Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict - Bien, William J.; Bouckaert, Peter; Hanson, Alan; Khachikian, Arthur; King, Kevin; Laudy, Mark; Levy, Tali; Messing, Barbara; Stettenheim, Joel; Tang, Rock; Weinthal, Erika (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1999)
The international community can creatively and aggressively address deadly conflict through mediation, arbitration, and the development of international institutions to promote reconciliation. The editors of this book designed a systematic framework with which contributors compare third party intervention in twelve conflicts of the postDCold War period. They examine the role of international organizations_the United Nations, international development banks, and international law institutions_and they analyze the tools and forms of leverage in successful and unsuccessful mediations. Based on the case studies, the editors identify the most effective institutions, make recommendations for improving interventions, and elucidate several important insights into the mediation process and the role of the international community in dispute resolution.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights Archives and Research on Historical Memory: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay - Bickford, Louis (Latin American Research Review, 2000)
[This research note discusses an emerging subfield of inquiry in the study of democratization in Latin America: a focus on the relationships between past human rights abuses and democratization processes. It outlines four sets of questions emerging around the themes of "historical memory" and "legacies of authoritarian rule." The study then examines documentary collections of major human rights nongovernmental organizations (HRNGOs) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. The purpose of this endeavor is to provide researchers interested in studying the four issues with specific information on documents produced and currently held by the HRNGOs in the Southern Cone. The essay examines seven HRNGOs in Chile, ten in Argentina, and four in Uruguay, and ends with practical hints for researchers who wish to use these resources.]

ISAD(G): General international standard archival description; adopted by the Committee on Descriptive Standards, Stockholm, Sweden, 19-22 Sept. 1999 - International Council of Archives (ICA Standards, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Arresting Nazi spies in Vichy France (1940–42) - Kitson, Simon (Intelligence and National Security, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Challenge of Human Rights – CHARLES MALIK and the Universal Declaration - Malik, Habib C. (The Centre for Lebanese Studies and I B Tauris & Co Ltd, 2000)
Charles Malik of Lebanon was a key player at the UN in this historical drama that extracted a set of universal human rights out of the chaos of antagonistic ideologies and clashing world-views. This book contains a distillation of his writings, interventions and reflections on the making of the Universal Declaration, the contentious issues grappled with along the way, some of the personalities involved in the process, and the laborious stages of the process itself.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Osočení – Pravdivé příběhy lidí z "Cibulkova seznamu" - Salivarová-Škvorecká, Zdena (Nakladatelství Host, 2000)
Publicistika.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La nación tras el diluvio. Una perspectiva germano-oriental. - Schultz, Helga (Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea, 2000)
Helga Schultz reconsidera la RDA y su forma nacional desde un punto de vista germano-oriental. Entiende la RDA como un intento de construir una peculiar nación socialista alemana, pero laimposibilidad de alcanzar esta aspiración es examinada junto con la sorprendente división entre ambas partes de la nueva Alemania «unida» y la nueva eínicizaci¿n de los alemanes del Este. El articulo revisa también la «sociedad obrera» socialista, como producto del socialismo real.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; historia; historia contemporánea; historia de España; historia universal; revista

The right to restitution, compensation and rehabilitation for victims of gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms : - Bassiouni, M. Cherif (United Nations, 2000)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography - Maier, Charles S. (University of California Press, 2000)
The Rape of Nanjing was one of the worst atrocities committed during World War II. On December 13, 1937, the Japanese army captured the city of Nanjing, then the capital of wartime China. According to the International Military Tribunal, during the ensuing massacre 20,000 Chinese men of military age were killed and approximately 20,000 cases of rape occurred; in all, the total number of people killed in and around the city of Nanjing was about 200,000. This carefully researched, intelligent collection of original essays considers the post-World War II treatment in China of the Nanjing Massacre and Japan. The book examines how the issue has developed as a political and diplomatic controversy in the five decades since World War II.In his introduction, Joshua A. Fogel raises the significant moral and historiographical issues that frame the other essays. Mark Eykholt then provides an account of postwar Chinese responses to the massacre. Takashi Yoshida assesses the attempts to downplay the incident and its effects, providing a revealing analysis of Japanese debates over Japan's role in the world and the continuing ambivalence of many Japanese toward their defeat in World War II. In the concluding essay, Daqing Yang widens the scope of the discussion by comparing the Nanjing historiographic debates to similar debates in Germany over the nature of the Holocaust.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Establishment of a Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - Economic and Social Council Resolution 2000/22 - Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2000)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Political Forgiveness - Digeser, Peter (Cornell University Press, 2001)
What does forgiveness mean when it appears in politics, and what is its relationship to other ideas in political philosophy? In Political Forgiveness, P. E. Digeser defends a conception of forgiveness against those who are skeptical of its desirability as a political idea. While much of the previous work on forgiveness reflects theological or psychological perspectives, Digeser offers a concept of political forgiveness that is secular and public rather than religious or personal. It centers on the capacity of victims and creditors to release transgressors and debtors from their moral and financial debts. "If justice is a matter of receiving one's due", he says, "then political forgiveness entails releasing one's due". Nevertheless, political forgiveness remains connected to justice in important ways.Exploring the limits and possibilities of political forgiveness, Digeser considers not only its relationship to justice, but also such issues as who has authority to forgive, the connection between forgiveness and reconciliation, the meaning and scope of group responsibility, the idea of pardoning as a form of political forgiveness, and whether there is an obligation to forgive.
Keywords: Political Science / General; Political Science / History & Theory; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights: A Survey of Archival Sources in the United States and Canada - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)

Une drôle de justice : Les magistrats dans la guerre d'algerie - Thénault, Sylvie (La Découverte, 2001)
De 1954 à 1962, au nom de la lutte contre la " subversion " du FLN, au nom du rattachement de l'Algérie à la France qui interdisait d'y appliquer le droit de la guerre et de considérer les nationalistes comme des combattants, la justice et son personnel prirent une part active à la guerre d'Algérie : instruction des affaires, condamnations par milliers infligées par les tribunaux correctionnels et militaires, rappel de magistrats sous les drapeaux, etc. Les seules condamnations à mort atteignirent les 1 500, dont près de 200 furent exécutées. Dans ce livre passionnant et très documenté, Sylvie Thénault montre que cette insertion de la justice dans un vaste système de répression la priva de fait de son droit de regard sur les arrestations, les gardes à vue, les détentions et les interrogatoires pratiqués par l'armée. S'appuyant sur des archives jusque-là inaccessibles de l'Armée de terre - instructions, directives, fiches de renseignements, etc. - et du ministère de la justice, notamment la correspondance entre les procureurs généraux d'Algérie et la Chancellerie parisienne, elle met au jour une justice amputée et réformée par les législations d'exception. Une " drôle de justice ", à l'image de la " drôle de guerre ", cette guerre qui n'en était pas vraiment une. Il est temps, aujourd'hui, que ce passé proche entre dans l'Histoire. Pour les magistrats qui l'ont vécue, appelés à jouer un rôle inédit, confrontés au partage de compétence avec la justice militaire et à la torture, la période reste douloureuse. C'est pour l'aborder sereinement, sans juger ni céder aux injonctions d'un " devoir de mémoire " culpabilisant, que l'auteur a écrit ce livre.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Clarification Commission in Guatemala - Tomuschat, Christian (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Universalizing Human Rights: The Role of Small States in the Construction of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Waltz, Susan (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

The Past That Archives Keep: Memory, History, and the Preservation of Archival Records - Brothman, Brien (Archivaria, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Mielke-Konzern. Die Geschichte der Stasi 1945-1990 - Gieseke, Jens (DVA, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Truth of Truth Commissions: Comparative Lessons from Haiti, South Africa, and Guatemala - Chapman, Audrey; Ball, Patrick (Human Rights Quarterly, 2001)
This article identifies some of the complexities and factors shaping the efforts of truth commissions. It also evaluates the kinds of truths that truth commissions can most appropriately seek to determine. While truth commissions are often portrayed as generic bodies, they have very different approaches to the kind of "truth" they are seeking. Their official mandates, the perceptions and priorities of their commissioners and key staff, the methodological orientations utilized, and the level of resources available all shape the nature of their findings and the type of report they produce. In addition, decisions made by those working within a specific truth commission, sometimes without an understanding of their implications, often have important consequences for truth-finding. The analysis draws on the experience of the American Association for the Advancement of Science's (AAAS) Science and Human Rights Program in providing scientific and technical assistance to three recent truth commissions-the Haitian National Commission for Truth and Justice (CNVJ), the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (TRC), and the Commission for Historical Clarification (CEH) in Guatemala.

The Iraqi Secret Police Files: A Documentary Record of the Anfal Genocide - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2001)

Justice and Reconciliation: After the Violence - Rigby, Andrew (Lynne Rienner Pub, 2001)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Judging the Past in Unified Germany - McAdams, A. James (Cambridge University Press, 2001)
In recent years, no modern democracy has taken more aggressive steps to come to terms with a legacy of dictatorship than has the Federal Republic of Germany with the crimes and injustices of Communist East Germany. In this book, A. James McAdams provides a comprehensive and engaging examination of the four most prominent instances of this policy: criminal trials for the killings at the Berlin Wall; the disqualification of administrative personnel for secret-police ties; parliamentary truth-telling commissions; and private property restitution. On the basis of extensive interviews in Bonn and Berlin over the 1990s, McAdams gives new insight into the difficulties German politicians, judges, bureaucrats, and public officials faced sitting in judgment on the affairs of another state. He argues provocatively that the success of their policies must be measured in terms of the way they used East German history to justify their actions. In 1997, A. James McAdams was awarded the DAAD Prize for Distinguished Scholarship in German Studies. He is Professor and Chair of the Department of Government and International Studies at University of Notre Dame, in Notre Dame, Indiana. He is the author of East Germany and Détente (Cambridge University Press, 1985), Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification (Princeton University Press, 1992), and co-author of Rebirth: A Political History of Europe Since World War II (Westview Press, 1999). McAdams is also editor of Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law in New Democracies (University of Notre Dame Press, 1997).
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives - Ketelaar, Eric (Archival Science, 2001)
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian. Sociologists and anthropologists see "the archive" also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents, archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the meanings of archives.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies - Brito, Alexandra Barahona De; Enriquez, Carmen Gonzalez; Aguilar, Paloma (Oxford University Press, 2001)
One of the most important political and ethical issues faced during a political transition from authoritarian or totalitarian to democratic rule is how to deal with legacies of repression. This book explores the important aspect of transitional politics, assessing how Portugal, Spain, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Germany after reunification, Russia, the Southern Cone of Latin America and Central America, as well as South Africa, have confronted legacies of repression.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Romania: Bottom of the Heap - Judt, Tony (The New York Review, 2001)
The February 2000 issue of the Bucharest men's magazine Plai cu Boi features one Princess Brianna Caradja. Variously clad in leather or nothing much at
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Selected Themes in the Literature on Memory and Their Pertinence to Archives - Craig, Barbara L. (The American Archivist, 2002)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Silencios, contingencias y desafíos: el Archivo de la Vicaría de la Solidaridad en Chile. - Cruz, María Angélica (Los archivos de la represión: Documentos, memoria y verdad, 2002)

