutions and, in turn, develop emergency plans to mitigate possible negative effects. Finally, we are interested in stimulating more studies of this type to configure a multinational response to this problem. ---- Intervenants: Claudio Ogass Bilbao, doctorant en Archives and Records Management à l’Université de Liverpool, et Francisco González Villanueva, géologue de l’Université du Chili Cartographie du Changement Climatique pour Protéger les Archives L’objectif de cette présentation consiste à partager une méthodologie en construction afin d’identifier les risques potentiels qui sont provoqués par le changement climatique et qui menacent la pérennité et le contenu des archives dans différentes parties du monde. Cette étude se fonde sur les expériences et les apprentissages du travail de cartographie et de géoréférencement que nous avons mené sur deux ville latino-américaines, Rio de Janeiro et Santiago du Chili. Même si les résultats montrent que moins de 2% des terres se situent dans des zones dangereuses, nous aspirons à partager les avancées de notre enquête dans le but de voir davantage d’archivistes prendre conscience de l’importance de cette question dans l’organisation des tâches propres à leurs institutions et de faire en sorte que, à leur tour, ils élaborent des plans d’urgence pour atténuer les éventuels effets négatifs d’un tel phénomène. Finalement, nous souhaitons favoriser d’autres études de ce genre pour construire une réponse multinationale à ce problème.

ICA SAHR – L’accès aux archives en France - Gilles Manceron - ICA International Council on Archives (2022)
Gilles Manceron, Historien spécialiste du colonialisme français L’accès aux archives en France : entre les principes républicains et le poids de l’Etat, des difficultés persistent. Lors de la Révolution française, le droit des citoyens à consulter les archives publiques a été proclamé, mais les différents régimes qui ont suivi ont eu tendance à considérer celles-ci comme leur propriété et à entraver cet accès. Il faut attendre les lois de 1979 et de 2008 pour que les délais de consultation des archives publiques soient précisés et raccourcis. Mais les archives concernant certaines périodes sensibles de l’histoire française sont plus difficiles à consulter. Celles de 1940 à 1944 où des autorités françaises ont collaboré avec l’occupant nazi ont été rendues entièrement accessibles en 2015. Mais des obstacles persistent pour consulter celles de la période des guerres d’Indochine et d’Algérie. -- Speaker: Gilles Manceron, Historian specializing in French colonialism Access to archives in France: between republican principles and the weight of the state, difficulties persist. During the French Revolution, the right of citizens to consult public archives was proclaimed, but the various regimes which followed tended to regard them as their property and to obstruct this access. It was not until the laws of 1979 and 2008 that the time limits for consulting public archives were clarified and shortened. But the archives relating to certain sensitive periods in French history are more difficult to access. Those from 1940 to 1944 when the French authorities collaborated with the Nazi occupier were made fully accessible in 2015. But obstacles persist to consult those from the period of the wars in Indochina and Algeria. -- Orador: Gilles Manceron, historiador especializado en el colonialismo francés Durante la Revolución Francesa, se proclamó el derecho de los ciudadanos a consultar los archivos públicos, pero los diversos regímenes que siguieron tendieron a considerarlos como de su propiedad y a obstruir este acceso. No fue hasta las leyes de 1979 y 2008 que se aclararon y acortaron los plazos para la consulta de archivos públicos. Pero los archivos relacionados con ciertos períodos sensibles de la historia francesa son más difíciles de consultar. Los de 1940 a 1944, en los que las autoridades francesas colaboraron con el ocupante nazi, se hicieron plenamente accesibles en 2015. Pero persisten obstáculos para consultar los del período de las guerras de Indochina y Argelia.

ICA SAHR – Italian Condor Trials - Giulia Barrera - ICA International Council on Archives (2021)
Giulia Barrera Operation Condor was a secret, illegal cooperation agreement among Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay in 1975 to track down and eliminate political opponents who had taken refuge abroad. After the 1973 coups in Chile and Uruguay, thousands of opponents from these countries fled to Argentina, which already hosted a wide community of Paraguayan refuges; in the following years, thousands of Argentinians took refuge abroad as well. Due to the Condor system of cooperation, once abroad political opponents still were not safe from being forcibly disappeared at the hands of intelligence operatives of their own countries: hundreds of them, in fact, were tracked down and killed. A few of them had Italian citizenship. During the past decade, Italy tried military personnel who, as part of Operation Condor were responsible for “disappearing” and killing Italian citizens, and convicted 11 Uruguayans and three Chileans. Giulia Barrera testified at this trial, using archival documents to provide evidence of the functioning of “Condor.” Join us as Dr. Barrera describes the role of archival documents in the Italian Condor trial.

ICA SAHR – Tunisian Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Adel Maizi - ICA International Council on Archives (2021)
Adel Maizi – Archivist and Past President for the IVD’s Commission for the Preservation of Memory Presentation: The Truth and Dignity Commission (Instance Vérité et Dignité, IVD) of Tunisia is the only truth commission that was formed following the Arab Spring revolutions, which swept across the Arab region in 2011. After five years of work, 63,000 complaints of violations, tens of thousands of interviews and 12 televised public hearings, the Commission released its final report in March 2019.

ICA SAHR – South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Graham Dominy - ICA International Council on Archives (2021)
Graham Dominy, Former National Archivist of South Africa Intertwined Challenges: Competing Interests in the Archiving and Accessing of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission Record

Clarification Commission in Guatemala - Tomuschat, Christian (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La Isla: Archives of a Tragedy - Stelzner, Uli (2009)
In July 2005 a huge explosion in the Guatemalan Capital leads to the discovery of the historic archive of the National Police. On the grounds of the today's Police Academy used to be located the island, the secret prison of notori...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

How Trump-Fed Conspiracy Theories About Migrant Caravan Intersect With Deadly Hatred - Peters, Jeremy W. (The New York Times, 2018)
In the final days before the election, President Trump and Republicans are trying again to highlight the caravan, which he called “an invasion of our country.”
Keywords: Anti-Semitism; Conservatism (US Politics); Illegal Immigration; Immigration and Emigration; Midterm Elections (2018); News and News Media; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Republican Party; Rumors and Misinformation; Soros, George; Trump, Donald J; United States Politics and Government

Against the Odds: CICIG in Guatemala - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Refworld, 2016)
Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. The information has been carefully selected and compiled from UNHCR's global network of field offices, Governments, international, regional and non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and judicial bodies.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Analysis | Why some Latin American countries are rushing to open Jerusalem embassies, too - Noack, Rick (Washington Post, 2021)
It's mostly about currying favor with the United States, not Israel.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Trump’s agreements in Central America are dismantling the asylum system as we know it - Narea, Nicole (Vox, 2019)
The administration has started sending migrants back to Guatemala.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Guatemala Declares War on History - Lynch, Colum (Foreign Policy, 2019)
Looking for help on immigration, the Trump administration is silent in the face of Guatemala’s effort to seal its dirty war archive.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Secrets in Guatemala’s Bones - Jones, Maggie (The New York Times, 2016)
In the face of death threats, a forensic anthropologist has spent two decades exhuming the victims of a “dirty” civil war. Now his work might help bring justice for their murders.
Keywords: Archaeology and Anthropology; Forensic Science; Guatemala; Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Foundation; Human Rights and Human Rights Violations; Jones, Maggie; Peccerelli, Fredy (1971- ); References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Rios Montt, Efrain; War Crimes, Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity