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This paper examines the implications of the context of creation on the current and potential future uses of the records produced by the Comissao de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliacao de Timor-Leste (Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation, or CAVR). Given that the CAVR relied heavily on the testimony of the East Timorese people in its investigations that addressed a 25-year period, this paper considers the nature of memory and the role it played in creating and shaping the CAVR...
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A body of critical academic literature has characterized the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as a nation-building enterprise with reconciliation as its core. Although this literature is especially influential within South African scholarship, the association of the TRC with reconciliation has become a far wider orthodoxy. An engagement with the full range of the TRC's hearings, its institutional practice and its seven-volume report demonstrates a more contested...
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In 2006, Poland and Romania embarked on renewed lustration programmes. These late lustration policies expanded the scope and transparency measures associated with lustration as a form of transitional justice. While early lustration measures targeted political elites, late lustration policies include public and private sector positions, such as journalists, academics, business leaders, and others in ‘positions of public trust’. Given the legal controversy and moral complexity surrounding...
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Despite their increased popularity in Latin America, Africa and Asia, truth commissions have remained an overlooked solution to coming to terms with the recent human rights abuses perpetrated in communist Europe. Since the start of the democratization process in the early 1990s, only Germany, the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and Romania have employed truth commissions as methods to reckon with communist crimes. These five commissions share important similarities and...
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Vorspann Die Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg ist das Herzstück der justiziellen Ahndung von NSVerbrechen. 1958 gegründet, spielte die einzigartige Institution bei der Einleitung fast aller großen Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle. Der jetzige Leiter und sein Stellvertreter ziehen hier Bilanz und blicken dabei vor allem auf die letzten 25 Jahre zurück, in denen die Zentrale Stelle dazu überging, umfassende eigenständige Ermittlungen im In- und Ausland durchzuführen – und dabei immer wieder beachtliche Erfolge verbuchen konnte.
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This article looks at early proposals for an international archive, at the different respects in which archives are international or transnational, and at the development since 1946 of the archives of international organizations. It suggests that the history of the UN's involvement with archives is itself a development of historical and even political interest.
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This paper aims to explore initiatives in dealing with the past in South East Europe, particularly with regard to archives, and to reflect on discussions about the documentation of atrocities and sufferings and the shift from war to peace, ongoing in the Balkan countries affected by the 1991–1999 wars while the countries are still struggling to find the best way(s) to deal with the past and its consequences. Transitional justice may be framed as opening up different approaches to create...
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Archivists today are caught between an expanding volume of records and a growing public expectation that every page in every document is online and indexed. With so many records and so few resources to provide on-demand access to them, the problem seems intractable. More money alone is not the answer; larger appropriations or donations cannot solve this problem. Instead, archivists must fundamentally shift the way they think about their roles and develop alternative means and methods for doing archival work.
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In Japan's case, there was hardly any awareness of the Nanjing atrocities in wartime, such sensibilities being deprived of fuel by censorship and overwhelmed by popular war fever and the desire to see Japan as the champion of international justice. The civil war with the Nationalists and the ensuing Cold War meant that PRC propaganda regarding Nanjing focused on Nationalist incompetence and US dastardliness, as in purported ulterior motives behind the establishment of the Nanjing safety zone for civilian Chinese.
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Recent studies have increasingly argued that the Chinese leadership uses Japan’s imperialistic past as a tool for domestic and political bargaining. However, this argument fails to appreciate the embedded nature of negative memories within China. This article forwards an alternative argument by situating Japanese militaristic history within Chinese national identity. By examining a wide range of Chinese primary sources often underutilized by International Relations (IR) analysts, it moves...
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The article presents the various points of view regarding the definitions and uses of records and archives amongst the recordkeeping scholarly and practitioner communities. It demonstrates that whereas records and archives are useful tools for facilitating transparency, accountability and good governance in society, they could be used as instruments of repression and human rights abuses. Attempts made by various regimes to destroy evidence documented in records to conceal actions related to...
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L’Instance Equité et Réconciliation (IER) a relayé et amplifié un travail de mémoire qui avait été engagé par la société marocaine depuis des années. L’auteur, ancien membre de l’IER, présente les nombreuses questions auxquelles s’est trouvée confrontée cette instance, chargée à la fois d’établir la vérité sur les violations des droits de l’Homme intervenues au Maroc pendant près d’un demi-siècle, d’en expliquer le contexte et d’en préserver la mémoire : question des témoignages oraux, de...
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Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post autoritaires ; Le rapport sur les archives des anciens régimes répressifs, préparé pour l’UNESCO et le Conseil International des Archives en 1996, a souligné l’importance cruciale de la conservation de ces documents puisqu’ils servent autant à la défense des personnes affectées par ces régimes qu’à la consolidation de la démocratie et à la reconstruction de la cohésion sociale. Comme la conservation des archives de la répression conditionne...