Virginity Testing in Turkey: A Violation of Women’s Human Rights - Lasco, Chanté (Human Rights Brief, 2002)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Directrices para proyectos de digitalización de colecciones y fondos de dominio público, en particular para aquellos custodiados en bibliotecas y archivos - Ministerio de Cultura (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 2002)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Recordkeeping, reconciliation and political reality - Piggott, Michael; McKemmish, Sue (Australian Society of Archivists Annual Conference, 2002)
Keywords: Uncategorized

DECLARATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND HUMAN DUTIES - Valencia, Fundacion; Milenio, Tercer (globalization.icaap.org, 2002)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Reflections on the Goal of Archival Appraisal in Democratic Societies - Eastwood, Terry (Archivaria, 2002)

Wokół Jedwabnego, t. 1 Studia - Machcewicz, Paweł; Persak, Krzysztof (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, 2002)
pod red. Pawła Machcewicza i Krzysztofa Persaka, t.1 Studia Publikacja Wokół Jedwabnego, przygotowana przez Biuro Edukacji Publicznej Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, prezentuje wyniki badań naukowych na...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Establishing Recognition of Past Injustices: Uses of Archival Records in Documenting the Experience of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War - Roberts-Moore, Judith (Archivaria, 2002)

Mechanisms complementing prosecution - Olson, Laura (Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross (IRRC), 2002)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives, records, and power: The making of modern memory - Schwartz, Joan M.; Cook, Terry (Archival Science, 2002)
This article serves as the general introduction by the guest editors to the first of two thematic issues of Archival Science that will explore the theme, "archives, records, and power." Archives as institutions and records as documents are generally seen by academic and other users, and by society generally, as passive resources to be .exploited for various historical and cultural purposes. Historians since the mid-nineteenth century, in pursuing the new scientific history, needed an archive that was a neutral repositories of facts. Until very recently, archivists obliged by extolling their own professional myth of impartiality, neutrality, and objectivity. Yet archives are established by the powerful to protect or enhance their position in society. Through archives, the past is controlled. Certain stories are privileged and others marginalized. And archivists are an integral part of this story-telling. In the design of record-keeping systems, in the appraisal and selection of a tiny fragment of all possible records to enter the archive, in approaches to subsequent and ever-changing description and preservation of the archive, and in its patterns of communication and use, archivists continually reshape, reinterpret, and reinvent the archive. This represents enormous power over memory and identity, over the fundamental ways in which society seeks evidence of what its core values are and have been, where it has come from, and where it is going. Archives, then, are not passive storehouses of old stuff', but active sites where social power is negotiated, contested, confirmed. The power of archives, records, and archivists should no longer remain naturalized or denied, but opened to vital debate and transparent accountability.
Keywords: Archival theory; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; archives and power relationships; identity formation; representation and reality; social memory

Lutter contre l'impunité. Dix questions pour comprendre et pour agir - Joinet, Louis (La Découverte, 2002)
Depuis les années 1990, il devient enfin envisageable de juger les responsables contemporains de violations massives des droits de l'homme : la pression des sociétés civiles a permis la création de tribunaux ad hoc (ex-Yougoslavie et Rwanda), la mise en place prochaine d'une Cour pénale internat...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Glendon, Mary Ann (Random House Publishing Group, 2002)
Unafraid to speak her mind and famously tenacious in her convictions, Eleanor Roosevelt was still mourning the death of FDR when she was asked by President Truman to lead a controversial commission, under the auspices of the newly formed United Nations, to forge the world’s first international bill of rights. A World Made New is the dramatic and inspiring story of the remarkable group of men and women from around the world who participated in this historic achievement and gave us the founding document of the modern human rights movement. Spurred on by the horrors of the Second World War and working against the clock in the brief window of hope between the armistice and the Cold War, they grappled together to articulate a new vision of the rights that every man and woman in every country around the world should share, regardless of their culture or religion.A landmark work of narrative history based in part on diaries and letters to which Mary Ann Glendon, an award-winning professor of law at Harvard University, was given exclusive access, A World Made New is the first book devoted to this crucial turning point in Eleanor Roosevelt’s life, and in world history.Finalist for the Robert F. Kennedy Book Award
Keywords: Biography & Autobiography / Political; History / United States / 20th Century; Political Science / Human Rights; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Stories and names: Archival description as narrating records and constructing meanings - Duff, Wendy M.; Harris, Verne (Archival Science, 2002)
The authors of this essay, coming from very different traditions and modes of archival discourse, explore together archival description as a field of archival thinking and practice. Their shared conviction is that records are always in the process of being made, and that the stories of their making are parts of bigger stories understandable only in the ever-changing broader contexts of society. The exploration begins with an interrogation of the traditional and ever-valid questions of the what and the why of archival description. Thereafter they offer a deconstruction of these questions and of the answers commonly proffered. In these sections of the essay their concern is with descriptive architecture, the analysis covering a number of specific architectures and including only oblique references to descriptive standardization. The concluding section attempts to draw out the implications of their analysis for endeavours - irrespective of the architectures being used - to define, and to justify, descriptive standards. Their call is not to dispense with standardization, but rather to create space for a liberatory approach which engages creatively the many dangers of standardization.

Politiques du pardon - Lefranc, Sandrine (Presses Universitaires France, 2002)
Dans de nombreuses démocraties ayant récemment succédé à des régimes autoritaires, bourreaux et victimes continuent de coexister. La haine est toujours présente malgré la mise en place de processus de "réconciliation" par les gouvernements actuels en Amérique du Sud comme en Afrique du Sud. Des réparations et l'établissement de la vérité sur les crimes commis devaient pallier l'absence de poursuites judiciaires, des lois d'amnistie devaient également représenter une première étape vers le pardon et la réconciliation. Faut-il pardonner aux agents d'un régime autoritaire qui ont torturé et fait disparaître des opposants par milliers ? Un pardon politique est-il possible ?Collection : La collection « Fondements de la politique », dirigée par Yves-Charles Zarka, Directeur de recherche au CNRS, accueille, dune part, des éditions de textes importants où les concepts fondamentaux de la politique peuvent être ressaisis dans leurs moments doctrinaux de formation, dinfléchissement ou de crise, dautre part, des travaux de recherche sur les auteurs ou les uvres de philosophie politique, enfin, des essais visant à renouveler la pensée politique contemporaine.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Montréal Principles on Women's Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (International Federation for Human Rights, 2002)
Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. The information has been carefully selected and compiled from UNHCR's global network of field offices, Governments, international, regional and non-governmental organizations, academic institutions and judicial bodies.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Shattered Past: Reconstructing German Histories - Jarausch, Konrad H.; Geyer, Michael (Princeton University Press, 2003)
Broken glass, twisted beams, piles of debris--these are the early memories of the children who grew up amidst the ruins of the Third Reich. More than five decades later, German youth inhabit manicured suburbs and stroll along prosperous pedestrian malls. Shattered Past is a bold reconsideration of the perplexing pattern of Germany's twentieth-century history. Konrad Jarausch and Michael Geyer explore the staggering gap between the country's role in the terrors of war and its subsequent success as a democracy. They argue that the collapse of Communism, national reunification, and the postmodern shift call for a new reading of the country's turbulent development, one that no longer suggests continuity but rupture and conflict. Comprising original essays, the book begins by reexamining the nationalist, socialist, and liberal master narratives that have dominated the presentation of German history but are now losing their hold. Treated next are major issues of recent debate that suggest how new kinds of German history might be written: annihilationist warfare, complicity with dictatorship, the taming of power, the impact of migration, the struggle over national identity, redefinitions of womanhood, and the development of consumption as well as popular culture. The concluding chapters reflect on the country's gradual transition from chaos to civility. This penetrating study will spark a fresh debate about the meaning of the German past during the last century. There is no single master narrative, no Weltgeist, to be discovered. But there is a fascinating story to be told in many different ways.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Teaching an Old Genre New Tricks: The Diary on the Internet - Mcneill, Laurie (Biography, 2003)
This article examines the diary's transformation from print culture practice to online phenomenon, considering the implications of this change for the diary as a literary genre and as life writing. This discussion explores the challenges the online diary represents to traditional concepts of the genre as private and monologic, investigating the ways in which online diarists attract readers, build communities, and create identities in cyberspace.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Presidential Materials: Politics and the Presidential Records Act - Montgomery, Bruce (The American Archivist, 2003)
President George W. Bush's Executive Order No. 13,233, issued on 1 November 2001, marked the latest attempt by the executive branch to circumvent or otherwise nullify the key provisions of the Presidential Records Act. Congress passed the Presidential Records Act in 1978 in the wake of the Watergate scandals to assure public ownership and control over presidential materials. Nonetheless, starting with the presidency of Ronald Reagan, who was the first president to be covered by the act, the executive branch has repeatedly attacked the statute through various regulatory schemes and overly broad claims of executive privilege. Indeed, with their historical reputations and legacies at stake, presidents have never fully accepted the concept of yielding control over their presidential materials. This article reviews the troubling history of the Presidential Records Act and the implications of the latest attempts to restrict access to presidential papers.

Responsabilidad de las empresas transnacionales y otras empresas comerciales en la esfera de los derechos humanos - United Nations (United Nations, 2003)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Violencia y Política en Colombia: Elementos de Reflexió… - Pécaut, Daniel (Hombre Nuevo Editores, 2003)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Este libro constituye una compilación de algunos de los trabajos producidos por el profesor Pé…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives and the Public Good: Accountability and Records in Modern Society - Cox, Richard J.; Wallace, David A. (Journal of Documentation, 2003)
Keywords: Accountability; Archives; Records management

Three Media Leaders convicted for Genocide - United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals, 2003)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Die Überlieferung der Diktaturen. Beiträge zum Umgang mit Archiven der Geheimpolizei in Polen und Deutschland nach 1989 - Beaupré, Nicolas; Dakowska, Dorota (Klartext Verlag, 2004)
Warum ist das Institut für Nationales Gedächtnis – IPN (das Pendant zur Gauck-Behörde) erst 1998 gegründet worden? Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen dem Verlauf der politischen Wende in Deutschland bzw. in Polen, der Entscheidung über die
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Accountability, History, and Archives: Conflicting Priorities or Synthesized Strands? - Dirks, John M. (Archivaria, 2004)

The Ford Foundation's Support For Human Rights Archives. - Divack, Alan (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)

Overcoming the apartheid legacy: the special case of the Freedom Charter - Dominy, Graham (Archival Science, 2004)

Los Archivos de la Represión: Balance y Perspectivas - González Quintana, Antonio (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)

Archive und Demokratie in der Informationsgesellschaft - Graf, Christoph (Studien und Quellen, Etudes et Sources, 2004)

Les archives: la mémoire au coeur de la société démocratique - Janssens, Gustaaf (Pliegos de Yuste: Revista de Cultura y Pensamiento Europeos, 2004)

"Taking sides": National Archives and the defence of Human rights in a multicultural society. - Nishiguchi, Gabrielle (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)

Prosecution and resistance, compensation and reconcilitation – two repressive systems in a country: the case of German archives - Oldenhage, Klaus (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)

Truth and the records of truth commissions - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (Studien und Quellen, Etudes et Sources, 2004)

Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? - Rose, Caroline (Routledge, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Strafverfahren wegen MfS-Unrechts : die Strafprozesse bundesdeutscher Gerichte gegen ehemalige Mitarbeiter des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR - Schißau, Roland (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archivos y Organizaciones de Defensa de los Derechos Humanos en Argentina. - Tappatá de Valdez, Patricia (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2004)

