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Le 29 décembre 1990, très peu de temps après la prise du pouvoir par Idriss Déby, est créée une commission d'enquête chargée de faire la lumière sur les crimes et détournements commis par Hissein Habré et son gouvernement. L'auteur a été président de cette commission. Le rapport final est remis en 1992 et fait état de 40000 victimes, plus de 80000 orphelins, plus de 30000 veuves... Aucune des quatorze recommandations concluant ce rapport n'a été mise à exécution et la plupart des bourreaux...
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De 1982 à 1990, Hissène Habré a fait peser une dictature sanglante sur le Tchad. Renversé en 1990, il s'est réfugié au Sénégal. Reed Brody, l'un des dirigeants de l'association Human Rights Watch, le traque avec le droit comme arme. En voir plus sur : http://www.vodeo.tv/5-31-2044-chasseur-de-dictateurs.html?PARTID=9084
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Dans de nombreuses démocraties ayant récemment succédé à des régimes autoritaires, bourreaux et victimes continuent de coexister. La haine est toujours présente malgré la mise en place de processus de "réconciliation" par les gouvernements actuels en Amérique du Sud comme en Afrique du Sud. Des réparations et l'établissement de la vérité sur les crimes commis devaient pallier l'absence de poursuites judiciaires, des lois d'amnistie devaient également représenter une première étape vers le...
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A body of critical academic literature has characterized the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as a nation-building enterprise with reconciliation as its core. Although this literature is especially influential within South African scholarship, the association of the TRC with reconciliation has become a far wider orthodoxy. An engagement with the full range of the TRC's hearings, its institutional practice and its seven-volume report demonstrates a more contested...
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The post-world war II German-Israeli reparations program is the largest, most comprehensive reparations program ever implemented. Traditionally, reparations were supported by the vanquished and were designed to compensate the victor for the damages caused during the war. The Wiedergutmachung (literally “making the good again”) program as it is called in Germany, or Shilumim (the payments) as Israelis usually prefer to refer to it, innovates in many areas and goes beyond this interstate...
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DAA Highlights key issues and lessons learned from the Organization's experiences in the promotion of justice and the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies. Provides details on i) strengthening the rule of law and transitional justice in the wake of conflict; ii) articulating a common language of justice for UN; iii) basing assistance on international norms and standards; iv) identifying the role of UN peace operations; v) assessing national needs and capacities; vi) supporting...
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This article serves as the general introduction by the guest editors to the first of two thematic issues of Archival Science that will explore the theme, "archives, records, and power." Archives as institutions and records as documents are generally seen by academic and other users, and by society generally, as passive resources to be .exploited for various historical and cultural purposes. Historians since the mid-nineteenth century, in pursuing the new scientific history, needed an archive...
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Vorspann Die Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg ist das Herzstück der justiziellen Ahndung von NSVerbrechen. 1958 gegründet, spielte die einzigartige Institution bei der Einleitung fast aller großen Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle. Der jetzige Leiter und sein Stellvertreter ziehen hier Bilanz und blicken dabei vor allem auf die letzten 25 Jahre zurück, in denen die Zentrale Stelle dazu überging, umfassende eigenständige Ermittlungen im In- und Ausland durchzuführen – und dabei immer wieder beachtliche Erfolge verbuchen konnte.
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The Soviet massacre of Polish prisoners of war at Katyn and in other camps in 1940 was one of the most notorious incidents of the Second World War. The truth about the massacres was long suppressed, both by the Soviet Union, and also by the United States and Britain who wished to hold together their wartime alliance with the Soviet Union. This informative book examines the details of this often overlooked event, shedding light on what took place especially in relation to the massacres at l
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From Polders to Postmodernism is a broad ranging history of the conception and development of the theories that have guided archivists in their work from the late 19th through the early 21st centuries. Narrated through the controversial thread of archival appraisal theory, the book examines how archivists have engaged with theory through the tension between keeping records that reflect objective history "as it happened" and subjective decision making in the archive. Through an interpretive...
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Cet article explique l’émergence, les caractères et la valeur d’un ensemble documentaire propre au XXe siècle, tel qu’il se constitue en Amérique latine lorsque des organismes de défense des droits de l’Homme surgissent de la société civile pour défendre les victimes et dénoncer, au plan du droit, les graves infractions qui sont commises, dans les pays en proie à la violence politique. Son propos est centré sur trois pays où ce mouvement s’est particulièrement illustré. Il rappelle d’abord...
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The road map for limiting the practice of universal justice in Spain is a sad reality. The Spanish Congress has just approved a proposal to reduce universal justice to cases where the people presumed responsible are on Spanish soil or there are Spanish victims, and either way, only when an international court or the country where the crime was committed are not
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