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Recent reports by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) emphasised the critical importance of records throughout the lives of care-experienced people. Records not only contain information about what happened to a person in their past, but also have long-term effects on memory and identity. Research emerging in the context of analogous national inquiries into the systemic abuse and neglect of children in care—particularly the Royal Commission in Australia and the Shaw Report...
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Literary archivists in recent years have often taken an interest, and occasionally taken the lead, in projects which concern the multi-faceted topic of “archives at risk”. This essay reviews recent thinking and action on archives at risk, with special reference to archives which relate to cultural heritage, and describes practical responses in the three areas of documentary heritage at risk, the papers of dissident authors, and the challenging question of providing safe havens for archives at risk.
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This essay traces the changing meanings of the term “anti-Semitism” from the late nineteenth century to the present. Focusing on Britain, it demonstrates that anti-Semitism, like any other concept, has a history—but in this case, one that remains largely uncharted. The essay draws a contrast between early usages of the term that regarded anti-Semitism as a specifically modern phenomenon and later meanings that have conceived anti-Semitism as a continuous and deep-seated malaise. Changes in...
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This essay looks at the historical background of compensation payments, then considers the impact of World War II on reparations programs, the intellectual criteria for compensation developed by international bodies during the second half of the 20th century, and examples of state-level compensation after 1975 to individuals who were harmed by state actions. It concludes by considering the documents required to prove identity and prove the harm that gives rise to the right to compensation.
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Resumen La impunidad de las violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas en el marco de la actividad empresarial ha sido motivo de preocupación para numerosos organismos internacionales en los últimos decenios. Desde las recomendaciones de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos, organismo pionero en esta preocupación, han sido numerosos los instrumentos internacionales que se han elaborado sobre el tema. Pero son los Principios rectores sobre las empresas y los...
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Beginning in 1946, the United States government immorally and unethically—and, arguably, illegally—engaged in research experiments in which more than 5000 uninformed and unconsenting Guatemalan people were intentionally infected with bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases. Many have been left untreated to the present day., Although US President Barack Obama apologized in 2010, and although the US Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues found the Guatemalan...
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El investigador en temas de Trabajo y Seguridad Social de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV), Juan Hernández Zubizarreta, y el investigador del Observatorio de la Deuda de la Globalización (ODG), Jesús Carrión, desgranan en este artículo los efectos de una nueva Lex Mercatoria que condiciona, de forma asimétrica, el ejercicio y tutela de derechos a nivel internacional. Los autores presentan las dinámicas y efectos del poder político, económico y jurídico del que gozan las empresas...
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Climate change has adverse implications for a wide range of human rights. Low-lying, socio-economically disadvantaged small island developing states are among those most vulnerable to climate change harms – including rising sea levels and extreme weather events – which threaten the habitability of their territory and the enjoyment of basic human rights, including the right to self-determination. Customary international law and international human rights law establish extraterritorial...