Liberation, reconciliation and the importance of the record - Tutu, Desmond (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)

Les archives du Comité international de la croix-rouge comme source de reconstruction de l'identité des victims. - Willemin, Georges (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2004)

A nation shamed - Jeffries, Stuart (The Guardian, 2004)
Why does France keep making films that glorify the Resistance and gloss over the truth about collaboration? By Stuart Jeffries.
Keywords: Culture; Film; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Rule of Law in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Glendon, Mary Ann (Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights, 2004)
Our abiding commitment to the rule of law is the very bedrock of our civilization. It is what makes all else possible, from the flowering of the arts to the steady advance of the sciences. The idea that men must govern themselves not by the arbitrary commands of a ruler but by their own considered judgment, is the means whereby chaos is replaced by order. Balanced by the peaceful resolution of differences, the rule of law and the institutions of representative democracy are what stand between civilization and barbarism. It is through law-governed liberty that mankind has been able to achieve so much.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

French Senate backs headscarf ban - BBC News (BBC News, 2004)
The upper house of the French parliament approves a bill banning Islamic headscarves in state schools.
Keywords: BBC; BBC News; British; Foreign; International; News; News online; Online; References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights; Service; Uk; World

The Ethics of Memory - Margalit, Avishai (Harvard University Press, 2004)
Much of the intense current interest in collective memory concerns the politics of memory. In a book that asks, "Is there an ethics of memory?" Avishai Margalit addresses a separate, perhaps more pressing, set of concerns. The idea he pursues is that the past, connecting people to each other, makes possible the kinds of "thick" relations we can call truly ethical. Thick relations, he argues, are those that we have with family and friends, lovers and neighbors, our tribe and our nation--and they are all dependent on shared memories. But we also have "thin" relations with total strangers, people with whom we have nothing in common except our common humanity. A central idea of the ethics of memory is that when radical evil attacks our shared humanity, we ought as human beings to remember the victims. Margalit's work offers a philosophy for our time, when, in the wake of overwhelming atrocities, memory can seem more crippling than liberating, a force more for revenge than for reconciliation. Morally powerful, deeply learned, and elegantly written, The Ethics of Memory draws on the resources of millennia of Western philosophy and religion to provide us with healing ideas that will engage all of us who care about the nature of our relations to others.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

General Comment No. 31 [80] The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant Adopted on 29 March 2004 (2187th meeting) - United Nations Human Rights Committee (United Nations, 2004)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Les archives contre l'oubli, par Perrine Canavaggio et Louis Joinet - Le Monde (Le Monde.fr, 2004)
Redécouvrir l'histoire tragique d'un peuple, préserver les preuves qui permettront un jour que passe la justice.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Fact-Finding by Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations: Challenges,Strategies, and the Shaping of Archival Evidence - Montgomery, Bruce P. (Archivaria, 2004)

Archives and Historical Accountability: Toward a Moral Theology of Archives - O'Toole, James (Archivaria, 2004)

The rule of law and transitional justice in conflict and post-conflict societies : - United Nations (United Nations, 2004)
DAA Highlights key issues and lessons learned from the Organization's experiences in the promotion of justice and the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies. Provides details on i) strengthening the rule of law and transitional justice in the wake of conflict; ii) articulating a common language of justice for UN; iii) basing assistance on international norms and standards; iv) identifying the role of UN peace operations; v) assessing national needs and capacities; vi) supporting domestic reform constituencies; vii) recognizing the political context; viii) embracing integrated and complementary approaches; ix) filling a rule of law vacuum; x) developing national justice systems; xi) learning lessons from the ad hoc criminal tribunals; xii) supporting the role of the International Criminal Court; xiii) facilitating truth telling; xiv) vetting the public service; xv) delivering reparations; xvi) coordinating our efforts; and xvii) building our roster of experts. Also includes recommendations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Post‐totalitarian national identity: public memory in Germany and Russia - Forest, Benjamin; Johnson, Juliet; Till, Karen (Social & Cultural Geography, 2004)
Through a comparative analysis of Germany and Russia, this paper explores how participation in the memorialization process affects and reflects national identity formation in post‐totalitarian societies. These post‐totalitarian societies face the common problem of re‐presenting their national character as civic and democratic, in great part because their national identities were closely bound to oppressive regimes. Through a comparison of three memorial sites—Sachsenhausen concentration camp memorial in Germany, and Lubianka Square and the Park of Arts in Russia—we argue that even where dramatic reductions in state power and the opening of civil society have occurred, a simple elite–public dichotomy cannot adequately capture the nature of participation in the process of memory re‐formation. Rather, mutual interactions among multiple publics and elites, differing in kind and intensity across contexts, combine to form a complex pastiche of public memory that both interprets a nation's past and suggests desirable models for its future. The domination of a ‘Western’ style of memorialization in former East Germany illustrates how even relatively open debates can lead to the exclusion of certain representations of the nation. Nonetheless, Germany has had comparatively vigorous public debates about memorializing its totalitarian periods. In contrast, Russian elite groups have typically circumvented or manipulated participation in the memorialization process, reflecting both a reluctance to deal with Russia's totalitarian past and a emerging national identity less civic and democratic than in Germany.
Keywords: Germany; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Russia; monuments and memorials; politics of memory; public memory

'We must remember our past so that we do not repeat it' - Forde, Helen (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2004)
The theme of the 2003 CITRA conference concentrated on archives and human rights and the problems associated with the status, use and collection of such archives. It provided a global view of large-scale denial of human rights, and gave insight into different views and perceptions. In the UK the issue is less the mass denial of human rights, more the recurrent denial to individuals. How does the UK measure up in terms of trying to prevent the abuse of such rights? Will the implementation of the Freedom of Information Act make a difference? Raising awareness is a first step, but more action is needed in order to avoid any repetition of past failures.

Memoria en construcción: el debate sobre la ESMA - Brodsky, Marcelo (La Marca editora, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Les archives des ONG: une mémoire à partager. Guide pratique en 60 questions - Conseil International Des Archives (Conseil International Des Archives, 2005)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

El testimonio en una memoria a ciudadana: el informe Nunca Más - Crenzel, Emilio (Estudios: Centro d Estudios Avanzados, 2005)
En este articulo se desarrollará una descripción y análisis delpapel y el lugar que asumen los testimonios que reproduce el informe Nunca Más elaborado por la Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas en 1984 en torno a las desapariciones.Se intentará describir y analizar su contenido y forma, el tono deestas voces, las intervenciones que realiza la CONADEP sobre los mismos y las continuidades y rupturas que presentan con respecto al lugar que ocuparon en los discursos previos acerca de la desaparición de personas.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Chapter 2 - Archival institutions - Cunningham, Adrian (Archives: Recordkeeping in Society Topics in Australasian Library and Information Studies, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los orígenes del Partido del Socialismo Democrático (1989-1993): el ave fénix roja en Alemania - de la Guardia, Ricardo Martín (Ayer, 2005)
El Partido del Socialismo Democrático (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus), surgido de la descomposición interna del SED (Sozialistiscbe Einbeitspartei Deutschlands), es un caso relevante de adaptación de los partidos únicos en los regímenes comunistas a la democracia plurípar-tidista. Dadas las peculiaridades de la transición en la República Democrática de Alemania, acelerada por su rápida integración en la República Federal, el SED no tuvo la oportunidad de transformarse en una organización socialdemócrata como en la mayoría de los países del Este, pues ya existían el SPD y, a su izquierda, los Verdes. Este hecho explica la importancia histórica de seguirlo en sus primeros pasos para analizar las dificultades de pervivencia de la estructura del partido único y explicar de esta manera su inserción en el sistema de partidos alemán posterior a la Reunificación. Resulting from the decay of the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands), the Party of Democratic Socialism or PDS (Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus) typifies the adaptation of Eastern and Central European Communist state parties into multiparty democracy. Given the peculiarities of the GDR's political transition— a process which was accelerated by its rapid integration into the Federal Republic—, the SED had no chance to develop into a Social Democratic party as that political space was already occupied by the SPD and, further left, the Greens. Hence the importance of tracing the origins of the PDS, that is, the old party structure's struggle for survival and its inclusion in the post-unification German party system.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Volkserhebung gegen den SED-Staat: eine Bestandsaufnahme zum 17. Juni 1953 - Engelmann, Roger; Kowalczuk, Ilko-Sascha (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005)
Der Aufstand vom 17. Juni 1953 ist eines der Schlüsselereignisse in der deutsch-deutschen Geschichte. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes berichten über den Verlauf des Aufstands und stellen die Bezüge zum kommunistischen Machtbereich her. Die Vorgänge im Repressionsapparat, die Gefangenenbefreiungen am 17. Juni, die Entwicklung der Strafpraxis sowie der Ausbau des repressiven Instrumentariums nach der Erhebung bilden einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Bandes. Abschließende Beiträge betrachten das 'doppelte' Juni-Trauma der Machthaber und der Opposition, die intellektuelle Bewältigung des Geschehens, die Stellung des 17. Juni im nationalen Gedächtnis der alten Bundesrepublik und das Verhältnis von Juni-Aufstand und friedlicher Revolution 1989.
Keywords: History / General; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Open Memory: Using inter-institutional cooperation to facilitate access to human rights. - Ferrari, Damian (New Tactics Project of the Center for Victims and Torture., 2005)

Access to archives - A handbook of guidelines for implementation of Recommendation No R(2000)13 on a European policy on access to archives - Kecskeméti, Charles; Székely, Iván (Council of Europe, 2005)
In the early 1990s, when Europe ceased to be divided in opposing political blocs, the Council of Europe concluded that access to archives was one of the key issues to be addressed in. order to fortify democracy throughout the continent. Intensive, in-depth preparation led to the drafting of Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Policy on Access to Archives, the first intergovernmental standard in this field.The recommendation is motivated by the ethical conviction that knowledge of the past constitutes a human right and that in a democracy citizens are entitled to access to an unbiased presentation of their history based on authentic sources preserved in archives.This handbook explains the principles that should govern access policy and practice in the 21st century, summarises the main findings of a pan-European survey on the situation regarding access to archives and formulates a set of guidelines for the implementation of the recommendation intended for civil servants and decision makers, archival authorities and archivists, the scholarly community and civil organizations.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

A handbook of the communist security apparatus in East Central Europe 1944-1989 - Persak, Krzysztof; Kamiński, Łukasz (Institute of National Remembrance, 2005)
Keywords: Communism; Europe, Central; Europe, Eastern; History; Internal security; Political persecution; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Secret service; Soviet Union

Katyn and the Soviet Massacre of 1940: Truth, Justice and Memory - Sanford, George (Routledge, 2005)
The Soviet massacre of Polish prisoners of war at Katyn and in other camps in 1940 was one of the most notorious incidents of the Second World War. The truth about the massacres was long suppressed, both by the Soviet Union, and also by the United States and Britain who wished to hold together their wartime alliance with the Soviet Union. This informative book examines the details of this often overlooked event, shedding light on what took place especially in relation to the massacres at l
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Oral History as a Mechanism for Dealing with the Past. - Toma, Marijana (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2005)

PROMOVENDO A JUSTIÇA TRANSICIONAL EM SOCIEDADES PÓS-CONFLITO - van Zyl, Paul (Revista de Anistia Política e Justiça de Transição, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Promotion and Protection of Human Rights - Orentlicher, Diane (United Nations - Economic and Social Council, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Genocidal Archives: The African Context—Genocide in Rwanda - Adami, Tom A.; Hunt, Martha (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2005)
When looking at international criminal justice archival theory and practice, it is difficult to find many examples. There are the two current ad-hoc international criminal tribunals dealing with the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR) in The Hague, Netherlands and Arusha, Tanzania, respectively. Prior to 1993 one has to go back to the late 1940's and the Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes Trials. This article asks whether there is such a thing as international criminal justice archival theory and details several of the unique aspects of record-keeping practice in an international organisation that deals with genocide and other crimes against humanity. Much valuable and innovative work has been carried out by the staff of the records and archives unit of ICTR since 1998 and the continuation of these approaches will be vital to future similar organisations. In light of current developments to deal with the former Iraqi regime in a hybrid internatioinal and/or domestic Iraqi court, valuable lessons can be learnt from the experience of the ICTY and the ICTR.

Human Rights Resolution 2005/66: Right to the Truth - Commission on Human Rights (United Nations, 2005)
Adopted without a vote. See chap. XVII, E/CN.4/2005/L.10/Add.17
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Le droit à la vérité - Résolution de la Commission des droits de l’homme 2005/66 - Nations Unies (Nations Unies, 2005)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

The Condor Years: How Pinochet And His Allies Brought Terrorism To Three Continents - Dinges, John (The New Press, 2005)
A compelling and shocking account? of a brutal campaign of repression in Latin America, based on interviews and previously secret documents (The Miami Herald).   Throughout the 1970s, six Latin American governments, led by Chile, formed a military alliance called Operation Condor to carry out kidnappings, torture, and political assassinations across three continents. It was an early ?war on terror? initially encouraged by the CIA?which later backfired on the United States.   Hailed by Foreign Affairs as ?remarkable? and ?a major contribution to the historical record,? The Condor Years uncovers the unsettling facts about the secret US relationship with the dictators who created this terrorist organization. Written by award-winning journalist John Dinges and updated to include later developments in the prosecution of Pinochet, the book is a chilling yet dispassionately told history of one of Latin America?s darkest eras. Dinges, himself interrogated in a Chilean torture camp, interviewed participants on both sides and examined thousands of previously secret documents to take the reader inside this underground world of military operatives and diplomats, right-wing spies and left-wing revolutionaries.   ?Scrupulous, well-documented.? ?The Washington Post   ?Nobody knows what went wrong inside Chile like John Dinges.? ?Seymour Hersh
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Essays in Understanding, 1930-1954: Formation, Exile, and Totalitarianism - Arendt, Hannah (Schocken, 2005)
Few thinkers have addressed the political horrors and ethical complexities of the twentieth century with the insight and passionate intellectual integrity of Hannah Arendt. She was irresistible drawn to the activity of understanding, in an effort to endow historic, political, and cultural events with meaning. Essays in Understanding assembles many of Arendt’s writings from the 1930s, 1940s, and into the 1950s. Included here are illuminating discussions of St. Augustine, existentialism, Kafka, and Kierkegaard: relatively early examinations of Nazism, responsibility and guilt, and the place of religion in the modern world: and her later investigations into the nature of totalitarianism that Arendt set down after The Origins of Totalitarianism was published in 1951. The body of work gathered in this volume gives us a remarkable portrait of Arendt’s developments as a thinker—and confirms why her ideas and judgments remain as provocative and seminal today as they were when she first set them down.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS Housing and property restitution in the context of the return of refugees and internally displaced persons - Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio (United Nations, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Days of Worship and Days of Rest: A View from Israel - Gavison, Ruth (Heidelberg, 2005)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

La Guerre d'Algérie : une histoire apaisée ? - Branche, Raphaëlle (Seuil, 2005)
Guerre d'Algérie ici, guerre de libération nationale là-bas, quelle que soit la manière dont on le nomme, ce conflit a été, dès son origine, l'objet d'interprétations divergentes. Des hommes politiques construisaient la guerre par les mots quand d'autres la niaient. Les sociétés algérienne et française ont hérité de ces affrontements. Depuis 1962, les historiens ont dû travailler au milieu des affects, des tensions et des désirs contradictoires exprimés à l'égard de ce passé complexe et sensible. L'analyse des cinquante années écoulées depuis le déclenchement de l'insurrection fait également ressortir le poids du politique sur les conditions d'écriture de l'histoire, qu'il s'agisse de contrôler le récit sur le passé, de le surveiller, de l'interdire mais aussi de l'encourager ou de le faciliter. Ainsi, l'accès aux archives demeure, encore aujourd'hui, une question cruciale de part et d'autre de la Méditerranée. L'étude de l'historiographie française et étrangère révèle pourtant que la recherche avance. Mais un constat s'impose aussi : les voies pour une histoire sereine de la guerre ne se dégagent que lentement.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Refworld | Families Torn Apart: The High Cost of U.S. and Cuban Travel Restrictions - Human Rights Watch (Refworld, 2005)
This 69-page report shows how the travel policies of both countries infringe upon the internationally recognized right to freedom of movement, which includes the right to leave and return to one's own country. In the case of parents and children forced to reside in different countries, the policies also violate the international prohibition on the involuntary separation of families.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Japanese Apologies for World War II: A Rhetorical Study: A Rhetorical Study - Yamazaki, Jane (Routledge, 2005)
Post-war Japan offers a compelling case study of national apologies for past wrongdoings. Actions of the Japanese Army and government during the Second World War caused enormous suffering and distress throughout Asia, leaving a legacy of resentment and distrust. Beginning in the mid-1980s, apology for wartime actions became a recurring issue for Japan. Repeated calls for apology from various quarters as well as repeated apologies by Japanese officials provide a rich source for the study of national apology and how public apology discourse develops over time. Unlike most rhetorical studies that focus on apologia in the broad sense, this study concentrates on the strategy of the ‘true apology.’ The study combines rhetorical, sociological and historical approaches to address multiple examples of Japanese apology during the period 1984 to 1995. The author suggests that motive is more complex than the ‘image restoration’ theory that is prevalent in rhetorical theory. More specifically, this study emphasizes repair of relationships, self-reflection leading to a ‘new’ improved identity and affirmation of moral principle as reasons for apology.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Pinheiro Principles: United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons - Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, 2005)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Los archivos españoles en el siglo XX: políticas archivísticas y producción bibliográfica - Alonso, Vicenta Cortés; Gómez, Pedro López; Quintana, Antonio González (ANABAD, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Freedom of Information Around the World 2006: A Global Survey of Access to Government Information Laws - Banisar, David (Privacy International, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Matériaux pour l’histoire de notre temps 2006/1, no.81 - L’Argentine de Perón à Kirchner 1973-2003 - La contemporaine (Bibliotheque de Documentation Contemporaine, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Deaths in Wars and Conflicts in the 20th Century - Leitenberg, Milton (Cornell University, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Légitimité et Légalité. Considérations (sur la Loi et la Justice) à l’image de deux grands procès politiques - Mateva, Milena (Université de Neuchâtel, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archivos y Derechos Humanos: los documentos de la CVR - Mendoza, Navarro; A´lda, Luz (Centro estratégico para el Desarrollo Empresarial, serie archivística, 2006)

Rule-of-Law Tools for Post-Conflict States: Prosecution Initiatives - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Transformation: the Czech experience - People in Need (Organization) (People in Need, 2006)
Keywords: 1989-1992; 1993-; Czech Republic; Czechoslovakia; Democratization; Economic policy; Politics and government; Post-communism; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives, Truth, and Reconciliation - Sachs, Albie (Archivaria, 2006)
This lecture by Justice Albie Sachs of the South African Constitutional Court recounts his “archive fever.” Archivaria asked Verne Harris of the Nelson Mandela Foundation to prepare a short introduction. RÉSUMÉCet exposé du juge Albie Sachs de la Cour constitutionnelle de l’Afrique du Sud (South African Constitutional Court) évoque sa « fièvre des archives ». Archivaria a demandé à Verne Harris de la Fondation Nelson Mandela de préparer une brève introduction.

La "cultura de la memoria": problemas y reflexiones - Waldman, Gilda M. (Política y cultura, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La "cultura de la memoria": problemas y reflexiones - Waldman M., Gilda (Política y cultura, 2006)
El artículo plantea que la emergencia de la memoria como preocupación cultural y política central de nuestras sociedades contemporáneas es un fenómeno mundial que atraviesa los más diversos espacios geográficos. El texto esboza algunas explicaciones sobre el por qué de esta intensa "obsesión memorialística", señalando, al mismo tiempo, algunas de sus paradojas. El artículo analiza, asimismo, cómo se produce la apertura de la memoria relativa al pasado reciente en algunos países de Europa y en algunos otros del Cono Sur después de la experiencia de las dictaduras militares, para centrarse a continuación en la "batalla de las memorias" en México, en relación al tema de los movimientos político–armados, algunos de décadas en estos casos.

Study on the Right to the Truth, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights - Commission on Human Rights (2006)
Sixty-second session Item 17 of the provisional agenda
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

German Reparations to the Jews after World War II: A Turning Point in the History of Reparations - Colonomos, Ariel; Armstrong, Andrea (The Handbook of Reparations, 2006)
The post-world war II German-Israeli reparations program is the largest, most comprehensive reparations program ever implemented. Traditionally, reparations were supported by the vanquished and were designed to compensate the victor for the damages caused during the war. The Wiedergutmachung (literally “making the good again”) program as it is called in Germany, or Shilumim (the payments) as Israelis usually prefer to refer to it, innovates in many areas and goes beyond this interstate framework. Jewish leaders participated in the Luxembourg negotiations that led to the signature of the 1952 treaty, and community networks played a crucial role in the distribution of the money to the victims. Civil society groups played an instrumental role in the United States as plans for reparations were being discussed during the war. Neither the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) nor Israel existed during the war. Reparations have been paid to the state of Israel and were paid to Jewish Holocaust survivors regardless of their nationality. The FRG benefited politically and economically from this treaty. It was able to enter the international arena and establish diplomatic relations with Israel, whose economy greatly benefited from the money it received.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2005 - Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law - United Nations (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz: Kommentar - Geiger, Hansjörg; Klinghardt, Heinz; Burth, Josephine; Budsinowski, Martin; Pietrkiewicz, Jörg; Rapp-Lücke, Juliane (Kohlhammer, 2006)
Das Stasi-Unterlagen-Gesetz, welches in den zurückliegenden Jahren verschiedentlich geändert wurde, steht weiterhin in öffentlichem Interesse und Diskussion. Die Neubearbeitung des Kommentars bringt das Praxiswissen zum StUG unter Beachtung der Rechtsprechung auf den aktuellen Stand. Neben der praxisnahen und allgemein verständlichen Kommentierung der Einzelvorschriften des Gesetzes enthält die Neuauflage einen einleitenden Überblick über Aufbau, Aufgaben und Methoden des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Professional ethics and practice in archives and records management in a human rights context - Cook, Michael (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
This article contains a survey of ethical codes adopted by the Archives and Records Management (ARM) professional associations in Anglophone areas in the 1990s and notes that such codes are in effect standards to set beside other standards. The Museums Association code of ethics is compared, because it is aimed at institutions and not at individual professionals. It can be observed that institutional aims contain a strong ethical component. This is backed by procedural standards and guidelines required by new legislation in the UK (notably Freedom of Information and Data Protection). ARM professionals are faced with growing tensions in the interfaces between them and creators of records, owners of records, users and data subjects. Ethical decisions are constantly being demanded in all these areas. There is then a review of ARM responses to the human rights movement internationally, ranging from the ethical code proposed by the Quintana Report (1997), through subsequent discussions at CITRA, the Vienna Congress of the International Council on Archives (2004) and the University of Liverpool conference on archives and political pressures (2003). The article concludes by proposing that codes of ethics should be extended to direct the work of institutions as well as of individuals, that ethical principles embedded in procedural standards and guidelines should be recognised and codified, and that human rights issues should be explicitly recognised in ARM services through mission and policy statements.

Archives as Spaces of Memory - Ketelaar, Eric (Journal of the Society of Archivists, 2006)
The first part of this paper deals with truth, justice, memory and the role of archives. The record speaks with multiple voices through many intermediaries. Those intermediaries are the subject of the second part of the paper addressing the issue of connecting people's stories with public archives, using technologies for social navigation and ubiquitous computing which can transform archives into social spaces of memory.
Keywords: From the Forerunners of Document Collection to the Trial of Klaus Barbie and beyond

La Ligue tunisienne des droits de l'homme interdite de tenir son congrès par la police - Beaugé, Par Florence (Le Monde.fr, 2006)
Des incidents se sont produits, samedi, devant le siège de la Ligue, interdite d'accès aux militants, aux observateurs internationaux et aux journalistes.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 - Judt, Tony (Penguin Books, 2006)
Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize • Winner of the Council on Foreign Relations Arthur Ross Book Award • One of the New York Times' Ten Best Books of the Year“Impressive . . . Mr. Judt writes with enormous authority.” —The Wall Street Journal“Magisterial . . . It is, without a doubt, the most comprehensive, authoritative, and yes, readable postwar history.” —The Boston GlobeAlmost a decade in the making, this much-anticipated grand history of postwar Europe from one of the world's most esteemed historians and intellectuals is a singular achievement. Postwar is the first modern history that covers all of Europe, both east and west, drawing on research in six languages to sweep readers through thirty-four nations and sixty years of political and cultural change-all in one integrated, enthralling narrative. Both intellectually ambitious and compelling to read, thrilling in its scope and delightful in its small details, Postwar is a rare joy. Judt's book, Ill Fares the Land, republished in 2021 featuring a new preface by bestselling author of Between the World and Me and The Water Dancer, Ta-Nehisi Coates.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Touchstones: Considering the Relationship between Memory and Archives - Millar, Laura (Archivaria, 2006)
This paper considers the relationship between memory and archives by exploring the concepts of individual and collective memory and by examining the processes involved with creating, capturing, storing, and retrieving memories. The author considers the metaphor of archives as memory and relates our perception of memory to our understanding of the creation, preservation, and use of records and archives. She demonstrates that individual and collective memory represent only a fragment of life events and she reflects on the emotional, temporal, and political realities that affect what we remember and how. She concludes that records and archives are not in themselves “memories” but only touchstones upon which memories may be retrieved, preserved, and articulated. RÉSUMÉCe texte examine le lien entre la mémoire et les archives en explorant les concepts de la mémoire individuelle et collective et en analysant les processus associés à la création, la saisie, la sauvegarde et le repérage des souvenirs. L’auteure sonde la métaphore des archives comme mémoire, puis elle lie notre perception de la mémoire à une connaissance de la création, de la préservation et de l’usage des documents et des archives. Elle montre que la mémoire individuelle et collective ne représente qu’un fragment des événements d’une vie donnée et elle considère les réalités émotives, temporelles et politiques qui influent sur ce dont on se souvient et comment l’on y parvient. Elle conclue que les documents et les archives ne sont pas d’euxmêmes des « souvenirs », mais qu’ils sont plutôt des balises sur lesquels l’on peut retrouver, préserver et articuler des souvenirs.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Postguerra: Una historia de Europa desde 1945 - Judt, Tony (Taurus, 2006)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Access, the democratic imperative - Ketelaar, Eric (Archives and Manuscripts, 2006)
Informit is an online service offering a wide range of database and full content publication products that deliver the vast majority of Australasian scholarly research to the education, research and business sectors. Informit encompasses online products: Informit Indexes, Informit Plus Text and Informit Collections.

Human Rights Council. Decision 2/105. Right to the Truth - Commission on Human Rights (United Nations, 2006)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - United Nations (OHCHR, 2006)
Entry into force: 3 May 2008, in accordance with article 45(1). Preamble (a) Recalling the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations which recognize the inherent dignity and worth and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Transition politique, histoire et mémoire : réflexions sur l’experience de la commission marocaine pour la vérité - El Yazami, Driss (Gazette des archives, 2007)
L’Instance Equité et Réconciliation (IER) a relayé et amplifié un travail de mémoire qui avait été engagé par la société marocaine depuis des années. L’auteur, ancien membre de l’IER, présente les nombreuses questions auxquelles s’est trouvée confrontée cette instance, chargée à la fois d’établir la vérité sur les violations des droits de l’Homme intervenues au Maroc pendant près d’un demi-siècle, d’en expliquer le contexte et d’en préserver la mémoire : question des témoignages oraux, de leur confrontation à d’autres sources, de la préservation des archives publiques et privées et surtout des relations entre mémoire et histoire. Les membres de l’IER ont refusé de donner une version définitive de l’histoire du Maroc indépendant et ont préconisé la mise en oeuvre d’une véritable politique publique de développement des archives, et de soutien à la recherche scientifique et à l’enseignement de l’histoire du temps présent. L’auteur plaide pour la poursuite du travail pédagogique et civique engagé par l’IER, afin de donner au grand public une conscience historique du passé, et de fonder leur sentiment de citoyenneté.

Die herbeigeschriebene "Legitimationskrise" Anatomie einer Kampagne gegen die Stasi-Unterlagen-Behörde - Engelmann, Roger (Deutschland Archiv, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La política archivística del Gobierno español y la ausencia de gestión del pasado desde el comienzo de la transición - González Quintana, Antonio (Hispania Nova. Revista de Historia Contemporánea, 2007)
Most of political parties represented at the Spanish Parliament agreed, after Franco’s death, not to face the recent past. From the beginning of the Spanish political transition has existed neither a policy of memory nor a real archival policy regarding that subject. The management of the records produced by D.N.S.D. (National Delegation of Documentary Services, the information agency of Franco regime in Salamanca), was only focused on improving historical researches. The archives of military courts, used for massive civilian repression in ther forties, thirty years after continue being the biggest gap in Spanish archival legislation. No measures have been adopted to provide accountability about Human Rights violations or to facilitate the spreading of compensations for victims of repression.

Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post-autoritaires - González Quintana, Antonio (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post autoritaires ; Le rapport sur les archives des anciens régimes répressifs, préparé pour l’UNESCO et le Conseil International des Archives en 1996, a souligné l’importance cruciale de la conservation de ces documents puisqu’ils servent autant à la défense des personnes affectées par ces régimes qu’à la consolidation de la démocratie et à la reconstruction de la cohésion sociale. Comme la conservation des archives de la répression conditionne l’exercice de toute une série de droits collectifs et individuels, les nouvelles autorités démocratiques doivent adopter une législation adéquate. La loi doit considérer ces archives comme des biens culturels, en assurer la protection et en fixer les conditions d’accès. Compte tenu des risques de politisation de ces documents, il est indispensable que les archivistes en charge des archives de la répression adoptent un code de déontologie qui affirme le caractère patrimonial de ces archives et l’obligation pour les archivistes d’en préserver l’intégrité.

Act 52 of 2007 - Medical care availability and reduction of error (MCARE) act. Chapter 4. Health care-associated infections - health.pa.gov (2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Un précieux gâchis : les archives du procès Milosevic - Hubrecht, Joël (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Alors qu’il touchait à sa fin, le procès de l’ex-président serbe devant le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY) a été interrompu par la mort de l’accusé, privant victimes et juges du verdict final. En l’absence de dénouement judiciaire, les archives du procès revêtent donc une importance particulière. L’auteur en décrit la composition, la conservation et l’exploitation et il s’interroge sur l’impact qu’on peut en attendre dans la construction de la mémoire collective et dans la transition démocratique des sociétés concernées par ses crimes. Il explique que l’enjeu n’est pas seulement la sauvegarde de la mémoire des années 90 mais celle de tous les conflits qu’a connus la région des Balkans au XXème siècle. Cette réappropriation globale de la mémoire est d’autant plus nécessaire que les générations n’ont connu qu’une histoire nationale réécrite et que le rapport à la «vérité des faits » est profondément altéré. C’est pourquoi il est crucial de développer une politique de conservation et d’exploitation des archives du TPIY qui soit suffisamment exemplaire pour restaurer cette confiance perdue. C’est aux juristes et aux historiens qu’il appartient d’exploiter et de valoriser au mieux le fonds d’archives de ce procès inachevé, afin de montrer que ce qui pourrait apparaître comme un gâchis est en réalité un bien très précieux.

Droit des archives et droits de l’homme - Kabanda, Marcel (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Devant l’impossibilité de reconstituer par les archives écrites la réalité des crimes commis au Rwanda, l’auteur souligne l’importance des témoignages oraux, seuls à faire apparaître le rôle du gouvernement intérimaire dans l’incitation des populations civiles à commettre un génocide. Il met en garde contre les effets pervers de la chasse aux documents lancée après les massacres, hors de tout contrôle et sans assurance de préservation, par de multiples acteurs désireux de mobiliser l’opinion publique. Quant aux professionnels des archives, ils sont soumis à la pression croissante de nouveaux usagers, victimes et défenseurs des droits de l’Homme, et journalistes. Il leur faut des moyens supplémentaires mais aussi un nouveau droit qui adapte les règles de consultation des archives aux exigences de ces différents publics, en assurant un équilibre entre l’exigence de savoir et la protection des sources, et en préservant les intérêts de la recherche historique. L’auteur suggère aussi des actions de sensibilisation à la notion d’archives, notamment en partenariat avec les systèmes éducatifs, comme cela est déjà le cas pour les droits de l’Homme.

Archivos y Derechos Humanos en Argentina - Karababikian, Graciela (Bolétin del Archivo General de la Nación, 2007)

Die Strafverfolgung von DDR-Unrecht: Fakten und Zahlen - Marxen, Klaus; Werle, Gerhard; Schäfter, Petra (Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La construction du récit de la mémoire collective avec la contribution du savoir de l’historien - Neirinck, Danièle (Gazette des archives, 2007)

Prawdy jak chleba - Niezabitowska, Małgorzata (Prószyński, 2007)
Procesowy thriller, powieść kryminalna, poradnik jak radzić sobie w sytuacjach ekstremalnych, historia przygodowa stanu wojennego, opowieść o miłości i przyjaźni - książka Małgorzaty Niezabitowskiej ł...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité - Pantz, Sylvie (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité ; Après avoir travaillé au Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie pendant quatre ans, de 1996 à 1999, l’auteur est retournée à La Haye préparer son intervention. Elle porte un regard neuf sur le TPIY qu’elle avait quitté dans la phase de «cueillette des preuves » et qu’elle retrouve très bien rôdé et doté de moyens sophistiqués à quelque temps de sa fermeture. Plus qu’aux archives du TPIY, bien conservées, c’est aux témoins qui ont déposé à La Haye et particulièrement aux témoins «potentiels » qu’elle s’intéresse. Elle craint qu’à la fermeture du Tribunal ils ne soient laissés pour compte parce qu’on a estimé inutile de les appeler à témoigner lors d’un procès. Elle souhaite que les justices nationales s’approprient ces affaires qui ne relèvent pas de la compétence du TPIY, ce qui donnerait l’occasion à ces témoins négligés de témoigner. Elle estime en conclusion qu’il serait légitime de restituer ces preuves, non pas aux Nations unies mais à leurs «propriétaires » . Elle s’interroge sur le lieu où les déposer, sans pouvoir apporter de réponse.

Les archives de la défense des droits humains en Amérique latine : Chili, Argentine, Pérou - Pérotin Dumon, Anne (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Cet article explique l’émergence, les caractères et la valeur d’un ensemble documentaire propre au XXe siècle, tel qu’il se constitue en Amérique latine lorsque des organismes de défense des droits de l’Homme surgissent de la société civile pour défendre les victimes et dénoncer, au plan du droit, les graves infractions qui sont commises, dans les pays en proie à la violence politique. Son propos est centré sur trois pays où ce mouvement s’est particulièrement illustré. Il rappelle d’abord dans quelles circonstances associations de victimes, mouvements militant pour la cause des droits humains et organisations non gouvernementales apparaissent. Sont ensuite examinées leurs formes d’organisation et d’action, et les deux grandes catégories de documents qu’ils produisent – d’investigation et de communication – découlant de leurs deux fonctions – défendre et dénoncer. Enfin comment, avec la transition démocratique, leurs documents acquièrent un statut d’archives proprement dit et sont utilisés comme preuves avant de susciter, depuis peu, un intérêt comme patrimoine.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

La política archivística del Gobierno español y la ausencia de gestión del pasado desde el comienzo de la transición - Quintana, Antonio González (Hispania nova, Revista de Historia Contemporánea, 2007)
Most of political parties represented at the Spanish Parliament agreed, after Franco’s death, not to face the recent past. From the beginning of the Spanish political transition has existed neither a policy of memory nor a real archival policy regarding that subject. The management of the records produced by D.N.S.D. (National Delegation of Documentary Services, the information agency of Franco regime in Salamanca), was only focused on improving historical researches. The archives of military courts, used for massive civilian repression in ther forties, thirty years after continue being the biggest gap in Spanish archival legislation. No measures have been adopted to provide accountability about Human Rights violations or to facilitate the spreading of compensations for victims of repression.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives et processus de criblage dans les sociétés en transition : l’exemple des pays de l’ancien bloc des Pays de l’Est - Rumin, Serge (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le vetting ou criblage consiste en l’examen minutieux des antécédents d’un candidat à un poste afin de déterminer son aptitude, sur le plan moral, à occuper un poste. Ce procédé est considéré comme un mécanisme de justice transitionnelle, au service tant de la réforme institutionnelle et de la poursuite pénale, que de la recherche collective de la vérité et de la réparation des torts causés aux victimes. L’auteur montre le rôle clé de l’information dans le mécanisme de criblage et les défis que posent la collecte et le traitement de l’information en général. Après avoir identifié le type d’informations utilisé dans un mécanisme de criblage, il met en évidence le lien entre la nature du processus de transition (post-conflit ou post-autoritaire) et le type d’information disponible, et examine en quoi le type d’information utilisé conditionne le mécanisme de criblage. Il montre enfin que le type d’information et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour son traitement affectent substantiellement les résultats du processus.

Los archivos de los derechos humanos en el Perú - Ruth Elena Borja Santa Cruz (Historizar el pasado vivo en América Latina, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Pasado y presente de la violencia en Colombia | Daniel Ricardo Peñaranda Supelano | Universilibros - Sánchez, Gonzalo; Peñaranda, Ricardo (La Carreta Editores E.U., 2007)
📚 Durante los últimos veinte años Pasado y presente se convirtió en un referente de los estudios sobre La Violencia. Cuando aún no se hablaba entre
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

A la recherche des disparus de la seconde guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives - Sellem, Denis (Gazette des archives, 2007)
A la recherche des disparus de la Seconde Guerre mondiale : un parcours du combattant dans les archives ; Parti à la recherche de son oncle, Edouard Kalifat, disparu en URSS à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’auteur retrace les étapes successives d’un parcours solitaire qui l’a mené de ministères en centres d’archives russes et ukrainiens, en passant par l’appel à témoins et le recours aux medias. Devenu un usager des archives expérimenté, il explique les difficultés qu’il a rencontrées au cours de sa quête d’informations, en raison de la complexité et du cloisonnement des circuits institutionnels et associatifs. Elles l’ont incité à élargir sa recherche personnelle à celle de toutes les personnes disparues en URSS dans des conditions analogues et à créer une association spécialisée dans les recherches humanitaires. Il tire de cette expérience unique des recommandations pratiques, destinées à faciliter la tâche des familles confrontées à la disparition de l’un de leurs membres et désemparées. Il invite les administrations concernées à établir à leur intention un guide des démarches à entreprendre. Il presse aussi les archivistes d’élaborer un guide des services d’archives à consulter et de mettre en place des instruments de recueil d’informations et de suivi des dossiers.

Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même - Solis Azuaga, Gabriela (Gazette des archives, 2007)
Le Paraguay : la terreur racontée par elle-même. ; Gabriela Solís Azuaga présente dans cet article son témoignage vécu du stronisme, régime despotique du général Stroessner que le Paraguay a subi pendant 35 ans. Après avoir présenté brièvement le Paraguay et son histoire, l’auteur tente de définir ce régime, atypique à plus d’un titre. La découverte en 1992 des archives de la police politique du stronisme, archives dites de la terreur, a permis à certaines familles de connaître la vérité sur le sort de leurs disparus et d’obtenir justice. Mais l’intérêt de ce fonds dépasse le cadre national puisqu’on y trouve les fichiers et dossiers de l’Opération Condor qui concernent les pays d’Amérique latine impliqués dans ce plan coordonné de répression. L’auteur conclut en constatant que le temps du travail de mémoire n’est pas encore arrivé au Paraguay, alors que la compréhension du passé permettrait de résoudre les difficultés auxquelles il est toujours confronté.

The Tismaneanu Report: Romania Revisits Its Past - Tanasoiu, Cosmina (Problems of Post-Communism, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Chronique d'une enquête criminelle nationale: Le cas du régime de Hissein Habré, 1982-1990 - Abakar, Mahamat Hassan (Editions L'Harmattan, 2007)
Le 29 décembre 1990, très peu de temps après la prise du pouvoir par Idriss Déby, est créée une commission d'enquête chargée de faire la lumière sur les crimes et détournements commis par Hissein Habré et son gouvernement. L'auteur a été président de cette commission. Le rapport final est remis en 1992 et fait état de 40000 victimes, plus de 80000 orphelins, plus de 30000 veuves... Aucune des quatorze recommandations concluant ce rapport n'a été mise à exécution et la plupart des bourreaux d'hier ont été réhabilités et sévissent dans les services sécuritaires du nouveau gouvernement...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice - Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (United States Institute of Peace, 2007)
This report focuses on the often-ignored challenges faced by those seeking, through memorialization, to help repair societies that are emerging from violent conflict. The summary matrix at the end of this report provides recommendations to international actors interested in assisting in that process.

The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice - Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (United States Institute of Peace, 2007)
This report focuses on the often-ignored challenges faced by those seeking, through memorialization, to help repair societies that are emerging from violent conflict. The summary matrix at the end of this report provides recommendations to international actors interested in assisting in that process.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Public Records and Archives as Tools for Good Governance: Reflections Within the Recordkeeping Scholarly and Practitioner Communities - Kemoni, Henry N.; Ngulube, Patrick; Stilwell, Christine (ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives, 2007)
The article presents the various points of view regarding the definitions and uses of records and archives amongst the recordkeeping scholarly and practitioner communities. It demonstrates that whereas records and archives are useful tools for facilitating transparency, accountability and good governance in society, they could be used as instruments of repression and human rights abuses. Attempts made by various regimes to destroy evidence documented in records to conceal actions related to misuse of power and human rights abuses are highlighted. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for records and archives personnel to collaborate in order to establish good recordkeeping regimes that facilitate the exploitation and use of records and archives as tools for governance, enhancement of public service delivery and achievement of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among recordkeeping scholars, consultants, researchers and practitioners into the use of records and archives as tools for good governance and protection of human rights.
Keywords: Archives; Governance; Human Rights; Recordkeeping; Records; United Nations Millennium Development Goals

The importance of ‘Othering’ in China's national identity: Sino-Japanese relations as a stage of identity conflicts - Suzuki, Shogo (The Pacific Review, 2007)
Recent studies have increasingly argued that the Chinese leadership uses Japan’s imperialistic past as a tool for domestic and political bargaining. However, this argument fails to appreciate the embedded nature of negative memories within China. This article forwards an alternative argument by situating Japanese militaristic history within Chinese national identity. By examining a wide range of Chinese primary sources often underutilized by International Relations (IR) analysts, it moves beyond narrow, elite-centred explanations. The article argues that modern China’s national identity has been characterized by an acute sense of ‘victimhood’ arising from its turbulent interactions with International Society, and that Japan plays an important role as an ‘Other’ which enhances China’s self-image as a ‘victim’. Furthermore, it claims that Japan’s emergence as an ‘Other’ in China’s national identity is a by-product of China’s attempts to regain its social and moral legitimacy within a post-Cold War International Society increasingly dominated by the Western powers. By highlighting the deeply entrenched nature of Japanese imperialist history in China’s national identity, the article also shows that history is more than just part of a ‘toolkit’ that can be rationally utilized by the political elite, and that states are moral agents that are deeply affected by history.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

ISDF International Standard for Describing Functions - Committee on Best Practices and Standards (International Council on Archives, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The making of the "Rape of Nanking": History and Memory in Japan, China, and the United States (A Study of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University) - Orr, James (Pacific Affairs, 2007)
In Japan's case, there was hardly any awareness of the Nanjing atrocities in wartime, such sensibilities being deprived of fuel by censorship and overwhelmed by popular war fever and the desire to see Japan as the champion of international justice. The civil war with the Nationalists and the ensuing Cold War meant that PRC propaganda regarding Nanjing focused on Nationalist incompetence and US dastardliness, as in purported ulterior motives behind the establishment of the Nanjing safety zone for civilian Chinese.
Keywords: Atrocities; Business And Economics; Cold War; Consciousness; History--History Of Asia; Political Science; Political Science--International Relations; Rape; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works

UN Human Rights Council: Right to the Truth, Report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (United Nations, 2007)
Fifth session Item 2 of the provisional agenda
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives of the People, by the People, for the People - Evans, Max (The American Archivist, 2007)
Archivists today are caught between an expanding volume of records and a growing public expectation that every page in every document is online and indexed. With so many records and so few resources to provide on-demand access to them, the problem seems intractable. More money alone is not the answer; larger appropriations or donations cannot solve this problem. Instead, archivists must fundamentally shift the way they think about their roles and develop alternative means and methods for doing archival work.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples - OHCHR (United Nations, 2007)
Published: 13 September 2007 Author: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Presented: At the 33rd session of the HRC. Links: A/RES/61/295 (also available in 60 more languages)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Chasseur de dictateurs - Vidéo Dailymotion - Hazan, Pierre (2007)
De 1982 à 1990, Hissène Habré a fait peser une dictature sanglante sur le Tchad. Renversé en 1990, il s'est réfugié au Sénégal. Reed Brody, l'un des dirigeants de l'association Human Rights Watch, le traque avec le droit comme arme. En voir plus sur : http://www.vodeo.tv/5-31-2044-chasseur-de-dictateurs.html?PARTID=9084
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Counting the Dead: The Culture and Politics of Human Rights Activism in Colombia - Tate, Winifred (University of California Press, 2007)
At a time when a global consensus on human rights standards seems to be emerging, this rich study steps back to explore how the idea of human rights is actually employed by activists and human rights professionals. Winifred Tate, an anthropologist and activist with extensive experience in Colombia, finds that radically different ideas about human rights have shaped three groups of human rights professionals working there--nongovernmental activists, state representatives, and military officers. Drawing from the life stories of high-profile activists, pioneering interviews with military officials, and research at the United Nations Human Rights Commission in Geneva, Counting the Dead underscores the importance of analyzing and understanding human rights discourses, methodologies, and institutions within the context of broader cultural and political debates.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Deciphering the archives of Guatemala's dirty war - Doyle, Kate (Harper’s Magazine, 2007)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

The Atrocity Files. Deciphering the Archives of Guatemala's Dirty War.The Atrocity Files. - Doyle, Kate; Doyle, Kate (Harper's Magazine, 2007)

Resolution 6/36. Expert mechanism on the rights of indigenous peoples - Human Rights Council (2007)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

NS-Verbrecher und Staatssicherheit: Die geheime Vergangenheitspolitik der DDR - Leide, Henry (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007)
Bis heute gilt die konsequente Verfolgung von NS-Ttern als "gute Seite" des Ministeriums f"r Staatssicherheit der DDR. Doch hinter der Fassade des antifaschistischen Musterstaats wurde ein sorgsam verh"lltes, doppeltes Spiel gespielt: SED und Staatssicherheit prangerten die Bundesrepublik an und lieferten Flle f"r Vorzeigeprozesse, aber zugleich stellten sie Ermittlungen gegen NS-Tter hintan, wenn sie dem Image der DDR zuwiderliefen. Henry Leide analysiert systematisch die Formen dieser Politik: Anwerbungen von fr"h amnestierten oder nie verurteilten NS-Verbrechern als Informanten und Agenten in Ost und West, mangelhafte Ermittlungen gegen Hunderte belastete DDR-B"rger, vereitelte Strafverfahren gegen angesehene DDR-rzte und verweigerte Rechtshilfe f"r die auslndische Justiz bei gleichzeitiger Monopolisierung vieler Akten durch die Geheimpolizei. In dieser Praxis entpuppt sich der DDR-Antifaschismus als instrumentelles Kampfprogramm in der deutsch-deutschen Systemkonkurrenz.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

O que resta de Auschwitz: o arquivo e a testemunha - Agamben, Giorgio; Assmann, Selvino J. (Boitempo, 2008)
Como narrar o inenarrável ou testemunhar sobre algo que está além da compreensão humana? O que resta de Auschwitz, de Giorgio Agamben, procura, a partir de uma análise profunda do papel do testemunho como documento histórico e de seus limites enquanto relato pessoal, entender as dimensões da produção escrita dos sobreviventes do Holocausto nazista. Não se trata, portanto, de um livro sobre as circunstâncias materiais relacionadas ao maior campo de concentração de Hitler. O que resta de Auschwitz investiga as dificuldades do testemunho quando este envolve a perda de referenciais básicos num espaço marcado pela total ausência de normas, onde o esforço pela identificação de algo parecido com uma lógica de funcionamento não só se mostrava vão, como também poderia significar a não sobrevivência.O relato do escritor Primo Levi, sobrevivente de Auschwitz, é matéria-prima para a análise de Agamben. Levi se coloca como testemunha e condiciona sua sobrevivência à necessidade de contar essa história. Já os chamados 'muçulmanos' - prisioneiros que perderam sua condição de homens e foram reduzidos a cadáveres ambulantes - são os únicos que poderiam dar testemunho verdadeiro do terror, se já não estivessem privados da linguagem.Agamben coloca que o valor do testemunho está essencialmente no que lhe falta, no que não pode ser dito por homens que já não o são. Em suas palavras, 'Auschwitz marca o fim e a ruína de qualquer ética da dignidade e da adequação a uma norma. A vida nua, a que o homem foi reduzido'.A obra, que faz parte da coleção Estado de Sítio e traz apresentação de Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, recupera conceitos presentes nos anteriores Estado de Exceção e Homo Sacer. Trata-se de leitura fundamental, onde Auschwitz é apresentado como o espaço de uma experiência em que se fundem as fronteiras entre o humano e o inumano, a vida e a morte, colocando à prova a reflexão de nosso tempo, que mostra sua insuficiência por deixar aparecer, entre suas ruínas, o perfil incerto de uma nova ética.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archivos y derechos humanos - Alberch i Fugueras, Ramon Alberch i (Trea, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Implicitly Guarantee a Right to Habeas Corpus? - Farrell, Brian (Human Rights Brief, 2008)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Lorsque la coopération internationale s’intéresse aux archives : l’exemple de la Tunisie. - Jacobs, Christophe (Comma, International Journal on Archives, 2008)

Problem lustracji w Europie Środkowej i krajach bałtyckich - Opalińska, Agnieszka (IN GREMIUM, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

POLÍTICAS ARCHIVÍSTICAS PARA LA DEFENSA DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS - Quintana, Antonio González (Consejo Internacional de Archivos, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Guerreros y campesinos. El despojo de la tierra en Colombia - Reyes, Alejandro (Norma, 2008)
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Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; conflicto armado

The Archives of Universal History - Rothschild, Emma (Journal of World History, 2008)
This article looks at early proposals for an international archive, at the different respects in which archives are international or transnational, and at the development since 1946 of the archives of international organizations. It suggests that the history of the UN's involvement with archives is itself a development of historical and even political interest.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Access and democratisation of information: the documentation of war atrocities by the Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission. - Svärd, Proscovia (Comma, International Journal on Archives., 2008)

On dealing with the past, transitional justice and archives - Syrri, Despina (Balcanica, 2008)
This paper aims to explore initiatives in dealing with the past in South East Europe, particularly with regard to archives, and to reflect on discussions about the documentation of atrocities and sufferings and the shift from war to peace, ongoing in the Balkan countries affected by the 1991–1999 wars while the countries are still struggling to find the best way(s) to deal with the past and its consequences. Transitional justice may be framed as opening up different approaches to create collective memories, to share and to transfer these through time-space. New technologies used in archiving are assumed to open new avenues to democratization and accountability, in communication and free circulation of information, and to create a much broader negotiating process, with significant opportunities for the preservation of memory(ies), documentation and contestation — a far more multi-sited, multi-scalar and multi-level board where novel alliances, formations and mediations might arise. One particular case is that of the digitization and public accessibility of the tribunals’ archives, which are supposed to constitute an important legal and cultural heritage that belongs to the world community, as well as to the states and the citizens involved. The information contained in these archives is expected to be made available for new forms of use, such as scientific research and investigation by/for surviving relatives, while respecting different legal constraints. The archives would also serve the advancement of the international justice system by explaining the workings of the tribunals to the general public. Consequently the important question that arises is the ownership of these archives. The reciprocal “production” and “consumption” (shaping) of the colonial narrative of history and identity entail that the former colonizers and colonized are a community of records, sharing a common archival heritage. Therefore, what in Western archival practice is called the subject of the record has to be reconsidered as a full partner in the record-creating process, as a co-creator of the record. These archives thus seem to constitute a “joint heritage” shared by a number of “communities of records”, contributing to the possible formation of new identities and politics.

Justicia por los crímenes de la dictadura - Varsky, Carolina; Barbuto, Valeria; Martínez, Diego; Parellada, Julieta (Derechos humanos en Argentina, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Informatorul. Studiu asupra colaborării cu Securitatea - Albu, Mihai (2008)
Read reviews from the world’s largest community for readers. Fara aportul colaboratorilor, Securitatea nu ar fi putut exercita un control atit de strict as…
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice - Normand, Roger; Zaidi, Sarah (Indiana University Press, 2008)
Human rights activists Roger Normand and Sarah Zaidi provide a broad political history of the emergence and development of the human rights movement in the 20th century through the crucible of the United Nations, focusing on the hopes and expectations, concrete power struggles, national rivalries, and bureaucratic politics that molded the international system of human rights law. The book emphasizes the period before and after the creation of the UN, when human rights ideas and proposals were shaped and transformed by the hard-edged realities of power politics and bureaucratic imperatives. It also analyzes the expansion of the human rights framework in response to demands for equitable development after decolonization and organized efforts by women, minorities, and other disadvantaged groups to secure international recognition of their rights.
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

The Right to Health - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (World Health Organization, 2008)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

The Art Of Political Murder: Who Killed the Bishop? - Goldman, Francisco (Grove Press, 2008)
Bishop Juan Gerardi, Guatemala’s leading human rights activist, was bludgeoned to death in his garage on a Sunday night in 1998, two days after the presentation of a groundbreaking church-sponsored report implicating the military in the murders and disappearances of some two hundred thousand civilians. Realizing that it could not rely on police investigators or the legal system to solve the murder, the church formed its own investigative team, a group of secular young men in their twenties who called themselves Los Intocables (the Untouchables). Known in Guatemala as “The Crime of the Century,” the Bishop Gerardi murder case, with its unexpectedly outlandish scenarios and sensational developments, confounded observers and generated extraordinary controversy. In his first nonfiction book, acclaimed novelist Francisco Goldman has spoken to witnesses no other reporter has reached, and observed firsthand some of the most crucial developments in the case. Now he has produced The Art of Political Murder, a tense and astonishing true detective story that opens a window on the new Latin American reality of mara youth gangs and organized crime, and tells the story of a remarkable group of engaging, courageous young people, and of their remarkable fight for justice.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Article 14(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Exclusion from International Refugee Protection - Kapferer, Sibylle (Refugee Survey Quarterly, 2008)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

50 Jahre Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg. Ein Erfahrungsbericht über die letzten zweieinhalb Jahrzehnte - Schrimm, Kurt; Riedel, Joachim (Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 2008)
Vorspann Die Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg ist das Herzstück der justiziellen Ahndung von NSVerbrechen. 1958 gegründet, spielte die einzigartige Institution bei der Einleitung fast aller großen Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle. Der jetzige Leiter und sein Stellvertreter ziehen hier Bilanz und blicken dabei vor allem auf die letzten 25 Jahre zurück, in denen die Zentrale Stelle dazu überging, umfassende eigenständige Ermittlungen im In- und Ausland durchzuführen – und dabei immer wieder beachtliche Erfolge verbuchen konnte.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Œuvres complètes - Camus, Albert (La Pléiade, 2008)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Paper Wars: Access to Information in South Africa - Allan, Kate (Wits University Press, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

13 : L'ouverture des archives d'une police politique communiste : le cas tchèque, de Zdena Salivarová à Milan Kundera - Blaive, Muriel (Archives et histoire dans les sociétés postcommunistes, 2009)
Pendant soixante-dix ans, la recherche sur le monde soviétique s’est élaborée sans possibilité de recours aux sources primaires. « Discipline » à mi-chemin entre l’histoire immédiate et la science politique, la soviétologie, comme on l’appelait alors, était privée de l’outil traditionnel de l’historien : les archives. De ce fait, elle était d’autant plus perméable aux présupposés idéologiques. Bien que leur ouverture soit encore partielle et inégale selon les pays, les archives du monde communiste ont permis des avancées notables dans l’historiographie. Traduisant le rapport qu’entretiennent aujourd’hui les sociétés postcommunistes avec leur passé, leur usage public a encouragé le questionnement sur la centralité accordée aux dossiers des polices politiques. D’autres lectures des archives de la surveillance, d’autres champs de recherche ont pu être explorés, qu’il s’agisse des relations entre les dirigeants et entre les États, des rapports entre l’État-Parti et la société ou encore de l’approfondissement d’épisodes majeurs de l’histoire comme la Shoah à l’Est, longtemps négligée. Revers de la médaille, l’ouverture des archives et la dramaturgie autour de leurs révélations ont mis en relief un usage public du passé qui rappelle la fragilité de l’histoire comme discipline autonome. Issu d’un colloque organisé par la BDIC à l’université de Paris-Ouest-Nanterre, cet ouvrage collectif rassemble des travaux d’archivistes et d’historiens qui tentent ici un bilan, vingt ans après la chute du Mur de Berlin, de l’apport de l’archive à l’historiographie et à l’intelligibilité de l’expérience communiste.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archiving Challenges in Africa: The Case of Post-Conflict Liberia - Proscovia, Svärz (IASA Journal: International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

ARCHIVAL POLICIES IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS - Quintana, Antonio González (International Council on Archives, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

POLITIQUES ARCHIVISTIQUES POUR LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME - Quintana, Antonio González (Conseil International des Archives, 2009)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

La Isla: Archives of a Tragedy - Stelzner, Uli (2009)
In July 2005 a huge explosion in the Guatemalan Capital leads to the discovery of the historic archive of the National Police. On the grounds of the today's Police Academy used to be located the island, the secret prison of notori...
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archival Landscape: Archives and Human Rights - Stinnett, Graham (Progressive Librarian: A Journal for Critical Studies & Progressive Politics in Librarianship, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Archives Power: Memory, Accountability, and Social Justice - Jimerson, Randall C. (Amer Library Assn, 2009)
Grounded in historical and social theory, this analysis of the power of archives and the role of archivists in society calls for renewed emphasis on remembrance, evidence, and documentation as a means of securing open government, accountability, diversity, and social justice, within an archival ethics of professional and societal responsibility.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Truth Commissions in Post-Communism: The Overlooked Solution? - Stan, Lavinia (The Open Political Science Journal, 2009)
Despite their increased popularity in Latin America, Africa and Asia, truth commissions have remained an overlooked solution to coming to terms with the recent human rights abuses perpetrated in communist Europe. Since the start of the democratization process in the early 1990s, only Germany, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and Romania have employed truth commissions as methods to reckon with communist crimes. These five commissions share important similarities and differences in terms of their organizational structure, goals, activity, and efficacy. The scarcity of truth commissions in post-communist Europe is explained by the nature of communist repression, the legitimacy of the communist regime as a home-grown versus an externally-imposed political set of institutions and practices, and the use of lustration and access to secret files as methods to obtain truth, justice and reconciliation in posttotalitarian times.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

From Polders to Postmodernism: A Concise History of Archival Theory - Ridener, John; Cook, Terry (Litwin Books, 2009)
From Polders to Postmodernism is a broad ranging history of the conception and development of the theories that have guided archivists in their work from the late 19th through the early 21st centuries. Narrated through the controversial thread of archival appraisal theory, the book examines how archivists have engaged with theory through the tension between keeping records that reflect objective history "as it happened" and subjective decision making in the archive. Through an interpretive reading of archival theory, distinct periods emerge, with each paradigm contributing unique responses to difficult archival, historical, and theoretical contexts.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Late lustration programmes in Romania and Poland: supporting or undermining democratic transitions? - Horne, Cynthia M. (Democratization, 2009)
In 2006, Poland and Romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes. These late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice. While early lustration measures targeted political elites, late lustration policies include public and private sector positions, such as journalists, academics, business leaders, and others in ‘positions of public trust’. Given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding lustration, why lustrate so late in the post-communist transition and why expand the policies? The dominant explanation is that lustration is a tool of party politics and is a threat to democratic consolidation. However, the late lustration programmes do not fit this hypothesis neatly. The new laws have been restructured and packaged with other reform programmes, specifically anticorruption programmes. Late lustration has evolved to include economic and social, as well as political concerns. As such, some post-communist governments in Central and Eastern Europe appear to be trying to use lustration as a way to further the democratic transitions by addressing remaining public concerns about corruption, distrust, and inequality.
Keywords: Poland; References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; Romania; anticorruption; elites; lustration; transition; transitional justice

The advance of universal justice - Ollé Sesé, Manuel (International Federation for Human Rights, 2009)
The road map for limiting the practice of universal justice in Spain is a sad reality. The Spanish Congress has just approved a proposal to reduce universal justice to cases where the people presumed responsible are on Spanish soil or there are Spanish victims, and either way, only when an international court or the country where the crime was committed are not
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Council of Europe Convention on Access to Official Documents - Council of Europe Treaty Series - No.205 - Council of Europe (Council of Europe, 2009)
This Convention is the first binding international legal instrument to recognise a general right of access to official documents held by public authorities. Transparency of public authorities is a key feature of good governance and an indicator of whether or not a society is genuinely democratic and pluralist. The right of access to official documents is also essential to the self-development of people and to the exercise of fundamental human rights. It also strengthens public authorities’ legitimacy in the eyes of the public, and its confidence in them. This Convention lays down a right of access to official documents. Limitations on this right are only permitted in order to protect certain interests like national security, defence or privacy. The Convention sets forth the minimum standards to be applied in the processing of requests for access to official documents (forms of and charges for access to official documents), review procedure and complementary measures and it has the flexibility required to allow national laws to build on this foundation and provide even greater access to official documents. A Group of Specialists on Access to Official Documents will monitor the i implementation of this Convention by the Parties.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

20 Jahre Stasi-Aufarbeitung: Vorbild oder Auslaufmodell? - Gieseke, Jens (bpb.de, 2009)
Ehemalige Mitarbeiter der Stasi wollen heutzutage nicht mehr genannt werden und berufen sich dazu auf ihr Persönlichkeitsrecht. Dem steht jedoch ein Aufklärungsinteresse entgegen. Ein Blick nach Osteuropa zeigt, dass in Deutschland breits einiges err
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Accounting and reconciling in the balance sheet of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission - Rousseau, Nicky; Fullard, Madeleine (Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 2009)
A body of critical academic literature has characterized the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as a nation-building enterprise with reconciliation as its core. Although this literature is especially influential within South African scholarship, the association of the TRC with reconciliation has become a far wider orthodoxy. An engagement with the full range of the TRC's hearings, its institutional practice and its seven-volume report demonstrates a more contested perspective, involving a wider range of actors, and contending directions, most notably a drive to establish accountability for human rights’ abuse.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission; accountability and human rights' abuse; nation-building; reconciliation; transitional justice; truth commissions

The security challenge in conflict-prone countries - Collier, Paul; Chauvet, Lisa; Hegre, Håvard; Elbadawi, Ibrahim A.; Mack, Andrew (Global Crises, Global Solutions, 2009)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

Right to the truth - Report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - Human Rights Council (United Nations, 2009)
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Erinnerungsorte der DDR - Sabrow, Martin (C.H.Beck, 2009)
Die DDR gibt es nicht mehr, aber im Gedächtnis lebt sie weiter, als Schreckensort einer Diktatur, in "ostalgischer" Verklärung und vor allem in Erinnerung an die Mühen um ein aufrechtes Leben in gedrückten Verhältnissen. Fünfzig Publizisten und Zeithistoriker präsentieren die wichtigsten Bezugspunkte der Erinnerung an ein untergegangenes Land.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights

Memory, records, history: the Records of the Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste - Nannelli, Elizabeth (Archival Science, 2009)
This paper examines the implications of the context of creation on the current and potential future uses of the records produced by the Comissao de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliacao de Timor-Leste (Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, or CAVR). Given that the CAVR relied heavily on the testimony of the East Timorese people in its investigations that addressed a 25-year period, this paper considers the nature of memory and the role it played in creating and shaping the CAVR records. It also addresses the potential influences of the CAVR records, particularly the final report, Chega!, in shaping what will be known about this period by the Timorese people. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential role of the CAVR records in contributing to the history of Timor-Leste. Although truth commissions are a problematic form of truth telling, with significant implications for the writing of history, the records of the CAVR are an invaluable source of information for Timorese history. If future users can recognize the CAVR records as the products of the context of their creation, these records will have a critical role to play in the development of history within Timor-Leste.
Keywords: Memory; Records; Timor-Leste; Truth commissions

CORTE INTERAMERICANA DE DERECHOS HUMANOS CASO ESCHER Y OTROS VS. BRASIL SENTENCIA DE 20 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2009 - Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, 2009)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

News from the ICA Human Rights Working Group - 2009-12 (December) - Peterson, Trudy Huskamp (ICA, 2009)

Archivos y derechos humanos en América. La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos - Arias, Virginia (Comma, 2010)

Of condors and judges: Archival musings over a judicial investigation - Barrera, Giulia (Archival Science, 2010)
(2010) Barrera. Archival Science. Abstract The paper discusses some archival issues that emerged during a judicial investigation carried out by the Prosecutor’s Office\nof Rome (Italy) regarding h...

Ley Federal de Protección de Datos Personales en Posesión de los Particulares - Camara De Diputados Del H. Congreso De La Union (Estados Unidos Mexicanos, 2010)
Keywords: References - Comma (2020 1-2), Archives and Human Rights

El derecho de reparación a las víctimas en el derecho internacional : un estudio comparativo entre el derecho internacional de responsabilidad estatal y los principios básicos de reparación de víctimas de derechos humanos - Cruz, Luis M. (Revista de Derecho Político, 2010)
En este artículo se analizan los textos más importantes en el ámbito de reparación a las víctimas en el ámbito internacional y que reflejan las características esenciales tanto del derecho internacional de responsabilidad estatal como del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Por un lado, los Artículos sobre la Responsabilidad del Estado por hechos internacionalmente ilícitos, adoptados por la Comisión de Derecho Internacional de las Naciones Unidas en 2001. Por otro lado, los Principios y Directrices Básicos sobre el Derecho de las Víctimas de Violaciones Manifiestas de las Normas Internacionales de Derechos Humanos y de Violaciones Graves del Derecho Internacional Humanitario a Interponer Recursos y Obtener Reparaciones, aprobados por la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas en 2005. Estos textos articulan, cada uno en su ámbito, aquellos principios que han sido aplicados en el los tribunales internacionales y que gozan de un amplio consenso en el derecho internacional. El objetivo del artículo es identificar los elementos comunes así como los elementos característicos de cada uno de ellos, en orden a mostrar sus logros y deficiencias a la hora de reparar a las víctimas de violaciones de derechos humanos.
Keywords: References - Boel et al. (2021), Archives and Human Rights; derecho a una reparación; human rights violations; reparación; reparation; right to a remedy; victims; violaciones de derechos humanos; víctimas